Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by poor survival and lack of targeted therapeutics. In recent years, androgen receptor (AR) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the genesis and development of TNBC. There has been increased interest in the role of AR in TNBC and AR-targeting has been introduced as a novel therapeutic option for TNBC. This review offers an overview of the relationship between AR expression and TNBC, and provides insights into the novel drugs in the development for targeting this signaling pathway.

Objective To explore the expression of methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) in gastric cancer tissues and its role in multi-drug resistance (MDR) in gastric cancer cells.Methods The expression of MeCP2 in 90 gastric cancer tissues and the adjacent normal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between MeCP2 expression level and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.The expression level of MeCP2 in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901,MDR cell variants SGC7901/doxorubicin hydrochloride(ADR) and SGC7901/vincristine(VCR)was determined by Western blot.After the expression of MeCP2 was silenced by short interference RNA (siRNA),half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5-fluorouraeil and cisplatin in gastric cancer cell was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay.The t test or chi square test was performed for statistical analysis.Results The positive rate of MeCP2 expression in gastric cancer tissues was 72.2％ (65/90),which was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (93.3％,84/ 90),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =14.068,P＜0.01).MeCP2 expression was not correlated with age,tumor maximum diameter and lymph node metastasis (all P＞0.05),however which was related to gender,clinical TNM stages and distant metastasis (x2=4.680,4.186 and 4.327;aH P＜ 0.05).The gray scale ratios of MeCP2/β-actin in SGC7901/ADR and SGC7901/VCR were 0.593 7 ± 0.030 5 and 0.651 2 ± 0.018 6,which were lower than that of parental SGC7901 cells (1),and the differences were statistically significant (t =23.080,17.360;both P ＜ 0.01).After the expression of MeCP2 was silenced by siRNA,the IC50 of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in SGC7901 transfected with MeCP2 specific siRNA were (11.540 0±0.469 3) μg/mL and (2.273 0±0.265 4) μg/mL,which were higher than the IC50 of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in SGC7901 transfected with non-related oligonucleotide sequence ((8.663 0±0.160 1) μg/mL and (0.884 0 ±0.038 6) μg/mL),respectively.The differences were statistically significant (t =15.380 and 8.153;both P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The expression of MeCP2 in gastric cancer tissues significantly decreased,which was correlated with clinical stages,distant metastasis.MeCP2 can inhibit the MDR of gastric cancer cell,which indicated the dysregulated expression of MeCP2 might participate in the genesis and development of gastric cancer.

AIM: To confirm the optimum extraction of the total-saponins from Patrinia Villosa Juss. METHODS: Optimum conditions(ethanol concentration,extraction hours,ethanol solution quantity) were determined by the uniform design test,the extract was refined with macropore resin AB-8,and samples were measured colorimetrically at ?=560 nm compared with oleanolic acid as reference substance. RESULTS: The result was 95% ethanol as solvent, extraction time for 1 h adding 8 times amount of ethanol solution at 100 ℃ water bath for two times.under this condition,the total-saponins content was 0.668%,in accordance with the design forecast. CONCLUSION: The optimum extraction technique and purified methods could extract the total-saponins efficiently from Patrinia Villosa Juss.The technique is simple and adapts for production.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of reformed subhibernation therapy on status epilepticus in patients with severe viral encephalitis.Methods 96 children with severe viral encephalitis complicated by status epilepticus were randomly divied into control group and experimental group.Control group: routine treatment was given that includes anticonvulsivus,ice compress and conventional therapy.The anticonvulsivus was applied in five drugs: the same doses of wintermin and phenergan mixed up,10% chlorpromazine hydrochloride,luminal,valii,the drugs were delivered when convulsion occurred otherwise not.Experimental group: in addition to routine treatment reformed subhibernation therapy was given.The anticonvulsivus drug's was delivered in return each 4-6 h according to the drugs half life.And anticonvulsivus drugs were applied for 2 d then gotten off.The clinical manifestation,auxiliary examination and therapeutic efficacy of patients in two groups were observed.Results All of 96 cases were analyzed.The lotal effective rate in experimental group is higher than that in control group(?2=5.872,P

