Objective:To compare the shear bond strength of dentin to composite resin in different post-treatment time period after tooth bleaching with the TREE dental whitening gel and observe the dentin/composite interface of each group. Methods:Eighteen intact premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6):A:The specimens were immersed into artificial saliva for 3 weeks then adhesion without bleaching; B:Adhesion immediately after bleaching for 3 weeks,during bleaching the specimens were immersed into artificial saliva; C:Before adhesion the specimens immersed in artificial saliva for further 2 weeks after bleaching for 3 weeks. Five specimens from each group were randomly submitted to shear bond strength test. The specimen remained in each group were sectioned to be observed by the scanning electron microscope.Results:(1)The shear bond strength of the group B (10.74?3.03) MPa was significantly lower than that of the group A (18.61?3.56) MPa or the group C (17.21?3.15) MPa (P0.05); (2)The resin tags present in the dentin/composite interface was scarce for the group B,and that were shorter than the group A; The resin tags of the group A and group C were similar in number,but that of the group C was shorter than that of the group A. Conclusion:The use of TREE whitening gel immediately before bonding significantly reduces bond strength,but immersion of bleached teeth in artificial saliva for 2 weeks before bonding results in a return to control bond strength.

Objective To investigate articulation characteristics and rehabilitation training methods of abnor-mal supradental of patients with dysarthria after lingual frenectomy.Methods A total of 107 patients with dysar-thria after lingual frenectomy were studied for articulation characteristics.Then 32 patients with dysarthria were re-cruited from those 107 patients for further research of the training methods.Results The articulation disorders of/z/and/s/were replaced by/d/when/z/and/s/were combined with/a/,/o/,/e/,/u/or the vowels whose head vowels were them,/z/and/s/were replaced by/j/and/x/when they were combined with/i/.The proportion of these disorders were 32.71%,26.17%,30.84% and 40.19%,respectively.The articulation disorders of/c/was re-placed by/d/or/t/when/c/was combined with/a/,/o/,/e/,/u/or the vowels whose head vowels were them. The proportions were 5.61% and 25.23%,respectively.When/c/was replaced by/q/and/j/.When/c/was com-bined with/i/,the proportions respectively were 42.06% and 14.02%.Then/z/,/c/,/s/were totally replaced to/zh/,/ch/and ,/sh/or lateralization.The proportions of these disorders were 14.02%,15.89%,13.08% and 10.28%,9.35%,11.21%,respectively.After the speech training,the patients made less mistakes about supradental consonant,the number changed from 34.53±6.08 to 7.97±2.52.The differences were statistically significant(t=30.035,P<0.001).Conclusion The main articulation disorders were replacement and lateralization.The training methods that this research has established are significantly effective,and is worth receiving further study and possi-ble clinical application.

Objective To build the screening model for population with Impaired Glucose Regulation (IGR)in community, and to evaluate its validity by using the model in general population. Methods Based on the epidemiological survey of DM in the community population in 2006, the analysis of the risk factors and the risk factors scoring method were used to build the screening model for IGR in community which was then used to screen for IGR in 2 120 general population in community to evaluate its validity. Result When the screening model was built with the accumulative score of risk factors ≥5, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying undiagnosed IGR were 68.2% and 61.7%, Youden's index was 0.299 and the positive predictive value was 14.2%. When 2 120 general population used the screening model, only 974 (45.9% of them)had to take OGTT test, and 124 (68.9%) IGR were identified. Conclusion The screening model with the accumulative score of risk factors ≥5 is an easy, effective and economic tool for IGR screening, and it can be tried to use in the screening for IGR in community, further research is needed.

