Objective To research the preventing and controlhng measure of esophageal cancer and the high-risk factors of influencing surgical effect. Method Retrospective collecting 3358 patients of the esophageal cancer by surgical treatment, and summaring and analysing the clinical material of the recent death of 94 cases after surgery. Results The recent surgical mortality was 2.8% (94/3358) in all of the esophageal cancer patients after surgery. The advanced age and the partner disease before surgery had significant influence to the recent surgical mortality (P <0.05). The tallies fistula in chest and the cardiopulmonary complication after surgery had unusual significant influence to the recent surgical mortality (P< 0.05). Surgery way and spleen excision had no influence to the recent surgical mortality (P > 0.05). Conclusions The tallies fistula in chest, the cardiopulmonary complication after surgery, the advanced age and the partner disease before surgery are the high-risk factors of the recent death to esophageal cancer after surgery.Purposeful controlling these factors will be possible to reduce the surgical complication and the recent surgical mortality.

Objective To study the toxic effect of glufosinate-ammonium on the liver. Methods SD rats aged 6 weeks with weight of 140-160 g were randomly divided into four groups, 20 (10 males and 10 females) in each group. The rats were treated for three months by gavaging different doses of glufosinate-ammonium (0, 100, 250, 500 mg/kg bw) for the experimental group and 2% Tween-80 solution for the control group. All the rats were weighted once a week. The activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the serum were determined at the end of the study. Liver weight was measured and liver index was calculated. Pathological examination was performed. Results Treated with high-dose of glufosinate-ammonium, a retarded growth of rats was seen, the activity of ALT, AST and ALP increased significantly in both male and female rats, the liver index increased significantly and pathological changes of the liver were also observed compared with the control. No significant changes were found in the rats treated with moderate and low dose compared with the control. Conclusion Glufosinate-ammonium may produce a toxic effect on the liver of rat when the exposed dose is more than 500 mg/kg.

0.05 respectively .The side effects including gastrointestinal response and bone marrow depression in union group was markedly higher than those in pure group,P

Objective To compare the characteristics of ulcer wound healing in current commonly used C57BL/6J-db/db mouse models of spontaneous gene mutation-induced type 2 diabetes and in C57BL/6J mice with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and to provide a basis for related experimental studies on diabetic ulcer in animal models.Methods To establish the mouse models of diabetic ulcer wound, observe the healing time and calculate the wound healing rate at 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14 days.Tissue samples were collected at days 7 and 14.HE and Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry (CD31 and PCNA) were used to observe the pathological changes of the wound tissues.Gene expressions of collagen-IIIα, fibronectin and α-SMA were detected by fluorescent quantitative analysis.Results The wound healing time of db/db mice was significantly delayed compared with the STZ mice, which was extended from 16.6±0.8 d to 20.2±1.3 d (P< 0.001).Compared with the STZ group, the growth of granulation tissue in the db/db group was slow, the length of newly formed epithelium was insufficient, the collagen deposition was disordered, and the wound healing was poor.At 7 days, the expression of CD31 and PCNA was significantly lower in the db/db group (P< 0.01), and at 7 and 14 days, the increase of collagen-IIIα and α-SMA genes up-regulation was significantly lower in the db/db group than in the STZ group.Conclusions Both the two types of diabetic mice show delayed wound healing.However, compared with the STZ-induced diabetic mice, the gene mutation db/db mice are more suitable for studies of diabetic ulcer wound healing as regarding the extent of the delay and the degree of difficulty of wound healing.

Objective To investigate the effect of recombinant human interferon α-2b on influenza virus in vitro.Methods Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 and influenza B/Y virus were inoculated into Vero cells and different concentrations of interferon α-2b and oseltamivir were added.Numbers of virus plaques were observed and calculated,and quantitative RT-PCR were used to assess the inhibitory effect of interferon α-2b and oseltamivir in vitro.The nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes were monitored under fluorescence microscope.Results Virus plaque test showed that influenza A viruses subtype H1N1 were significantly inhibited when 10 μg/μL interferon α-2b and 10 μg/μL oseltamivir were added,and the numbers of plaques were 7.5 × 108 and 15 × 108 PFU/mL,respectively;the inhibitory effect of oseltamivir was better than that of interferon α-2b.Influenza B/Y viruses were also inhibited when 10 μg/μL interferon α-2b and 10 μg/μL oseltamivir were added,and the numbers of plaques were 1.1 × 108 and 1.5 × 108 PFU/mL,respectively.Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that the cycle threshold (CT) values of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 and influenza B/Y virus were much higher when 10 μmol/L interferon α-2b and 10 μmol/L oseltamivir were added.CT values of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 were 16,26 and 35 before and after inferferon α-2b and oseltamivir were added.CT values of influenza B/Y virus were 18,27 and 31 before and after interferon α-2b and oseltamivir were added.Reduction in the nuclear export of viral RNP in influenza A virus subtype H1N1-infected Vero cells was also observed when 10 μmol/L interferon α-2b were added.Conclusion Interferon α-2b has significantly inhibitory effect on both influenza A virus subtype H1N1 and influenza B/Y virus in vitro.

Objective To apply the problem-based learning (PBL) based on the web in the rehabilitation therapy teaching. Methods The 64 students of rehabilitation therapy in grade 2009 and 2010 were taught with selected 3 chapters of physiology, using traditional teaching and PBL based on the web respectively. They were investigated through questionnaire after learning. Results Compared with he traditional teaching, PBL based on the web could improve the interesting of learning, self-study ability, and scope of knowledge. Conclusion PBL based on the web could improve the quality of physiology teaching for students of rehabilitation therapy.