The expression changes of genes associated with adipose metabolism and regulation of cell growth in backfat tissue at five growth stages (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months) of Landrace (a leaner Western breed) and Taihu pigs (a fatty indigenous Chinese breed) were measured by using pathway-focused Oligo microarray. The comparative results between two pig breeds of change ratios showed that the fold changes of 10, 6, 11, 8 and 19 genes were over two times at same month from 1 to 5 months respectively. Variance analysis (ANOVA) revealed that 25 genes in Landrace pigs showed significantly altered in expression among five growth stages (P < 0.05). Principal components analysis (PCA) revealed that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), cathepsin K (CTSK), isocitrate dehydrogenase 2(NADP+) (IDH2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), malic enzyme 1 (ME1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) displayed distinctive expression patterns from other genes, which suggested that these genes may be subject to special regulation during the period from 1 to 5 months. K-means clustering analysis revealed that genes in Landrace pigs which showed up-regulation were mainly related to the positive regulation of fatty acid metabolism and genes in Taihu pigs which showed slight fluctuation were mainly related to the regulation of cell growth. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to verify the microarray data for five modulated genes, and a good positive correlation between the two measures of expression was observed for both two pig breeds at different growth stages. These results highlight some possible candidate genes for porcine carcass and meat quality traits, reveal the expressional disciplinarian of correlative genes and provide some data on which to base further study of the dynamic balance process for fatty acid biogynthesis and hydrolyzation.
Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Species Specificity ; Swine ; classification ; genetics

Objective To explore the theoretical framework and method of community-based rehabilitation assessment for children with cerebral palsy based International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods The system of assessment of community-based rehabilitation was developed based on the theoretical framework ICF, combined with multi-tools and self-compiled work scales.The system was used for 50 rural children with cerebral palsy after 1-year of community-based rehabilitation. Results and Conclusion The system of assessment is applicable for rural community-based rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy, with satisfactory efficacy and compliance.

Objective:To understand the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP) in Changchun, and provide scientific basis for its etiology diagnosis and targeted treatment.Methods:The study subjects included 618 children with clinical diagnosis of SCAP who were hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2019.We collected pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid from children.Virus isolation, bacterial culture, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, PCR/RT-PCR, colloidal gold method and Optochin test were used to detect the antigen, nucleic acid and protein profiles in the specimen.Results:There were more boys than girls in hospitalized children with SCAP.The peak age of onset was 7 to 12 months.Most cases occurred in winter and spring.The highest detection rate of SCAP virus was 56.15%(347/618); 73.49%(255/347) were positive for one virus, among which the top five were respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%), influenza A virus (23.9%), influenza B virus (16.1%), rhinovirus (12.2%) and metapneumovirus (10.2%). Two viruses were positive for 19.88%(69/347); three viruses were positive for 4.32%(15/347); four viruses were positive for 2.31%(8/347). Atypical microbial infections were 29.77%(184/618), of which Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for 95.65%(176/184). Bacterial infections were 17.31%(107/618), mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae(39.25%, 42/107) and Staphylococcus aureus(24.30%, 26/107). The mixed infection of multiple pathogens was 7.61%(47/618), among which the mixed infection rates of Mycoplasma pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumoniae, virus were 40.43% and 34.04%, respectively.High fever, faster breathing, and perioral cyanosis were risk factors for SCAP, with OR and 95% CI of 7.71 and 4.56-13.04, 2.43 and 2.02-2.93, 3.53 and 2.56-4.86, respectively.Viral co-infection occurred in 36.96%(34/92) of complications such as heart failure, toxic encephalopathy, and myocardial damage; Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogens co-infected 35.29% of children with pleural effusion. Conclusion:The pathogens of SCAP in Changchun are mainly viruses notably, respiratory syncytial virus is the dominant pathogen, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.The bacterial pathogen is mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae.High fever, faster breathing, and cyanosis around the mouth are risk factors for severe pneumonia.Multi-pathogen mixed infection is prone to serious complications.

