Computational analysis can accurately detect drug-gene interactions (DGIs) cost-effectively. However, transductive learning models are the hotspot to reveal the promising performance for unknown DGIs (both drugs and genes are present in the training model), without special attention to the unseen DGIs (both drugs and genes are absent in the training model). In view of this, this study, for the first time, proposed an inductive learning-based model for the precise identification of unseen DGIs. In our study, by integrating disease nodes to avoid data sparsity, a multi-relational drug-disease-gene (DDG) graph was constructed to achieve effective fusion of data on DDG intro-relationships and inter-actions. Following the extraction of graph features by utilizing graph embedding algorithms, our next step was the retrieval of the attributes of individual gene and drug nodes. In this way, a hybrid feature characterization was represented by integrating graph features and node attributes. Machine learning (ML) models were built, enabling the fulfillment of transductive predictions of unknown DGIs. To realize inductive learning, this study generated an innovative idea of transforming known node vectors derived from the DDG graph into representations of unseen nodes using node similarities as weights, enabling inductive predictions for the unseen DGIs. Consequently, the final model was superior to existing models, with significant improvement in predicting both external unknown and unseen DGIs. The practical feasibility of our model was further confirmed through case study and molecular docking. In summary, this study establishes an efficient data-driven approach through the proposed modeling, suggesting its value as a promising tool for accelerating drug discovery and repurposing.

Objective To investigate the consistency between colonoscopic Boston bowel preparation score and the bowel cleanliness evaluated by pre-endoscopy naked eye faecal observation,so as to provide a guidance on bowel preparation.Methods From September 2018 to June 2019,convenience sampling method was used to select 150 inpatients who underwent colonoscopy in the Department of Gastroenterology of a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou as the research objects.Before colonoscopy,the compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder was taken orally according to the bowel preparation plan for cleaning the colorectum.Before the colonoscopic examination,the naked eye observation method by nurses was used to observe the transparency of the excreta to evaluate the cleanliness of colorectum.Then the colorectal cleanliness was evaluated by endoscope by the operator using the Boston bowel preparation assessment scale(BBPS)during colonoscopy.Results A total of 145 patients completed the study.The cleanliness of bowel preparation was 93.1%with the naked eye observation and 88.27%with colonoscopy.There was no significant difference between the two assessment methods in judging the effectiveness of bowel preparation(P<0.05).The sensitivity of naked eye observation in judging bowel preparation was 96.10%with a 29.41%of specificity.The positive predictive value was 91.11%,and the negative predictive value was 50%(Kappa=0.310,P<0.001).Conclusion The naked eye observation and evaluation method for bowel preparation has advantages in high sensitivity,low specificity,high positive predictive value and low negative predictive value.It can be used as a preliminary evaluation method for cleanliness of colorectum before colonoscopy.

Objective:To correlate climate change with epistaxis in Yueqing of Zhejiang province and to provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis.Methods:A total of 1 800 patients with epistaxis, who received treatment in Yueqing People's Hospital between October 2018 and October 2019, were included in this study. The data of these patients were input into the Microsoft Excel software. They were summarized and sorted as per admission time. Climate change was correlated with epistaxis.Results:Daily average temperatures were negatively correlated with epistaxis ( r = -0.65, P = 0.003). A non-linear, inverted-U-shaped relationship was observed between daily relative humidity and epistaxis. When the daily relative humidity was < 65%, daily relative humidity was positively correlated with epistaxis ( r = -0.54, P = 0.007).When the daily relative humidity was > 65%, daily relative humidity was negatively correlated with epistaxis ( r = -0.68, P = 0.002). There was a nearly linear positive correlation between diurnal temperature range and epistaxis ( r = 0.52, P = 0.009). There was a linear and positive correlation between daily average atmospheric pressure and epistaxis ( r = 0.60, P = 0.004). The risk of epistaxis increased by 1.48% (95% CI: -2.15 to -0.81) when the temperature decreased by 1 ℃. When daily relative humidity was < 65%, the effects of humidity change on the risk of epistaxis were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). When the relative humidity of the day was > 65%, the risk of epistaxis decreased by 1.82% (95% CI: -2.71 to -0.93) for every unit of humidity rise. The risk of epistaxis increased by 2.86% (95% CI: 0.54 - 5.18) for every 1 ℃ increase in temperature. The risk of epistaxis increased by 1.18% (95% CI: 0.50 - 1.87) for every 1 Pa increase in air pressure. Conclusion:Temperature change is negatively correlated with epistaxis. Atmospheric pressure and diurnal temperature range are positively correlated with epistaxis. Temperature change, atmospheric pressure, and diurnal temperature have temporary effects on epistaxis. High humidity has an obvious long-term protective effect against epistaxis.

