ObjectiveTo optimize the extraction technology of the active component,rosmarinic acid,an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid,in perilla oil meal for the first time by a new homogenizing technology called smashing tissue extraction (STE).MethodsOrthogonal design was used to optimize the extraction condition.The content of rosmarinic acid was quantified from the methanol crude extract with the help of HPLC.ResultsThe optimization of STE process to get rosmarinic acid from the perilla oil meal was the ratio of liquid to solid material at 10∶1 and the power of extraction at 150 V,extracting twice (2 min for each time).ConclusionSTE could be applied to extracting the active ingredients from the oil meals due to its high extraction efficiency.This new homogenizing technology has advantages on saving extraction time,raising extraction efficiency,and maintaining the temperature sensitive constituents.

As a series of and continuous publication,the papers published on Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs in 2010 were selectively and briefly highlighted to reflect the new progress on modern research of Chinese herbal medicines.Within 617 articles,chemical constituents (127),pharmaceutics and technology (149),pharmacological studies and clinical observation,and medicinal materials are still major categories.Some comments have also been personally provided.

AIM　To analyze the hydrolyzable tannins chebulinic acid (I) and chebulagic acid(II) in Fructus Chebulae and its confusion varieties by using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. METHODS　Using a capillary (375 μm OD×50 μm ID; 81.5 cm×61.5 cm) and a power supply set at 24 kV, with phosphate-borate buffer containing 20 mmol*L-1 Na2HPO4-60 mmol*L-1 boric acid and a UV detector at 280 nm, sample solution was loaded in decompression mode at the positive end of the capillary, the loading time was 5 s. RESULTS　The linear ranges of I and II were 0.0842-0.842 and 0.0940-0.940 mg*mL-1 respectively, the correlation coefficient were 0.9966 and 0.9957, the average recoveries were 95.6% (RSD=4.0%, n=5) and 95.0% (RSD=4.4%, n=5), the RSDs (n=5) of measurement precision test were 2.2% and 1.7%, the RSDs (n=6) of reproduction test were 5.4% and 4.0% respectively. The contents of I and II were obviously interrelated with the variety and characteristics of Fructus Chebulae, the contents of I and II in the confusion varieties of Fructus Chebulae were very low. CONCLUSION　It is suitable to use I and II as the criterion in quality evaluation of Fructus Chebulae, and the HPCE method is effective for quality evaluation of the crude Fructus Chebulae.

Objective To optimize the extract technology of active lignins from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis.Methods The content of schizandrin,gomisin A,and deoxyschizandrin were selected as standards to evaluate the efficiency of smashing tissue extraction (STE).Solid-liquid ratio,extracting times,ethanol concentration,and extracting time were investigated through orthogonal test.Results The optimized conditions for STE were ten times amount of 80％ EtOH,extracting for three times,and 2 min for each time.Conclusion STE could obtain relatively higher yield,simplicity of operation,and benefit for environment protection.It could be better choice for the extraction ofS.chinensis.

The papers in the journal of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs in Vol.40,2009 are briefly reviewed in thecategories of chemical constituents,preparations and technologies,analysis and quality control,pharmacologicaland clinical studies,reviews,and finally healthy principles.Some comments,especially for hot topics have beenpersonally provided.

Sankezhen (Berberidis Radix) is a traditional Chinese materia medica,cold in nature and bitter in taste,for treating syndromes of liver,stomach,and large intestinal meridians,in which berberine and berbamine are the major pharmacological components.Sankezhen has been readmitted in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 following the 1977 version as the roots of Berberis spp.e.g.B.soulieana,B.wilsonae,B.poiretii,B.vernae,etc.Recent studies showed that Berberis spp.were potential phytomedicines with multiple spectrums therapeutic effects and various pharmaceutical parts.Here we reviewed Sankezhen in traditional use and phytochemistry,and its major active components berberine and berbamine with potential bioactivities recently discovered,such as antitumor,antidiabetic,antihyperlipidemic,anti-arrhythmic,and neuro-protective activities.It is necessary to mature the quality assessment of Sankezhen as a new admission of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010.Other parts of Berberis spp.should be investigated to better develop this herb in medicinal usage.

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of Taxus x media by using the contents of Paclitaxel and 10-deacetylbaccatin(10-DAB),two representative active diterpene alkaloids of taxane type from T.x media,as evaluation standard.Methods The smashing tissue extraction(STE)of Paclitaxel and 10-DAB from T.x media,was investigated by comparing with ultrasonic extraction(UE)which was one of the modern technologies of extraction.Results STE was more efficient than UE,and the contents of 10-DAI3 and Paclitaxel in the extracts obtained by STE were higher than those by UE.Conclusion STE is a fast,high-performance,and energy-saving technology for the extraction of diterpene alkaloids of taxane type.STE also provides a simple,component-safe,workable,and highly efficient method for the extraction of active natural product.

Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds (OCPS) by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard. Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS,the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press, by smashing tissue extraction (STE), the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction (LE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction (SFE). For optimized condition of STE, orthogonal test was designed and completed. The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC. Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio. The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows:a-linolenic acid (41.12%-51.81%), linoleic acid (15.38%-16.43%), oleic acid (18.93%-27.28010), stearic acid (2.56%-4.01%), and palmitic acid (7.38%-10.77%). Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield (LE:0.57%; SE:1.03%; UE:0.61%; SFE:0.8(r; STE:1.17%) and shortest time (LE:720 min; SE:360 min; UE:30 min; SFE:120 min; STE:1.5 min) among five tested extraction technologies. It is fast reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.

AIM　The purpose is to examine the chemical constituents in the fruits of Terminalia chebula. METHODS　Using combined chromatographies over silica gel, Diaion HP-20, Toyopearl HW-40 and MCI gel CHP -20P to purify the constituents of Terminalia chebula, and identifying their structures on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence were purified. RESULTS　Twenty one hydrolyzable tannins and related polyphenols were characterized, here reports eight of them: 2,3-(S)-HHDP-D-glucose, 3,6-di-O-galloyl-D-glucose, 6-O-galloyl-D-glucose, (-)-shikimide 4-O-gallate, (-)-shikimic acid 3-O-gallate+(-)-shikimic acid 5-O-gallate, methyl gallate and 1,2,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose were reported. CONCLUSION　The above eight polyphenols were obtained from myrobalans for the first time.

Object To study the chemical constituents of Chamaenerion angustifolium (L ) Scop Methods The compounds were isolated on Diaion HP 20 (Tsk), Toyoperari HW 40 (C), MCI gel CHP 20P (Mitsubishi) column and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral methods Results Four flavonoids were isolated from the whole plant of C angustifolium and they were identified as quercetin 3 O ? D galactoside (Ⅰ), quercetin 3 O ? L arabinoside (Ⅱ), quercetin 3 O (6′ O galloyl) ? D galactoside (Ⅲ), quercetin (Ⅳ) respectively Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ were isolated from this plant for the first time