Objective To explore the relationships between loneliness and sleep quality of undergraduates.Methods 751 undergraduates were investigated by UCLA Loneliness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index( PSQI).Results (1) No gender,grade and origin differences on loneliness were found,but non-only child undergraduates(43.09±7.22)felt lonely more than only-child undergraduates(41.37±8.38)(t=2.95,P=0.003).(2) No gender,grade and yes or no only child differences on the total score of PSQI were found,but undergraduates come from country (5.00±2.68)scored higher than those from city(4.59±2.79)(t＝2.019,P＜0.05).(3)Loneliness had significant positive correlations with the total score on the PSQI and the six components(except sleep duration)(r=0.12～0.27,P＜0.05～0.01).Lonely(5.72±3.25,1.20±0.93,1.09±0.70,0.23±0.64,1.64±0.93)and non-lonely undergraduates (4.63±2.56,0.99±0.79,0.96±0.53,0.08±0.37,1.39±0.85)differ significantly in total score of PSQI,sleep latency,sleep disturbance,sleep medication and daytime dysfunction(t=2.096～3.681,P＜0.05～0.001).Conclusion Loneliness of undergraduates maybe influence their sleep quality.

The characteristic of atypical atrial flutter episodes on electrocardiogram is different from the typical atrial flutter.Due to the poor diagnosis awareness about atypical atrial flutter,which is easily misdiagnosed as other arrhythmia,for example sinus arrhythmia,atrial fibrillation,and Ⅲ °atrioventricular block.Here we reported a case of atypical atrial flutter in child.In addition to the characteristics of typical atrial flutter,such as regular and more fixed atrial rhythm,fluctuated ventricular rate,faster atrial rate than the ventricular rate,the patient was found equipotential line,slow atrial rate,and uprighted F wave on the inferior wall leads and V 1 lead of electrocardiogram,which were different from typical atrial flutter.

Objective To explore the characteristics of approach and avoidance behaviors among subthreshold depressed adolescents. Methods 27 subthreshold depressed adolescents and 29 healthy con?trol teenagers completed the approach?avoidance task,and the reaction time at approach and avoidance task of the two groups was compared. At the same time,their differences were analyzed between the two groups on the Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale scores. Results ( 1 ) Subthreshold depression group (1208.18±338.92)ms) had significantly longer reaction time than those in healthy control group((1058.40 ±204.22)ms) when approaching happy expression ( t=2.02, P<0.05). (2) Subthreshold depression group (37.33±4.46) had significantly lower behavioral activation system scale scores than those in healthy control group ((39.76±3.75), t=-2.21, P<0.05); and the score of reward responsiveness was marginally signifi?cant lower in subthreshold depression group (12.63±1.67) than that in healthy control group ((13.41± 1.30), t=-1.97, P=0.054). Conclusion To activate the approach behaviors of subthreshold depression adolescents may be helpful for reducing the symptoms of depression.

Objective To explore the relationship between subjective well-being (SWB) and behavioral inhibition/activation system (BIS/BAS) of older adults.Methods Using cluster sampling method and convenient random sampling method respectively for older adults in the nursing home and living home,we got 185 older subjects; then using BIS/BAS scale and SWB scale to test 185 older adults by oral questionnaire interviews face to face.Results (1) The SWB average score was 27.39±10.96,the BIS average score was 11.29±4.30,the BAS average score was 32.96±9.13.The SWB of older adults had a significant difference between older adults in the nursing (29.81±9.91) and living home (25.09± 11.47) (t=-2.69,P＜0.01).The negative experience of SWB had significant differences between older adults in the nursing (4.25±3.37) and living home (4.25±3.37) (t=3.58,P＜0.01),and also between males (4.25±3.37) and females (5.91±3.83) (t=-1.96,P＜0.05).The BAS fun seeking had a significant gender difference (t=2.05,P＜0.05),which was higher in males (12.60±3.48) than in females (11.40±3.67).(2) BAS was positively correlated with SWB (r=0.40,P＜0.01),and BIS was negatively correlated with SWB (r=-0.40,P＜0.01).(3) The BAS drive could forecast the 19％ variance of SWB.Conclusion BIS/BAS are correlated with SWB for older adults and the BAS drive is one of factors contributing to the SWB of older adults.

Objective To explore the reliability and validity of driver coping questionnaire (DCQ) Chinese version. Methods Three hundred and forty drivers were investigated at random by DCQ and positive affect nagative affect scale (PANAS). Results Four factors were extracted, namely active appraisal and coping, confrontive coping, emotion-focused coping and avoidance coping. The correlation coefficients between the questionnaire and the four factors were 0.317 ～ 0. 813 (P ＜ 0.01 ), and the correlation coefficients among the four factors were 0.057 ～0.294. Positive appraisal and coping were correlated with PA positively( r=0. 171, P＜0. 01 ) ,and with NA negatively( r= -0. 349, P＜0.01 ),and the other three coping styles were positively correlated with NA( r=0. 242 ～0.262, P＜0.01 ). The split-half reliability was 0.734,the Cronbach α coefficients of the total questionnaire and four factors were 0. 807,0. 890,0. 621,0. 571and 0. 687 respectively. Conclusion DCQ Chinese version has good reliability and validity, and is an effective instrument to test drivers' coping behavior.