Objective:To analyze the application of video nystagmography in the diagnosis and treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis.Methods:A total of 120 patients with suspected BPPV who received treatment in Yueqing People's Hospital from January to July 2020 were included in this study. There were anterior ( n = 24), posterior ( n = 80) and horizontal semicircular canal ( n = 16) BPPV according to the disease type. The detection rates of anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV by video nystagmography and naked eyes were determined. Therapeutic effects of video nystagmography on three types of BPPV were compared. Results:The diagnostic rates of anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV were 91.68%, 92.50% and 93.75%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2 = 0.06, P > 0.05). The detection rates of anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV by video nystagmography were 91.68%, 92.50% and 93.75% respectively, which were significantly higher than those by naked eyes (58.34%, 78.75%, 56.25%, χ2 = 7.11, 6.14, 3.86, all P < 0.05). After 1 week of treatment, total response rates of anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV were 62.50%, 66.25%, 68.75%, respectively. After 3 months of treatment, total response rates of anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV were 95.83%, 96.25% and 100.00%, respectively. There were no significant differences between anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV after 1 week and 3 months of treatment ( χ2 = 0.18, 0.64, P > 0.05). At 3 months after surgery, the recurrence rates of anterior, posterior and horizontal semicircular canal BPPV were 4.16%, 5.00% and 6.25%, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2 = 0.08, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Video nystagmography is highly effective in the diagnosis and treatment of BPPV. It can accurately judge the occurrence of nystagmus in BPPV and increase the detection rate, which is worthy of clinical application.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are trans-acting small regulatory RNAs that work coordinately with transcription factors(TFs)to shape the repertoire of cellular mRNAs available for translation.Despite our growing knowledge of individual plant miRNAs,their global roles in gene regulatory networks remain mostly unassessed.Based on interactions obtained from public databases and curated from the literature,we reconstructed an integrated miRNA network in Arabidopsis that includes 66 core TFs,318 miRNAs,and 1712 downstream genes.We found that miRNAs occupy distinct niches and enrich miRNA-containing feed-forward loops(FFLs),particularly those with miRNAs as intermediate nodes.Further analyses revealed that miRNA-containing FFLs coordi-nate TFs located in different hierarchical layers and that intertwined miRNA-containing FFLs are associated with party and date miRNA hubs.Using the date hub MIR858A as an example,we performed detailed molecular and genetic analyses of three interconnected miRNA-containing FFLs.These analyses revealed individual functions of the selected miRNA-containing FFLs and elucidated how the date hub miRNA fulfills multiple regulatory roles.Collectively,our findings highlight the prevalence and importance of miRNA-containing FFLs,and provide new insights into the design principles and control logics of miRNA regulatory networks governing gene expression programs in plants.

Genome-wide physical protein-protein interaction(PPI)mapping remains a major chal-lenge for current technologies.Here,we reported a high-efficiency BiFC-seq method,yeast-enhanced green fluorescent protein-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation(yEGFP-BiFC)coupled with next-generation DNA sequencing,for interactome mapping.We first applied yEGFP-BiFC method to systematically investigate an intraviral network of the Ebola virus.Two-thirds(9/14)of known interactions of EBOV were recaptured,and five novel interactions were discovered.Next,we used the BiFC-seq method to map the interactome of the tumor protein p53.We identified 97 interactors of p53,more than three-quarters of which were novel.Furthermore,in a more complex background,we screened potential interactors by pooling two BiFC libraries together and revealed a network of 229 interactions among 205 proteins.These results show that BiFC-seq is a highly sensitive,rapid,and economical method for genome-wide interactome map-ping.