Objective To investigate the effect of capillary electrophoresis﹣based multiplex PCR ( CEMP) in detecting pathogens for children respiratory tract infection,and to provide scientific basis for clin﹣ical diagnosis and treatment rapidly and accurately. Methods The cases were defined according to the na﹣tional monitoring program of febrile respiratory syndrome during the 12th Five﹣Year Plan,and the samples were collected from nasopharyngeal swabs,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of children with respira﹣tory tract infection hospitalized in Changchun Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018. Multi﹣plex PCR amplification was performed by one﹣step method, then PCR products were separated by DNA length size with capillary electrophoresis and pathogens were analyzed by"Genemapper software" software. Detecting pathogens included Influenza A virus (InfA),Human Adenovirus (HADV),Boca virus ( Boca), Human Rhinovirus ( HRV), Novel InfA﹣09H1 ( InfA﹣09H1 ) and Seasonal Influenza virus H3N2 ( InfA﹣H3N2),Parainfluenza virus ( HPIV),Human metapneumonia virus ( HMPV), Influenza B virus ( InfB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp),Chlamydia pneumoniae ( CP),Human Coronavirus ( HCOV),Human Re﹣spiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV). Results The effective detection rate of the CEMP assay was 95. 71%. The positive detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 62. 84% and the mixed infection rate was 9. 61%. The mixed infection was mainly InfA and HRSV. The highest three positive rates were named InfA, HRSV and Mp. The positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher in the 0﹣3 age group than that in older group. Different pathogens were detected in different age groups,and the high﹣occurrence season of respiratory tract infection with virus was from December to March of the next year. InfA﹣09H1 was the main prevalent influenza virus in January,February and March 2017,InfA﹣H3N2 was the main prevalent influenza virus in November and December 2017,and the outbreak of InfB was happened in Changchun in late 2017 and early 2018. HRSV was detected only in the coldest season in Changchun from November to March of the next year. Different pathogens were detected in different respiratory infection. HRSV was the main pathogen detec﹣ted in pneumonia; InfA﹣03H2 and HPIV were the main pathogens detected in acute bronchitis; HRV and InfA were the main pathogens detected in upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion CEMP is an effi﹣cient,rapid and accurate method for the detection of pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections,and it will have a broad application prospect to develop reagents suitable for clinical diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the effect of the resection of the primary lesion on the prognosis for patients with stage Ⅳ breast cancer.Methods:A total of 132 breast cancer patients who were first diagnosed as stage Ⅳ in the Hebei Cancer Hospital from June 2008 to June 2015 were divided into two groups: the primary resection group ( n=85) and the unresection group ( n=47). The influences of primary resection, timing of operation, lymph node removal or dissection and radiotherapy on the prognosis of stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that visceral metastasis was an independent influencing factor for primary lesion resection in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=2.590, 95% CI: 1.090-6.159). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that primary resection was an independent factor for the improvement of prognosis in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=0.582, 95% CI: 0.400-0.847). The median overall survival (OS) was 37.20 months in the resection group, which was higher than 24.10 months in the unresection group ( χ2=8.108, P=0.004). Among patients aged ≥50 years old, the median OS was 39.30 months in the resection group and 23.03 months in the unresection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.191, P<0.001). The median OS was 38.00 months in the 66 patients with the operation time from diagnosis to resection of primary lesion<6 months ( n=66), and 35.20 months for ≥6 months ( n=19) ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035). The median OR of axillary lymph node dissection and axillary lymph node excision group were 45.37 months and 33.44 months, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.832, P=0.005). The median OS of postoperative radiotherapy group and non-radiotherapy group were 44.80 months and 33.20 months, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=2.950, P=0.086). Conclusion:Resection of the primary lesion may prolong the survival time of some advanced breast cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of the resection of the primary lesion on the prognosis for patients with stage Ⅳ breast cancer.Methods:A total of 132 breast cancer patients who were first diagnosed as stage Ⅳ in the Hebei Cancer Hospital from June 2008 to June 2015 were divided into two groups: the primary resection group ( n=85) and the unresection group ( n=47). The influences of primary resection, timing of operation, lymph node removal or dissection and radiotherapy on the prognosis of stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results:Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that visceral metastasis was an independent influencing factor for primary lesion resection in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=2.590, 95% CI: 1.090-6.159). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that primary resection was an independent factor for the improvement of prognosis in stage Ⅳ breast cancer patients ( OR=0.582, 95% CI: 0.400-0.847). The median overall survival (OS) was 37.20 months in the resection group, which was higher than 24.10 months in the unresection group ( χ2=8.108, P=0.004). Among patients aged ≥50 years old, the median OS was 39.30 months in the resection group and 23.03 months in the unresection group, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.191, P<0.001). The median OS was 38.00 months in the 66 patients with the operation time from diagnosis to resection of primary lesion<6 months ( n=66), and 35.20 months for ≥6 months ( n=19) ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=4.430, P=0.035). The median OR of axillary lymph node dissection and axillary lymph node excision group were 45.37 months and 33.44 months, respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.832, P=0.005). The median OS of postoperative radiotherapy group and non-radiotherapy group were 44.80 months and 33.20 months, respectively, the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=2.950, P=0.086). Conclusion:Resection of the primary lesion may prolong the survival time of some advanced breast cancer patients.