Objective To study the relationship between micro-vessel density(MVD), proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) expression and clinicopathological characteristics in cervix squamous cell carcinoma. Methods PCNA and CD 34 expression in 32 cervix squamous cell carcinomas were examined by SP immunohistochemical staining. MVD and proliferation index (PI) were calculated. Results PI and MVD were significantly correlated with the differentiatial degree and FIGO stage of cervix squamous cell carcinomas, and in the low differential cancers with high FIGO stage were obviously higher than those in the high differential cancers with low FIGO stage. In addition, PI and MVD in the cancers with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in the cancers without one (P

Objective To assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in Shanghai adults according to the criteria of the US National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment PanelⅢ ( NCEP ATP Ⅲ) definition. Methods Randomly selected adults were studied by means of stratified sampling. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai with a representative sample of 7 414 Chinese adults aged 35-74 years.Results Defined by the ATPⅢ criterion, the preliminary prevalence of MS was 19.81%. The prevalence of MS was 16.21% (95%CI 15.37%-17.05% ) after age was adjusted. The prevalence of MS was higher in female than in male (22.59% vs 16.64% ,P<0.01 ), and higher in urban than rural residents( 17.43% vs 17.16% ,P<0.01 ). The prevalence of MS increased with age in both male and female, especially in females aged above 55 years. There were 19.81% subjects with over 3 risk factors. The most common combination of four components in MS were central obesity, high triglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and hypertension. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of MS in Shanghai adults. MS is increasingly becoming a noteworthy health problem. Early-diagnosis and integrated-methods of prevention and treatment of MS are mandatory.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the pregnancy outcomes and fetal loss after fetal reduction of triplets to twins or singleton pregnancy. Methods 282 cases of triplets who received multi-fetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR) at Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University were recruited from Sep 2001 to Mar 2014. According to the remaining fetal number after MFPR, 231 cases were opted to reduce to twins (twins group) while 51 cases were opted to singleton pregnancy (singleton group).The indication of the former group was fetal abnormalities under ultrasound or on patients′ demand; while the indication for the later group included dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplets or patients′ aspiration. Potassium chloride was injected into the targeted fetal heart until cardiac standstill was obtained. The pregnancy outcomes, gestational age at delivery, birth weight of newborns of the two groups were recorded. Successful pregnancy was defined as take-home at least one baby. Results (1)The overall rate of successful pregnancy was 91.5%(258/282).There were 413 neonates in the twins group, including 4 neonatal deaths and 409 live babies, with the successful rate of 90.5%(209/231). There were 49 neonates in the singleton group, including 2 cases of fetal loss. Thus the successful rate was 96.1%(49/51). There was no difference of successful pregnancy rate between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)The mean gestational age at operation for the twins group and singleton group were(16.5±3.5)weeks and (14.2±2.0) weeks, respectively. Each group was divided into three periods,11-13+6 weeks, 14-16+6 weeks and≥17 weeks.In the twins group, the cases in each time period were129(55.8%,129/231), 50(21.6%,50/231)and 52(22.5%,52/231), respectively. While in the singleton group, the cases in each time period were 27(53%,27/51), 16(31%, 16/51)and 8(16%,8/51).There was no difference between the two groups at each time period(P>0.05). (3)The fetal loss rate in the twins group were 7%(9/129), 12%(6/50), 10%(5/52) at each time period, respectively. While for the singleton group they were 4%(1/27), 0(0/16)and 1/8, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups at each time period(P>0.05).(4)The mean birth weight of the twins group was lower than the singleton group [(2 555±447) g vs (3 084±550) g, respectively, P<0.05].The rates of low birth weight infants(<2 499 g)in the twins group and the singleton group were 45.5%(188/413)and 8%(4/49), respectively(P<0.05).The rate of very low birth weight infants(≤1 499 g) was 3.9%(16/413)in the twins group compared with 0(0/49)in the singleton group(P>0.05).(5)The gestational age at delivery of the twins group was earlier than the singleton group [(36.2 ± 2.4) weeks vs(38.3 ± 2.2)weeks, respectively,P<0.05]. The labor rate of the two groups was significantly different for both 34-36+6 weeks and≥37 weeks(P<0.05).The full-term delivery rate in the twins group was 47.6%(110/231), and was 88.2%(45/51)in the singleton group(P<0.05). The fetal loss rate before 28 weeks did not differ between the two groups[8.7%(20/231)vs 3.9%(2/51), P>0.05].Conclusions Reduction to one fetus led to significantly better outcome than two fetuses, with no significant difference in fetal loss rate. It is better to advise patients with triplets reduce to singleton pregnancy.