Objective:To explore the application effect of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with mind mapping and situational teaching in cardiology teaching of rural doctors.Methods:Twenty rural doctors of Batch 2017 and 24 rural doctors of Batch 2018 were selected as study subjects, and they were divided into the experimental group (Batch 2018) taught by PBL combined with mind mapping and situational teaching and the control group (Batch 2017) taught by traditional teaching. Classroom tests and questionnaires were used to compare the students' mastery of the teaching content, and the teaching effect and student feedback were evaluated. SPSS 18.0 was performed for t test, rank-sum test and χ2 test. Results:The theoretical results of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). The scores of learning interest and initiative ( Z=-3.606, P<0.001), classroom attraction ( Z=-3.455, P=0.001), understanding ( Z=-3.757, P<0.001) and mastering ( Z=-4.259, P<0.001) in the study effect evaluation of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The satisfaction to teachers about active classroom atmosphere ( χ2=4.556, P<0.05), flexible methods ( χ2=12.813, P<0.05), satisfaction ( P<0.05), theory with practice ( P<0.05), and thinking inspiration ( χ2=21.042, P<0.05) of the experimental group were significantly greater than those of the control group. Conclusion:PBL combined with mind mapping and situational teaching has a good effect on the teaching of cardiology of rural doctors, and it is worthy of promotion in the grassroots.

Objective To investigate the effect of capillary electrophoresis﹣based multiplex PCR ( CEMP) in detecting pathogens for children respiratory tract infection,and to provide scientific basis for clin﹣ical diagnosis and treatment rapidly and accurately. Methods The cases were defined according to the na﹣tional monitoring program of febrile respiratory syndrome during the 12th Five﹣Year Plan,and the samples were collected from nasopharyngeal swabs,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of children with respira﹣tory tract infection hospitalized in Changchun Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018. Multi﹣plex PCR amplification was performed by one﹣step method, then PCR products were separated by DNA length size with capillary electrophoresis and pathogens were analyzed by"Genemapper software" software. Detecting pathogens included Influenza A virus (InfA),Human Adenovirus (HADV),Boca virus ( Boca), Human Rhinovirus ( HRV), Novel InfA﹣09H1 ( InfA﹣09H1 ) and Seasonal Influenza virus H3N2 ( InfA﹣H3N2),Parainfluenza virus ( HPIV),Human metapneumonia virus ( HMPV), Influenza B virus ( InfB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp),Chlamydia pneumoniae ( CP),Human Coronavirus ( HCOV),Human Re﹣spiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV). Results The effective detection rate of the CEMP assay was 95. 71%. The positive detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 62. 84% and the mixed infection rate was 9. 61%. The mixed infection was mainly InfA and HRSV. The highest three positive rates were named InfA, HRSV and Mp. The positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher in the 0﹣3 age group than that in older group. Different pathogens were detected in different age groups,and the high﹣occurrence season of respiratory tract infection with virus was from December to March of the next year. InfA﹣09H1 was the main prevalent influenza virus in January,February and March 2017,InfA﹣H3N2 was the main prevalent influenza virus in November and December 2017,and the outbreak of InfB was happened in Changchun in late 2017 and early 2018. HRSV was detected only in the coldest season in Changchun from November to March of the next year. Different pathogens were detected in different respiratory infection. HRSV was the main pathogen detec﹣ted in pneumonia; InfA﹣03H2 and HPIV were the main pathogens detected in acute bronchitis; HRV and InfA were the main pathogens detected in upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion CEMP is an effi﹣cient,rapid and accurate method for the detection of pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections,and it will have a broad application prospect to develop reagents suitable for clinical diagnosis.

