Objective:To clarify the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and the clinicopathologic features of primary lung adenocarcinomas in Xinjiang.Methods:The mutations of EGFR gene at exons 18 -21 in 59 cases (including 15 cases of Uighur and 44 cases of Han) of lung adenocarcinoma tissues,which were obtained from surgical resection,were detected by amplifica-tion refractory mutation system (ARMS)method.And the relationships among mutations,race and clini-copathologic features were analyzed.Results:The frequencies of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma were 20% for Uighur,which was lower than that in Han (54.5%),P <0.05.The deletion mutations at exon 19 were seen in 2 of 15 Uighur cases and 9 of 44 Han cases.EGFR mutations were present,inclu-ding exon 21 L858R in one Uighur case and 12 Han cases,exon 18 G719X in two of 44 cases of Han, exon 21 L861Q in one of them.On histological type,the frequencies of EGFR mutation in alveolar pre-dominant adenocarcinoma was 71% (22 /31),which was higher than both that in solid predominant and mucinous carcinoma (6.7%,20% respectively).According to statistic analysis,EGFR mutations were without correlation with the patient’s gender,age,location,gross type,smoking status and lymph node metastasis(P >0.05).EGFR mutation was more frequent in well-differentiated cancer,mainly in acinar carcinoma,while poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucous adenocarcinoma were lower.Conclu-sion:There was a difference of EGFR mutation in primary lung adenocarcinoma between Uighur and Han in Xinjiang,perhaps reflecting ethnic genetic variation,which is worth further analyzing.EGFR mutation was commonly detected in well or middle differentiated adenocarcinoma,mainly in acinar carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the echinoderm microtubule associated protein like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and overall survival (OS) in Uygur patients with stageⅣnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who did not accept tyrosine kinase inhibitor treat-ment. Methods Totally 97 tissue samples were collected from Uygur patients with stageⅣNSCLC who did not accept tyro-sine kinase inhibitor treatment. EML4-ALK fusion gene and EGFR mutation status were detected by using FISH and ARMS methods. The survival rates were analysed. Results In 97 tissue samples, EML4-ALK fusion genes were found in 6 (6.2%) samples, EGFR mutations were found in 26 (26.8%) samples. The survival analysis showed that there was no significant dif-ference in OS between EML4-ALK fusion gene group and no EML4-ALK fusion gene group (P=0.941). There was no signifi-cant difference in OS between EGFR mutation group and wild-type EGFR group (P=0.607). The values of median OS were 17.7 months, 17.3 months and 16.2 months for EGFR mutant group, EML4-ALK positive group and EML4-ALK negative+EGFR wild-type group, and thre was no significant difference between them (P=0.915). Conclusion Excluding the thera-peutic influence in TKIs, EML4-ALK fusion gene and EGFR mutation status of tumor tissue can not be used as an indepen-dent factor in assessing the prognosis in Uygur patients with stageⅣNSCLC.

Objective To study the antitumor effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT)treated by ovarian cancer cell lysates in rat epithelial ovarian cancer in vivo. Methods Female Fischer344 rats of 6 -8 weeks were allocated to four groups ( n = 8 each) : PDT group ( inoculated intraperitoneal with PDT tumor cell lysates), freeze/thaw group ( inoculated intraperitonealy with freeze-thaw tumor cell lysates), normal saline group (inoculated intraperitoneal with normal saline) and control group. Rat epithelial ovarian cancer NuTu19 cells were injected into all rats by intraperitoneal at day 7,while injected with normal saline in control group. The number of tumor specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secreting splenocytes was quantified by enzyme linked immunospot(ELISPOT) assay, the cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) activity of splenocytes was measured by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) analysis and tumor growth and the survival time of rats were also observe& Results Stimulated by PDT tumor cell lysates, the number of tumor specific IFN-γ secreting splenocytes in PDT group, freeze/thaw group, normal saline group and control group were 448. 8±34. 2, 211.2±47.9,43.3 ± 11.1,16.1 ± 2.4 respectively, which were significant differences among of them ( P < 0.05). Stimulated by freeze/thaw tumor cell lysates, the number of tumor specific IFN-γ, secreting splenocytes in four groups were 151.7 ± 22.6,188.7 ± 53.0, 18.2 ± 12.2,8.8 ± 7.7 respectively, which were not significant differences among of them ( P>0.05 ). Cytotoxicity of splenocytes of PDT group increased significantly than that in other three groups(P <0.05). Except rats in control group were all alive until the experiment ended, the mean survival time of other rats were 234 d in PDT group, 171 d in freeze/ thaw group and 168 d in normal saline group, which in PDT group was significantly higher than those in freeze/thaw group and normal saline group ( P<0.05 ). Conclusions Rats treated by PDT tumor cell lysates could produce antitumor effects in vivo, which shown that induce tumor-specific immune response and prolong the life span.

