Objective To study the clinical features of renal angiomyolipomas with tuberous sclerosis and to improve the recognization of this disease. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 4 cases of tuberous sclerosis with bilateral and multiple renal angiomyolipomas were reviewed.The age range was 17 to 44 years,two of them were men.One patient presented with the classic triad:facial angiofibroma,seizures,and mental retardation.Facial angiofibroma occurred in three and seizures were found in two,three patients showed multiple extrarenal organ involvement including liver,spleen and bone.Brain CT revealed classical calcified cortical tuber and(or) subependymal nodule in three cases. Results The diagnosis of renal angiomyolipomas in three cases was affirmed on CT scan.However,the giant renal angiomyolipomas in one case can not be diagnosed from renal CT scan which did not demonstrate characteristic fatty tissue whereas the diagonsis was confirmed by ultrasound-guided right renal tumor biopsy and subsequent right nephrectomy for the large leisions.Regular monitoring of one patient was adopted for his mild symptomatic small renal leisions,the other two with hemorrhage in renal angiomyolipomas were reluctant to aggressive treatment and underwent conservative therapy.Follow-up ranged 6 to 36 months, none had recurrent symptoms and no significant growth of renal lesions was observed. Conclusions CT may not be pathognomonic for renal angiomyolipomas associated with tuberous sclerosis,needle biopsy may be needed to exclude renal carcinoma.The choice of treatment is based on tumor size distribution pattern,progression,and associated symptoms.

0.05).In groups A and B,the intraoperative blood loss was(94.4?51.6)ml and(155.8?84.3)ml;the 4% mannitol solution used for intraoperative irrigation was(18.4?6.2)L and(25.4?8.8)L;the operative time was(65.0?16.4)min and((86.8?)25.0)min;the time for postoperative bladder infusion was(46.5?9.1)h and(57.8?17.4)h;the infused saline volume was(19.2?4.2)L and(26.7?10.2)L;the degree of satisfaction of the surgeons with the TURP field was 75.0%(36/48) and 41.9%(26/62);the cases who needed to increase the perfusion pressure during TURP accounted for 22.9%(11/48) and 45.2%(28/62);the blood transfusion rates were 6.2%(3/48) and 22.6%(14/62);and the incidence rates of secondary prostatic bleeding were(10.4)%(5/48) and 25.8%(16/62),respectively.The differences in all these parameters were statistically significant between the 2 groups(P

Objective To explore whether PPARαtransgenic mice are more sensitive animal models in the evalua-tion of toxicity of PPARαagonists.Methods Twenty-eight 8-week old PPARαtransgenic mice (Tg) and 28 C57BL/6J mice (WT) with half males and half females were randomly divided into high dose group (400 mg/kg of clofibrate), low dose group (30 mg/kg of clofibrate) and solvent control group (10%sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ).The time of gavage administration lasted 28 days.The blood biochemistry , organ coefficient and pathological changes of the heart , liver, kid-neyweretestedafterthedrugadministration.Thegrowthofmicewasalsorecorded.Results ①Bloodbiochemistry:Com-pared with the WT male administration group , in the Tg male administration group , the levels of blood creatinine ( CREA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were markedly increased (P<0.01, P<0.05).② Organ coefficient: Compared with the Tg control group, the kidney coefficients of Tg administration group were significantly increased (P<0.01,P<0.05).③Histopathology:Compared with the WT administration group , the pathological damages of liver and kidney were more serious in the Tg administration group .Conclusions Compared with C57BL/6J mouse, PPARαtransgenic mice are more sensitive in evaluation of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of PPARαagonists .It is a new animal model .

AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of oleanolic acid liposomes in rats.METHODS: Oleanolic acid liposomes were prepared by ethanol injection-sonication;The pharmaceutical properties including morphology,encapsulation efficiency,particle size,zeta potential were determined.Rats were injected with oleanolic acid lipo-somes and oleanolic acid solution via the tail,respectively.The plasma concentrations of sample in rats were assayed by RP-HPLC.The pharmacokinetic parameters were computered by 3P97 program package.RESULTS: Oleanolic acid liposomes showed almost spherical,the mean diametre was(206.4 ? 4.7) nm.The encapsulation efficiency of oleanolic acid liposomes could be more than 90% based on orthogonal design,and no haemolyticus existed.The plasma concentration-time curves of the oleanolic acid liposomes conformed to a two-compartment model.T1/2? of oleanolic acid liposomes was(33.59 ? 12.53) min,AUC was(240.13 ? 23.62)(?g/mL.min),obviously higher than that of the control preparation.CONCLUSION: The oleanolic acid liposomes with high entrapment efficiency and even size has a good pharmacokinetic parameters by comparison with non-liposomes.

AIM: To study and establish the fingerprint of raw Herba Polygoni Orientalis by RP-HPLC. METHODS: The chromatographic conditions were as follow: an Inersil-ODS-3 column was used;the mobile phase was composed of acetontrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid with gradient elution;the flow was 1.0 mL?mim~(-1) and the UV absorbance detection was set at 300 nm. RESULTS: Under the selected chromatographic conditions. Similarity of 10 batches of good HPLC fingerprint of raw Herba Polygoni Orientalis were obtained. no less than 0.9.( CONCLUSION): Quality of raw Herba Polygoni Orientalis can be controlled effectively by HPLC-UV fingerprint.

[Objective] To explore how to deal with the paternity test of complex adoption cases. [Method] Samples from 13 families, in which adoptive parents were suspected related to biological parents, were genotyped using "Identifder + Sinofder + Powerplex 16" combined system (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSFIPO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, D6S1043, D12S391, PentaD, PentaE) followed by further statistical analysis. [Result] Among all 13 cases, 2 were completely accordance with the Mendel law, PI > 10 000. There found more than 3 inconsistent loci in 8 cases. And found 1～2 inconsistent loci in 3 cases, needed to test more STR loci until PI≥10 000. The half sibling index (HSI) was also calculated with ITO method. The adoptive parents of 2 cases were not excluded from a full sibling with biological parents. In addition, Y-STR loci were tested for 4 cases (father/son). Two adoptive fathers of them were not excluded from the paternal relationship with biological fathers. [Conclusion] The most (76.9%) of all (13) complex adoptive cases of paternity test could be drawn a definite conclusion with combined system of "Identifder + Sinefiler + Powerplexl6". Minority (23.1%) of them was not definite yet and needed testing more STIR loci. Meanwhile, we suggested adding Y-STR tests and providing HSI for reference.

OBJECTIVETo establish a UPLC-MS/MS analysical method for simultaneous determination of concentrations of isoorientin, scutellarin and cynaroside in rat plasma and to study their pharmacokinetic characteristics after intravenous injection of 3 doses of Fufang Hongcao in rats.

METHODAcidified plasma samples were precipitated for protein with methanol. Waters Acquity BEH C18 column was adopted for spectrum, with mobile phase as 0. 1% formic acid acetonitrile-0. 1% formic acid-water gradient elution. Detection was carried out by the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive ion mode with ESI ionization source.

RESULTThree flavonoids show a good linear relationship, with the extraction recovery ranging between 78.56% and 101.91% and a high intra-and inter-day precisions and accuracy. The MRT of the three flavonoids were all lower than 22 min in rats.

CONCLUSIONThe above men tioned method is so specific, rapid, sensitive that it is suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of Fufang Hongcao injection in rats.

Animals ; Apigenin ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Female ; Glucosides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucuronates ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Luteolin ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Time Factors