Objective: To understand the clinical features and pathogenic spectrum of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome in children. Methods: A total of 667 cases of children with encephalitis or meningitis diagnosed and documented at Changchun Children′s Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 were enrolled.A variety of samples in diffe-rent types were collected and presented, including 335 cerebrospinal fluid specimens, 530 blood samples, and 332 stool samples.All the samples were collected from the patients within 72 hours on admission.Moreover, these samples are analyzed and tested, including PCR for enterovirus(EV), herpesvirus(HSV), mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid samples; fecal specimens were tested for EV, enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A6 (CA6), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) nucleic acids; degenerate primers to amplify Echovirus 30 (Echo30). Clinical data of children were collected. Results: The peak incidence of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome was from June to August, age distribution was from 0 to 15 years old, the proportion of children aged from 0-6 accounted for 81.41%; the highest proportion was among 0-1 years old infants, occupying 32.38%; 408 males and 259 females; the main symptoms were fever(586 cases), apathy(337 cases), vomiting (307 cases) and headache(203 cases). And clinical signs included drowsiness (103 cases), neck stiffness (71 cases), meningeal irritation (12 cases), and pathological reflex (313 cases), etc.The clinical diagnosis included 272 cases of viral encephalitis, 332 cases of severe hand, foot and mouth disease complicated by encephalitis, 30 cases of bacterial meningitis, and 33 other cases; the etiological detection included: the positive rates of EV, EBV and Echo30 in cerebrospinal fluid specimens were 59.72%, 3.16% and 70.00%, respectively.And EV71, CVA16, CVA6, EV71+ CA16 and EV71+ CVA16+ CVA6 nucleic acids were detected in fecal samples, in which the highest detection rate was EV71(98.96%). Conclusions In Changchun Children′s Hospital, the children with encephalitis and meningitis are mainly viral encephalitis.The main symptoms were fever, apathetic, drowsiness, vomiting and headache.Signs included, neck stiffness, meningeal irritation, and pathological reflexes, etc.The main pathogen of the disease is EV71.

Objective: To investigate the effect of capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR (CEMP) in detecting pathogens for children respiratory tract infection, and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment rapidly and accurately. Methods: The cases were defined according to the national monitoring program of febrile respiratory syndrome during the 12th Five-Year Plan, and the samples were collected from nasopharyngeal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of children with respiratory tract infection hospitalized in Changchun Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018.Multiplex PCR amplification was performed by one-step method, then PCR products were separated by DNA length size with capillary electrophoresis and pathogens were analyzed by "Genemapper software" software.Detecting pathogens included Influenza A virus (InfA), Human Adenovirus (HADV), Boca virus (Boca), Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Novel InfA-09H1 (InfA-09H1) and Seasonal Influenza virus H3N2 (InfA-H3N2), Parainfluenza virus (HPIV), Human metapneumonia virus (HMPV), Influenza B virus (InfB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Human Coronavirus (HCOV), Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV). Results: The effective detection rate of the CEMP assay was 95.71%.The positive detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 62.84% and the mixed infection rate was 9.61%.The mixed infection was mainly InfA and HRSV.The highest three positive rates were named InfA, HRSV and Mp.The positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher in the 0-3 age group than that in older group.Different pathogens were detected in different age groups, and the high-occurrence season of respiratory tract infection with virus was from December to March of the next year.InfA-09H1 was the main prevalent influenza virus in January, February and March 2017, InfA-H3N2 was the main prevalent influenza virus in November and December 2017, and the outbreak of InfB was happened in Changchun in late 2017 and early 2018.HRSV was detected only in the coldest season in Changchun from November to March of the next year.Different pathogens were detected in different respiratory infection.HRSV was the main pathogen detected in pneumonia; InfA-03H2 and HPIV were the main pathogens detected in acute bronchitis; HRV and InfA were the main pathogens detected in upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion CEMP is an efficient, rapid and accurate method for the detection of pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections, and it will have a broad application prospect to develop reagents suitable for clinical diagnosis.