Objective To explore the characters of behavioral inhibition/activation systems in clinical depressed adolescents.Methods According to CCMD-3 diagnostic criteria,46 depressed adolescents and 35 healthy adolescents were selected and assessed by Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale,Beck Depression Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.Results (1) Compared with subgroup of mixed depression-anxiety (15.84 ± 2.36),depression only subgroup (13.70 ± 1.72) and control group (12.71 ± 2.55) scored higher in BIS (P＜0.01).And the two depressed subgroups (34.00 ± 4.94,35.88 ± 6.80)scored lower than control group (39.11 ± 5.06) in BAS (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with healthy controls (39.11 ± 5.06),depressed adolescents in first-episode(15.28 ± 1.56) and recurrent (14.96 ±2.63) scored higher in BIS(P＜0.01).Adolescents in recurrent (34.58 ± 6.63) scored lower in BAS(P ＜ 0.01).(3) Compared with healthy controls,medication (15.30 ±2.48) and unmedicated depressed adolescents(14.60 ± 1.82) scored higher in BIS(P ＜ 0.01).Medication adolescents (34.52 ± 5.78) scored lower in BAS (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The BIS/BAS of depressed adolescents have their characters.BIS reflects mixed depression and anxiety.BAS reflectsdepression and may be a vulnerable index of clinical depression.

Objective To investigate the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) on the psychological healthy state among high school students in the earthquake regions.Method The samples were consisted of 666 high school students who had experienced the Wenchuan Earthquake.The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Self Description Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to rate symptoms of PTSD and psychological states of high school students.Data were analyzed using correlation analysis and structural equation model analysis for male or female separately.Results (1) Because their scores of IES-R were higher than 35,22.67％ participants were considered as PTSD patients,girls accounted for 83 or 25.31％ of the total female;and boys accounted for 68 or 21.72％ of the total male.(2) Among female,avoid and awake systems of PTSD were correlated significantly with their psychological state significantly (r=0.101-0.181,P＜0.05).The result of structural equation model analysis was similar to correlation analysis,corresponding coefficients of path ranged 0.11 to 0.18 (P＜0.05).(3) Among male,intrude and awake systems were correlated with their psychological state significantly (r=0.111-0.313,P＜0.05).Corresponding coefficients of path ranged from 0.11 to 0.31 (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Systems of PTSD effect clearly on the psychological state of high school students,and there are the gender difference among these relationships.The symptoms of PTSD influence interpersonal relationships,emotion,conduct,appearance and self-evaluation,but school work and stamina are not influenced in this study.

Objective To examine the amplitude differences of feedback related negativity ( FRN) and P300 among people with different levels of behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation sys-tem( BAS) in feedback stage in a conflict experimental paradigm.Methods According to Behavioral Inhibi-tion/Activation System Scale,the undergraduates were divided into high score or low score groups of BIS and BAS.Using event related potential (ERP) method,feedback related negativity (FRN) and P300 were col-lected and analyzed when they performed a conflict experimental paradigm which had correct or wrong feed-back.Results (1)The amplitudes of FRN(FRN for error feedback:(6.61±1.02)μV,FRN for correct feedback:(7.52±1.15)μV, F(1,20)=5.73, P=0.027)and P300(P300 for error feedback:(14.24±1.09)μV, P300 for correct feedback:(11.58±1.21)μV, F(1,20)=16.72, P=0.001) in BAS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback.( 2) The amplitudes of FRN in BIS high and low score groups were significantly higher in error feedback(FRN for error feedback:(6.63±1.22)μV,FRN for correct feed-back:(8.22±1.24)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).(3) The amplitude of P300 in BIS low score group was higher than that in BIS high score group (BIS low score group:(15.66±1.13)μV,BIS high score group:(11.10±1.04)μV, F(1,22)=17.35, P<0.01).Conclusion BIS and BAS not only relate to approach and a-voidance motivation,but also closely relate to cognitive regulation.

Objective To explore the relationships between cognitive emotion regulation and behavioral inhibition system(BIS)/behavioral activation system (BAS) of adolescents.Methods Seven hundreds forty-two adolescents were tested by Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System Scale(BIS/BAS Scale) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire Chinese version (CERQ-C).Results (1) Maladaptive emotion regulation,such as selfblame,rumination,catastrophizing and blame others were positively corrected with BIS (r =0.13 ～ 0.38,P ＜0.01).But adaptive ER had no significantly correlations with BIS (r =-0.05,P ＞ 0.05).Maladaptive emotion regulation was positively correlated with BAS (r =0.24,P ＜ 0.01),and adaptive emotion regulation was negatively correlated with BAS(r =-0.028,P＜ 0.01).(2)Except acceptance,BIS/BAS had significant effect on the other eight cognitive emotion regulation(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion BIS/BAS are closely related with cognitive emotion regulation,and have important influences on selection of adolescents'cognitive emotion regulation.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationships of driving coping styles with driving behaviors and road accidents of drivers.MethodsThree hundreds and thirty-seven drivers were randomly surveyed by Driving Coping Questionnaire ( DCQ),Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ).Results ( 1 ) Except avoidance coping style,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping were correlated positively with the three driving behaviors ( r =0.18 ～ 0.56,P ＜ 0.01 ),and positive appraisal coping had negatively correlations with them (( r =-0.34 ～-0.41,P＜0.01 ).(2)Positive appraisal coping,confrontive coping and emotion-focused coping could predict 33.5％ of error behaviors and 23.5％ of slip behaviors.And confrontive coping and positive appraisal coping could predict 40.2％ of speeding and violation behaviors.(3) Compared with safety drivers,accident drivers had significantly differences in confrontive coping in mild and moderate crashes( t=-2.75,2.80,P＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionDriving coping styles are the important factors influencing drivers' behaviors and road safety.