Objective To evaluate the prognostic significance of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods CA IX expression in a cohort of 120 patients with ccRCC was evaluated by P-V immunohistochemistry with a rabbit CA IX polyclonal antibody. Twenty-five normal kidney tissues were used as a control. The relationship between CA IX expression and prognosis was analyzed by univariate and multiple-factor analysis (Cox regression model). The primary end point was cancer specific survival. Results One hundred and twelve (93.3%) patients were followed up with the median follow-up time of 45 months (range, 6 to 94 months). Seventy-five patients survived without evidence of tumor recurrence, 3 patients survived with tumor recurrence, and 34 patients died, 28 of the 34 died of cancer. CA IX expression was negative in all normal renal tissue. High CA IX expression was observed in 89 (74.2%) patients, among which 82 patients were followed up, and the disease free survival was 75.6% (62/82). Two (2.4%) patients survived with tumor recurrence, and 18 (22.0%) patients died, of which 13 (15.9%) died of cancer. Tumor recurrence and (or) metastasis occurred in 9 (11.0%) patients, with a median survival of 92 months in this high expression group. Low CA IX expression was observed in 31 (25.8%) patients, among which 30 patients were followed up, and the disease free survival was 43.3% (13/30). One (3.3%) patient survived with tumor recurrence, and 16 (53.3%) patients died, of which 15 (50.0%) died of cancer. Tumor recurrence and (or) metastasis occurred in 8 (26.7%) patients with a median survival of 53 months in this low expression group. Cancer specific survival between CA IX high expression group and low expression group was significantly different (P=0.000, χ2=15.950), and tumor relapse and (or) metastasis rates were significantly different (P=0.040, χ2=4.200). The 1, 3, 5 and 7 year cancer specific survival rates were 95.2%, 83.9%, 81.2% and 78.2% respectively in the high CA IX expression group, and 89.5%, 63.9%, 46.8% and 40.1% respectively in the low expression group. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression model showed that CA IX expression was a prognostic factor (RR=0.186). Conclusions High CA IX expression is negatively correlated with postoperative mortality, relapse and (or) metastasis in ccRCC. CA IX expression could be used as a prognostic biomarker in ccRCC.

A simple and selective ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) assay was developed for the determination of the human plasma protein binding of four bioactive flavonoids (such as orientin and vitexin) in Polygonum orientale. Protein precipitation was used for sample preparation. Equilibrium dialysis technique was applied to determine the plasma protein binding under physiological conditions. The separation was achieved through a Waters C18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.1%formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1%aqueous formic acid using step gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min. A Waters ACQUITY?TQD system was operated under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode of positive electrospray ionization. All of the recovery, precision, accuracy and stability of the method met the requirements. Good correlations (r40.99) of the four compounds were found, which suggested that these compounds can be simultaneously determined with acceptable accuracy. Results showed that the plasma protein bindings of the four bioactive flavonoids were in the range of 74-89% over the six concentrations studied. The binding parameters containing protein binding affinity, protein binding dissociation constant, and protein binding site were studied. The maximum ability to bind with protein was also determined in the assay in order to understand the drug-protein binding of each compound better.

Objective:To analyze the outcome of vaginal trial labor of pregnant women with low-lying placenta detected by translabial ultrasonography, and to explore the influencing factors of vaginal trial delivery and the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH).Methods:A total of 80 pregnant women who were diagnosed by translabial ultrasonography with low-lying placenta and underwent vaginal trial delivery in Women′s Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University were collected. Based on the distance of placenta lower edge to cervical internal os (IOD) 1 cm, and the general characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of pregnant women with IOD≤1 cm and 1-2 cm were compared and the related factors of PPH were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis.Results:Among the 80 pregnant women with low-lying placenta, 41 cases with IOD≤1 cm and 39 cases with IOD 1-2 cm, respectively. The rate of cesarean section in the two groups were 15% (6/41) and 15% (6/39), respectively. The birth weight of newborns were (3 334±360) and (3 460±365) g, respectively. PPH rates were 24% (10/41) and 26% (10/39), respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Among the 80 pregnant women with low-lying placenta, 60 cases did not have PPH, and 20 cases did. The rates of placenta manual removal were 2% (1/60) and 20% (4/20), respectively. The birth weight of newborns were (3 330±368) and (3 591±284) g, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that placenta manual removal was a risk factor for PPH in pregnant women with low-lying placenta ( OR=30.448, P=0.029). Conclusions:The results of vaginal trial labor in women with IOD≤1 cm and 1-2 cm are comparable, and vaginal trial labor could be attempted in those without contraindications of vaginal delivery. The main adverse complication of vaginal trial labor is PPH, and those with placenta manual removal need to make corresponding plans.