As a crucial barrier to ensuring blood transfusion safety, blood virus inactivation technology plays an irreplaceable role in addressing the "window period" of detection, the threat of emerging pathogens, and the limitations of detection technologies. This article systematically reviews the current status and technical characteristics of mainstream blood virus inactivation technologies, and conducts an in-depth discussion on the application prospects and challenges of emerging technologies in this field. Among conventional technologies, the photochemical methods (including methylene blue, psoralen S-59/INTERCEPT system, and riboflavin/Mirasol system) have been widely used in clinical practice due to their broad-spectrum inactivation capacity. However, these methods are associated with functional impairment of blood components. The organic solvent/detergent (S/D) method performs excellently in inactivating viruses in plasma products yet is ineffective against non-lipid-enveloped viruses. Short-wave ultraviolet (UVC) direct irradiation technology eliminates the need for chemical additives, though its inactivation efficiency and compatibility with blood components requires optimization. The chemical modification method, while specifically designed for red blood cells, faces safety challenges such as potential immunogenicity. For emerging technologies, cold plasma technology shows great potential owing to its multi-target synergistic inactivation mechanism, though challenges regarding its biocompatibility and selectivity remain. Electrolyzed water technology has the advantages of low cost and operational simplicity, yet in-depth research is needed on the non-specific damage caused by active substances to blood components. Novel photodynamic therapy significantly improves inactivation efficiency by developing high-efficiency targeted photosensitizers and has broad prospects for combined applications with antibodies, nanomaterials, and other substances. Future development trends point to the "combination therapy" strategy, which leverages the synergy of multiple technologies to achieve the optimal balance between efficient virus inactivation and functional prservation of blood components. The development of such technologies needs to shift from "single-method" to "integrated approach", from "inactivation" to "viability preservation", and bridge the translation gap from "laboratory" to "global application". The ultimate goal is to establish a standardized, automated, and cost-controllable comprehensive blood safety assurance system.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of trehalose on oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R) injury in H9C2 cells and the role of solute carrier family 7 member 11- (SLC7A11)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling pathway.Methods:Well-grown H9C2 cells were divided into 4 groups ( n=24 each) by the random number table method: control group (group C), OGD/R group (group O), OGD/R+ trehalose group (group OT) and OGD/R+ trehalose+ erastin group (group OTE). The cells were normally cultured in group C. In O, OT and OTE groups, the DMEM medium was replaced with EBSS medium, the cells were exposed to 5% CO 2-95% N 2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 6 h, and then the medium was replaced with DMEM medium supplemented with 6% fetal bovine serum to restore oxygen and glucose supply for 24 h. In group OT, trehalose at a final concentration of 50 mmol/L was added during restoration of oxygen and glucose supply. In group OTE, the SLC7A11 inhibitor erastin at a final concentration of 10 μmol/L was added at 8 h before oxygen-glucose deprivation, and trehalose at a final concentration of 50 mmol/L was added during restoration of oxygen and glucose supply. The cell viability, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, contents of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured at 24 h of restoration of oxygen and glucose supply. The expression of SLC7A11, GPX4, long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase 4 (ACSL4), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) was detected by Western blot. The structure of the mitochondrial morphology was observed with a transmission electron microscope. Results:Compared with group C, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly decreased, the LDH activity, contents of MDA and iron, and ROS level were increased, the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 was down-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated in group O ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly increased, the LDH activity, contents of MDA and iron, and ROS level were decreased, the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 was up-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was down-regulated in group OT ( P<0.05). Compared with group OT, the cell viability and GSH content were significantly decreased, the LDH activity, contents of MDA and iron, and ROS levels were increased, the expression of SLC7A11, GPX4 and FTH1 was down-regulated, and the expression of ACSL4 was up-regulated in group OTE ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Trehalose can inhibit ferroptosis by activating the SLC7A11-GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby attenuating OGD/R injury in H9C2 cells.

Bacteria have posed a threat to human health,and the emergence of super bacteria has made it more difficult to cure bacterial infections in clinical practice.Currently,vaccines are one of the effective means of preventing bacterial infections.With the rapid development of cutting-edge technologies in recent years in such disciplines as biology,medicine,and materials science,various innovative strategies have been provided for vaccine research and preparation.This article summarizes the status quo and prospects of innovative vaccines for treating bacterial infections in recent years,including subunit vaccines,mRNA vaccines and attenuated live vaccine in the hopes of providing data for subsequent development and research of bacterial vaccines.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.

The construction of regional medical centers is an important carrier for the country to further promote the reform of the new medical service system during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.In view of the problems existing in the current construction of national regional medical centers,such as imperfect coordination mechanism,insufficient coordination power and lack of assessment and evaluation system,drawing on collaboration theory and case study method,the construction path of national regional medical centers was analyzed from three dimensions:management system collaboration,operation mechanism collaboration and evaluation mechanism collaboration;It explore and constructs the new management model of"13331"high quality development in National Regional Medical Centers;The results provide experience and case reference for promoting the high-quality development of national regional medical centers under the new situation in terms of party building leadership,medical technology,scientific and technological innovation,medical-education collaboration and brand influence.