Objective: To investigate the amino acids metabolism of gastric cancer cells in D-methionine(D-Met) medium.Methods: Six gastric cancer cell lines were respectively cultured with L-methionine(L-Met),D-Met,or without methionine(Met-) medium.Amino acids profile of every culture medium was measured by HPLC after 5 days. Results: Methionine concentration of six cell lines in Met medium was significantly lower than that in L-Met or D-Met medium(P

Objective:To study the expression of D-amino acid oxidase(DAO) in gastric cancer cells and gastric mucosa cells. Methods:The expression of DAO was detected in seven gastric cancer cell lines and a normal gastric mucosa cell line GES-1 by real-time quantitative PCR and in tumor tissues and normal gastric mucous tissues of 46 patients with gastric cancer by RT-PCR.The liver and kidney tissues of nude mouse acted as positive controls.Results:DAO was expressed in the liver and kidney tissues of nude mouse,and DAO expression in kidney tissue was higher than that in liver tissue.DAO was not detected in seven gastric cancer cell lines and the normal gastric mucosa cell line GES-1.Except one tumor tissue sample,DAO was not detected in other gastric cancer tissues and all normal mucosa tissues.Conclusion:DAO was not expressed in gastric cancer cells and gastric mucosa cells.The nutritional treatment of D-Met in place of L-Met could avoid the disadvantage of methionine starvation to important organs,such as liver and kidney.

Objective To investigate the incidence, influencing factors and intervention of gestrinone-related abnormal uterine bleeding at different dosage of gestrinone in the clinical treatment. Methods This was a multicenter, randomized, control study of 195 Chinese women with endometriosis or adenomyosis from June 2011 to November 2013. The subjects were randomized into three groups with oral administration of gestrinone, 2.5 mg dose at one time;twice a week group:67 cases with oral administration twice a week last three months;double dose first month group:67 cases with oral administration triple times a week at first month, then twice a week for two months; three times a week group: 61 cases with oral administration three times a week last three months. The improvement of the abnormal uterine bleeding, the changes in estrogen, liver function and blood coagulation were evaluated. At the same time, B-ultrasound examination evaluation were performed. Results (1) Three months later, the incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding in twice a week group was 30%(20/67), in double dose first month group and three times a week group were 7%(5/67) and 16%(10/61) respectively, there were significant difference between three groups (P<0.05). The incidence in double dose first month group was the most lower. (2) Univariate analysis showed that the dosage and ovarian size were the significant factors for abnormal uterine bleeding (OR=0.461, P=0.003; OR=0.303, P=0.016); logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding in double dose first month group was the lowest when compared with twice a week group and three times a week group, the risk in twice a week group was 5-fold higher than that in double dose first month group (OR=0.211,P=0.011). The incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding in participants with abnormal ovarian volume results from ovarian cyst or ovarian surgery was significantly lower than those with normal ovarian volume (OR=0.304, P=0.018). (3) After the treatment of three months, there were no significant difference in alanine transaminase level between the groups (P>0.05). The body mass index significantly increased in three group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). As for blood coagulation, there were also no significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Double dose of gestrinone in the first month could significantly decrease the incidence of gestrinone-related abnormal uterine bleeding. It is a more optimied dosage of gestrinone and without severe side effects. Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, registration number: ChiCTR- TRC-12002327.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of high expression of recombinant trichosanthin (rTCS) on the cell proliferation and cell cycle of human cervical cancer Caski cells.

METHODEukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1(-)/6His-TCS was constracted and stably transfected into Caski cells. RT-PCR,Western-blot were used to select the clones with rTCS high-expressing. Using pcDNA3.1(-)-transfected cells as the control, MTT assay and flowcytometry were used to elucidate the effects of rTCS high expression on cell growth and cycle regulation in Caski cells.

RESULTThe Caski cells with stable high expression of rTCS was successfully established, which could inhibit the cell growth (P<0.01) and arrest Caski cells in G1 and G2 phases (P<0.05) obviously.

CONCLUSIONHigh expression of rTCS can inhibit the growth of Caski cervical cancer cells, which might provide a new pathway for the therapy of cervical cancer.

Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Transfection ; methods ; Trichosanthin ; pharmacology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the difference in intestinal flora among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal population and to provide a basis for the early diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma as a marker. Methods DNA was extracted from biopsy tissue samples of 30 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (observation group) and 25 healthy people (control group) by microbial amplification sequencing. The integrity and quality of DNA were detected. The composition and abundance of intestinal flora in the samples of the two groups were determined. Results A great similarity in beta diversity was found between the two groups, but some differences were also observed. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Megamonas in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P=0.025). Conclusion Strengthening the study on the changes in intestinal flora among patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma may be of great significance for its prevention and treatment.

Purpose: To accelerate magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) by developing a flexible deep learning reconstruction method. Materials and Methods: Synthetic data were used to train a deep learning model. The trained model was then applied to MRF for different organs and diseases. Iterative reconstruction was performed outside the deep learning model, allowing a changeable encoding matrix, i.e., with flexibility of choice for image resolution, radiofrequency coil, k-space trajectory, and undersampling mask. In vivo experiments were performed on normal brain and prostate cancer volunteers to demonstrate the model performance and generalizability. Results: In 400-dynamics brain MRF, direct nonuniform Fourier transform caused a slight increase of random fluctuations on the T2 map. These fluctuations were reduced with the proposed method. In prostate MRF, the proposed method suppressed fluctuations on both T1 and T2 maps. Conclusion The deep learning and iterative MRF reconstruction method described in this study was flexible with different acquisition settings such as radiofrequency coils. It is generalizable for different In vivo applications.

Objective:To compare clinicopathologic parameters of uncommon mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and preliminary therapeutic effects of EGFR-TKI treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods:We collected clinico-pathological data from 29 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who carry uncommon mutations of EGFR, which were pathological-ly confirmed in the Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, from January 2012 to April 2016. Then we analyzed the re-lationship between the clinicopathologic characteristics of uncommon mutations and therapeutic effects of EGFR-TKIs. Results:Among the 29 cases of patients with uncommon mutations, the most common distant metastasis organs were ipsilateral/contralateral lung tissue, bone, brain, liver, and adrenal gland;the most common metastatic lymph nodes were hilar lymph node, supraclavicular/subclavian lymph node, neck-root lymph node, and mediastinal lymph node. In seldom mutations, 16 cases of single mutation were found:5 cases of L861Q, 5 cases of G719X, 4 cases of 20ins, and 2 cases of S768I. By contrast, 11 cases of double mutations were found:4 cases of S768I and 20ins, 1 case of double mutation of L858R and S768I, 1 case of double mutation of 19Del and T790M, 2 cases of double mutations of L861Q and G719X, 1 case of 19Del and S768I, 1 case of 20ins and G719X, and 1 case of T790M and G719X. Moreover, 2 cases of triple mutation were found:1 case of L858R, L861Q, and G719X;1 case of S768I, 20ins, and G719X. The objective response rate (ORR) of the first-line EGFR-TKI therapy was 43.75%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 50%, and the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 5.5 months. Furthermore, the ORR of the second-line EGFR-TKI therapy was 28.57%, the DCR was 42.85%, and the mPFS was 4 months. Moreover, the ORR of the third-line EGFR-TKI therapy was 33.33%, the DCR was 50.00%, and the mPFS was 2.67 months. Conclusion:Great individual differences were found on EGFR uncommon mutations for effective rate and sur-vival time of EGFR-TKI treatment;in general, ORR and mPFS of EGFR seldom mutations were lower than classical mutations and partly higher than wild types. The first-line therapeutic effects of EGFR-TKI therapy was slightly better than the second-line or third-line thera-peutic effects;however, no significant statistical difference was observed .