Objective To determine the length of warm ischemic (WI) tolerance in bronchial graft from non-heart-beating donors. Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (each group having 12 rats) according to different WI durations including WI-0 min (group A), WI-30 min (group B), WI-45 min (group C) and WI-60 min (group D). In each group, the tracheae from 6 rats were respectively imbedded in greater omentum of other 6 rats, and 14 days later, the transplanted tracheae were taken from recipients to evaluate epithelial thickness and regeneration. Results Epithelial thickness and the degree of epithelial regeneration had no significant difference (P >0. 05) between the syngeneic control group and the WI-30 minutes group. All of the grafts with WI duration of 45 min were viable, but the epithelium was significantly thinner than that in the syngeneic control group (P<0. 05). However all of the grafts with WI duration of 60 min showed lower viability rate. Conclusion The time limits of tolerance to WI of tracheal grafts from NHBDs may be 45 min.

BACKGROUND: A lot of researches have proved that polyglicolide acid (PGA), as a stent material, has been successfully used to construct engineered tissues, such as cartilage, bone and tendons, in nude mice or even big mammal. Whether the incubation of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in the polyglicolide acid may subcutaneously construct vessel-like structure in nude mice needs a further study.OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of forming vessel-like structure in the nude mice by subcutaneous implantation of polyglicolide acid cocultured with vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells derived from newborn umbilical vein.DESIGN: Contrast study.SETTING: Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University.MATERIALS: This study was performed at Tissue Engineering Key Laboratory, Medical College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January to June 2002. Belly band was derived from newborn babies in our department of obstetrics & gynecology. The parturien provided the informed consent, and this study was approved by the local research ethics committee. Twenty-six nude mice (3-4 weeks old, clean grade, irrespective of gender) were selected in this study. The animal experiment received confirmed consent from the local ethic committee. Polyglicolide acid was provided by Albany International Research Co.METHODS: Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells derived from newborn umbilical vein were incubated on a piece of polyglicolide acid to produce cell-material compound. In addition, the compound covered around the silicone tube to form a tube-like structural substance. Subsequently, the tube-like structural substance was subcutaneously implanted in 20 nude mice, which were regarded as an experimental group. And then, polyglicolide acid alone was subcutaneously transplanted in the rest 6 nude mice, which was regarded as a control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross observations of cell-material compound by 2 and 6 weeks after transplantation;HE staining and immunohistochemical staining.detection; expression of factor Ⅷ and α-smooth muscle actin.RESULTS: Twenty-six nude mice were included in the final analysis. ① Gross observation: At 2 weeks after implantation,both the experimental and control groups formed tubular structures, however, at 6 weeks after implantation, the tubular structure still remained in experimental group but not in the controls. ② Histological observation and immunohistochemical detection: The histological examination of the engineered vessel showed that at 2 weeks, the vessels in both group contained mainly undegraded PGA fibers, while at 6 weeks, the PGA fibers were almost completely degraded in both groups and in the control group only fibrous-like tissue formed. Contrastly, in experimental group a typical vascular structure formed, Masson's trichrome stain, which stains collagen green, smooth muscle fibers red and cells purple, showed significant amounts of stainable collagen and smooth muscle fibers in the wall of the engineered vessel, furthermore,immunohistochemistry examination revealed that there were an endothelial cell layer formed in the inner surface of the engineered vessel which was confirmed by positive staining of yon Willebrand factor, meanwhile, the smooth muscle cells in the wall of the engineered vessel were confirmed by the positive staining of smooth muscle α-actin.CONCLUSION: The subcutaneous implantation of polyglicolide acid cocultured with vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells may form vessels, which are similar to normal vascular histological structure.

Aim To explore the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Liu weiwuling Tablets (LW-WL)in concanavalin A (ConA)induced acute immu-nological liver injury in mice.Methods Mice were randomly divided into control,model,Bicyclol,LW-WL low dose (8 g·kg-1 )and LWWL high dose (16 g ·kg-1 )group.The medicattion was performed once daily for seven consecutive days,then the model of im-munological liver injury was prepared by intravenous injection of ConA (15mg·kg-1)in the tail of mice in each group except for the control group one hour after the last treatment.The pathological changes of liver tissues of mice were evaluated by HE staining with, and the levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT),as-partate aminotransferase (AST),and total bilirubin (TBIL)in serum were analyzed by colorimetric meth-od;the level of interleukin 12 (IL-12 ),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleu-kin 4 (IL-4)and interleukin 10 (IL-10)in liver was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR);the changes of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4)cells were observed by flow cytometric (FCM)analysis;the expression of Th1/Th2 transcrip-tion factor T-bet/GATA-3 in liver tissue was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with normal con-trol group,the serum ALT,AST and TBIL were signif-icantly increased in model group, the pathological damage of the liver tissue was severe,and the necrosis and apoptosis of hepatic cells were large, which showed that the model was successful .Compared with model group,both low and high dose of LWWL could significantly reduce ALT,AST,TBIL levels in serum induced by ConA;Th1 cells in the spleen decreased, while Th2 cells increased;the expressions of IL-12, IFN-γand TNF-αmRNA were significantly inhibited with IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression elevated in mouse liver tissue;the expression of GATA-3 protein was up-regulated,T-bet protein expression showing no significant changes.Conclusion LWWL could regu-late Th1/Th2 balance,thus inhibiting the acute immu-nity hepatic injury induced by ConA.

This paper introduced the implementing process, characteristics and effects of the web research learning of physiology. Research learning based on Web promoted reform of physiology teaching, enhanced ability of self-study, integration and innovative of students