Objective To analyze the correlation between miR-31 and ESCC in expression of miR-31 in the plasma of ESCC in Xinjiang Kazak and Han nationality patients. Methods The plasma samples were collected respectively from patients with ESCC in 20 cases and healthy subjects in 20 cases. The relatively expression of miR-31 was detected by real-time Q-PCR. Results The expression of miR-31 with ESCC were higher than those of the normal control group, which related to the degree of tumor differentiation in Kazak ESCC patients (P < 0.01); the levels of miR-31 relative expression in Kazak were higher than that of Han (P = 0.008, P = 0.027). Conclusion miR-31 may be involved in the occurrence of ESCC in Han and Kazak nationality. miR-31 might be another risk factor in high incidence of ESCC in Kazak than Han nationality.

Objective To explore the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy with small incision combined with balloon dilatation (sEST+EPBD)in the treatment of patients with choledocholithiasis and juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula (JPDD).Methods From January 2011 to January 2015 ,149 patients with choledocholithiasis and JPDD who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP)were enrolled.Among them,60 patients were in sEST+EPBD group and 89 were in endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST)group.Success rate of ERCP and first-time stone removal,changes of total bilirubin (TBil)and direct bilirubin (DBil)levels,as well as the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups were compared.Chi-square test or t-test was performed for statistical analysis. Results The ERCP success rate sEST+EPBD group was 100.0% (60/60),and the first-time success rate of stone removal was 91 .7%(55/60);correspondingly,ERCP success rate of EST group was 98.9%(88/89),and the success rate of first-time stone removal was 77.5 %(69/89).There was no statistically significant difference in success rate of ERCP between the two groups (χ2 =0.19,P =0.410).The first-time success rate of stone removal of sEST +EPBD group was higher than that of EST group,and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =5 .53,P =0.020).After operation,the TBil level of sEST+
EPBD group was (152.62 ±109.04 )μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((266.02 ± 143.31)μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t =4.88,P <0.01 ).After operation, the DBil level of sEST +EPBD group was (87.13 ±65 .90)μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((175 .70 ± 100.53 )μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t = 5 .71 ,P <0.01).After operation,the TBil level of EST group was (251 .90 ±247.90)μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((340.20 ±176.20 )μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.74,P <0.05).After operation,the DBil level of EST group was (168.10±140.60)μmol/L,which was lower than that before operation ((228.40 ±139.60 )μmol/L),and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.87,P = 0.005).The complication rate of sEST + EPBD group after operation was 8.3%(5/60),which was lower than that of EST group (20.2%,18/89 ),and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =3.88,P =0.049 ).Conclusion sEST+EPBD could increase the first-time success rate of stone removal in patients with choledocholithiasis and JPDD,and it is a safe and effective treatment.

OBJECTIVE To analyze 28 cases in an outbreak of neonatal enterovirus nosocomial infection during summer of 2006.METHODS Demographic characteristics,clinical manifestations,laboratory data and outcome were analyzed to reveal the clinical severity.RESULTS The outbreak lasted more than one month and the nosocomial infection rate increased to 6.4%.There were 22 cases(78.6%) first presented with fever.Half of the patients were detected enterovirus from blood or cerebrospinal fluid by PCR.All of the 28 cases were diagnosed enterovirus infection based on the contact history,clinical signs and laboratory results.Among them,ten cases had viral meningitis.All patients discharged home after hospitalization with no sequelae.CONCLUSIONS Although this group of neonatal enterovirus infection developed viral meningitis,they had relatively mild illness with benign clinical course.Extreme vigilance is required in interrupting the spread of nosocomial enterovirus infections in neonatal units.This includes respect of strict hygiene measures and meticulous hand-washing.

BACKGROUND:With the application and development of 3D printing technology in medicine,orthopedic internal fixation surgery has become precise and individualized.The equal-scale fracture model obtained by 3D printing technology was simulated and planned before surgery,realizing the leap from traditional 2D images to more vivid and detailed three-dimensional objects.It allows the surgeon to understand the fracture type in advance and rehearse the reduction sequence,so as to realize the individualized implementation of fracture surgery,optimize the surgical process,bring better postoperative recovery and less surgical complications. OBJECTIVE:To compare clinical efficacy of three 3D printed models combined with computerized virtual repositioning technology to assist incision reduction bone plate internal fixation and traditional incision reduction bone plate internal fixation in the treatment of Robinson II B2 clavicle fracture. METHODS:Eighty patients with Robinson II B2 clavicle fracture were randomly divided into trial group(n=40)and control group(n=40).In the trial group,three kinds of 3D printing models(affected clavicle fracture model,computer simulation clavicle fracture reduction model,clavicle mirror model of healthy side)combined with computer virtual reduction technology were used for preoperative in vitro surgery rehearsal.Finally,3D printing was used for clavicle mirror model of healthy side to advance bending and select bone plates for internal fixation.In the control group,open reduction plate internal fixation was applied.The time from admission to surgery,intraoperative blood loss,operation time,frequency of fluoroscopy,number of bends of the bone plate,fracture healing time,complications,and visual analog scale score and Constant score before and after surgery were compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The time from admission to operation in the trial group was greater than that in the control group(P<0.05).Operation time,intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency and bending times of the bone plate in the trial group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The trial group had faster fracture healing and fewer complications(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss between the two groups(P>0.05).Constant score of the two groups had an increasing trend with time(F=613.50,P<0.001),but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant(F=0.08,P=0.78),and there was no interaction between the measurement times and the group assignment(F=0.27,P=0.66).The visual analog scale score decreased with time(F=1 149.55,P<0.001),but there was no significant difference between groups(F=0.02,P=0.88),and there was no interaction between the number of measurements and the group assignment(F=1.02,P=0.36).The results show that the use of 3D printed model combined with computer virtual reduction technology for preoperative rehearsal can shorten the operation time,reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency and the times of bone plate bending,and have the advantages of faster fracture healing,fewer complications,and similar functional recovery to the traditional incision reduction bone plate internal fixation.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between neuropeptide S (NPS) in the amygdala and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and GABA in spinal dorsal horns of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Eighty pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-260 g,aged 2 months,were divided into 4 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group Sham),neuropathic pain group (group NP),low dose NPS group (group L-NPS) and high dose NPS group (group H-NPS).The neuropathic pain model was established by left L5,6 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in anesthetized rats.NPS was injected into the bilateral amygdala at 3,6,9,12,15 and 18 days after SNL in LNPS group (10 pmol per side) and H-NPS group (100 pmol per side).The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 2 days before SNL and 1,4,7,11,14,17 and 21 days after SNL.Five rats were selected at 7,14 and 21 days after SNL and sacrificed,and the lumbar segment (L5) of the spinal cord was removed for detection of the expression of 5-HT and GABA in spinal dorsal horns by immunofluorescence histochemistry.Results Compared with group Sham,the MWT was significantly decreased,the TWL was shortened,and the expression of 5-HT and GABA in spinal dorsal horns was down-regulated in NP,L-NPS and H-NPS groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased,the TWL was prolonged,and the expression of 5-HT and GABA in spinal dorsal horns was up-regulated in L-NPS and H-NPS groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group L-NPS,the MWT was significantly increased,the TWL was prolonged,and the expression of 5-HT and GABA in spinal dorsal horns was up-regulated in group H-NPS (P＜0.05).Conclusion The spinal mechanism of endogenous analgesia induced by NPS in the amygdala may be related to up-regulation of the expression of 5-HT and GABA in spinal dorsal horns of rats with neuropathic pain.