Objective This research attempted at prevention of steam contamination and protection of medical staff in periodontal scaling. Methods Thirty sample patients without oral cavity or upper res-piratory tract infection, chronic disease, infectious disease or other contraindication were randomly classified into the experimental group and the control group.The former gargled with chlorhexidine in the process of periodontal scaling while the latter rinsing only. Oral cavity bacteria of both groups were sampled before and after operation;air samples were got at five periods of time(before operation, 10 minutes in operation, 20 minutes in operation, 30 minutes in operation, and end of operation) and germicnltured.The entire data were analyzed.Results Air samphng in periodental scaling and oral sample germiculture after the scaling in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, P<0.01. Conclusions With effective disinfection and sta-ble characteristics, chlorbexidine can be popularly utilized in skin mucous membrane disinfection. Gargling with chlorhexidine in periodontal scaling eliminates bacteria and microorganism in oral cavity and resulting steam,thus reducing environmental pollution and protecting the health of medical staff.

Objective To explore the cytotoxicity of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induced by SW480 sonicate sensitized dendritic cells (DC) on the colon cancer cell line SW480. Methods PBMC were separated from the HLA-A*0201 donor and DC were cultured with rhGM-CSF, rhIL-4 and rhTNF-α. The same donor's primary CTL were stimulated by DC loaded with SW480 sonicate. The cytotoxicity of CTL on SW480 (HLA-A*0201 positive) and K562 (HLA-A*0201 negative) was determined by the MTT method. Results The cytotoxicity of the CTL on SW480 was stronger than that on K562 (P ＜0.05). Conclusion The DC vaccine can stimulate specific CTL which can trigger cytotoxic activity on the target cells and this cytotoxicity is related to MHC restriction.

Objective Cathepsin K (CTSK) played an important role in adipocyte differentiation.The activation of CTSK needs to convey by mannose-6-phosphate receptors (M6PR) in osteoclasts. The aim of the present study was to identify the effects of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) in adipocyte differentiation and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Oil red O staining, accumulation of cytoplasmic triglycerides and glycerine release were used to assess its effects on adipocyte differentiation in the 3T3-L1cell line. The enzyme activity of CTSK was observed by laser confocal microscopy. The proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was detected by MTT methods. mRNA expression of M6PR was determined by RTPCR. Results M6P could prevent adipocyte differentiation in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by absence of triglyceride accumulation and glycerol content. Statistical significance was showed when the concentrations of M6P were 5.0 mmol/L and 8. 0 mmol/L respectively(P ＜0. 05). The mRNA expression of M6PR was detected during the whole process of adipocyte differentiation. With the increase of M6Pconcentration, enzyme activity of CTSK was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. MTT method showed that the absorbance at 570 nm of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was 0. 057 ±0. 091, increased about 62. 9%at 10. 0 mmoL/L compared with the control group (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion M6P inhibits the terminal differentiation of adipocyte, which may be associated with its effect of blocking CTSK activity by competitive binding with M6PR.

Objective To explore the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3822086 site of the α-Synuclein(SNCA)gene and Parkinson's disease (PD) of Uygurs versus Hans in Xinjiang,and to compare the distribution difference of this polymorphic site between the Uygurs and Hans.Methods The rs3822086 polymorphism was determined by polymerase chainreaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 237 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD,including 92 Uygurs and 145 Hans) and 247 health controls (including 103 Uygurs and 144 Hans).Results In the group aged ≥60 years,the T/T,C/T genotypes and T allele frequency were higher in PD group (196 cases) than in control group (196 cases) (25.5％ vs.20.9％,52.0％ vs.44.4％ and 51.5％ vs.43.1％),for genotype:P=0.027,allele:P=0.018.Between the Uygur versus Han nationality population,the T/T,C/T genotype and T allele frequency in the Uygurs were lower than in the Hans (15.4％ vs.30.4 ％,45.6％ vs.50.5％ and 38.2％ vs.55.7％),for genotype:P =0.000,allele:P =0.000.Conclusions The SNP rs3822086 site of SNCA gene may be a potential susceptibility site of IPD patients over the age of 60 years in Xinjiang,and rs3822086C/T + T/T is susceptible genotypes and rs3822086T is susceptible alleles.The distribution of rs3822086 polymorphism of SNCA might have a significant difference between the Xinjiang Uygur and Han populations.