Recently,researchers have paid attention to the relationship between gut microbiota and human health and attempted to investigate the effect of gut microbiota on radiation injury.More and more evidence showed that normal gut microbiota could maintain human health through Toll-like receptors,immune system and inflammatory reaction.Improvements of gut microbiota spectrum and its balance have become an effective strategy for the treatment of certain diseases.This paper reviewed the relationship between gut microbiota and radiation injury and underlying mechanisms,in order to provide novel theoretical evidence and guideline for the therapy of radiation enteritis and other diseases.

Aim To study Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone (7-oxo-DHEA) protected hippocampal neurons against neurotoxicity induced by glutamate(Glu). Methods Cell survival rate was analyzed using MTT colorimetry, the change of Ca 2+ levels and the levels of free radical in cultured hippocampal neurons were analyzed by the laser scanning confocal microscope, and cellular GSH level was also analyzed. Results Exposure of cultured rat hippocampal neurons to Glu resulted in accumulation of celluar Ca 2+ and cellular free radical were prevented by DHEA (0.1 ?mol?L -1 )and 7-oxo-DHEA(0.1 ?mol?L -1),and cellular GSH was increased. Conclusion DHEA and 7-oxo-DHEA protected hippocampal neurons against neurotoxicity induced by Glu.

ObjectiveTo assess rat behavior, observe apoptotic morphology of neurons and measure expression of caspase-3 in substantia nigra(SN) of Parkinson's disease(PD) animal model. Methods6-OHDA was stereotacticly injected into the right striatum of the rats at two sites to produce PD models. After 5 weeks, the behavior tests including modified Morris Water Maze and narrow beam test were measured. Then tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) histochemistry, Hoechst 33258 staining, Western blotting for caspase-3 in right substantia nigra was separately conducted.ResultsEscape velocity significantly decreased and its latency was obviously enlarged in modified Morris Water Maze, and the latency and total time in narrow beam test were also markedly increased (P<0-05) in 15 successful PD rats compared with either the sham group or the normal group. Furthermore, there were obvious less TH-positive neurons in lesioned SN while more apoptotic cells appeared there. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 was highly upregulated in lesioned SN.Conclusion6-OHDA induced neuronal apoptosis in SN is associated with high levels of caspase-3, and the results of rat behavior tests are correspondent with the morphological changes including TH immunohistochemistry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Thus modified Morris Water Maze and narrow beam test are beneficial for assessments of effects of new drugs in PD animal model.

Objective:To observe the anti-carcinoma and immuno-regulatory effects of shikonin derivatives.Methods:A water-soluble preparation of shikonin derivatives was prepared (designated as LE)and given by lavage (2.5～10 mg/kg daily for 10 days) to the mice inoculated with either HepA22 or S180 sarcoma. Their survival duration and the in situ tumor mass were observed. Thymus and spleen indexes of the mice were measured. The parameters for immuno-functions were detected by the routine activity assays, which included NK cytotoxicity, ConA-induced lymphocyte transformation and IL-2 production by the splenocytes of the mice. Thymic and splenic morphology of the experimental animals were microscopically examined with HE staining.Results:Both thymic and splenic indexes in the tumor-bearing mice diminished extremely compared to those of the normal control, and the immunological functions analyzed were also found obviously lowered when loaded with the transplantable carcinomas. Under light microscopy, it was surprisingly exhibited that thymus cortex was almost disappeared in the organs of tumor-bearing mice, and the germinal centers of their spleens were visibly shrunk. LE inhibited propagation of the inoculated tumors and at the same time, it amended the immunosuppresive impacts by tumor-bearing, including both structures of immune organs and the bioactivities of spleen cells.Conclusion:LE can reverse the immune damages mediated by carcinomas.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect and possible mechanism of Compound Porcine Cerebroside and Ganglio-side Injection (CPCGI) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham group (n=10), model group (n=10), CPCGI low dosage group (n=10) and high dosage group (n=10), and control group (Ginkgo biloba extract, n=10). All the rats was subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for two hours and reperfusion except sham group, and received treatment for fourteen days once reperfusion started. They were tested with modified Neurological Severity Score one, three, seven and fourteen days after MCAO, and adhesive-removal test and beam-walking test fourteen days after MCAO. The expression of Beclin1, PINK1 and Parkin were detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the Neurological Severity Score reduced (P<0.05) and the time crossing the beam reduced (P<0.01) in all the medical groups fourteen days after MCAO, and the time removing the adhesive paper reduced in the CPCGI groups (P<0.01). The expression of Beclin1 and Parkin decreased and the PINK1 level increased in the model group (P<0.01), and it was reversed in all the CPCGI groups (P<0.05). Conclusion CPCGI could relieve the cerebral ischemia-re-perfusion injury in rats through the regulation in mitophagy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics and incidence of the thoracic deformities in patients with microtia.

METHODSIn Plastic Surgery Hospital, we conducted a retrospective study of the clinical and radiographical data of 300 patients with microtia from March 2013 to October 2014. Pearson χ2 test was used to analyze the relationship among deformities of ribs and spine, as well as microtia.

RESULTSA total of 78 (26.0%) patients were documented with rib deformities, 26 patients (8.7%) had spinal deformities, and 17 patients (5.7% )had both. The incidence of rib deformities in microtia I, II, and III was 7.1% (2/28), 26.7% (62/232) and 35.0% (14/40) respectively. The incidence of spinal deformities in microtia I, II, and III was 3.6% (1/28), 6.5% (15/232) and 25.0% (10/40 respectively. The patients with microtia III were found to have a higher incidence of ribs and spinal deformities than those with microtia II, patients with microtia II were found to have a higher incidence of ribs and spinal deformities than those with microtia I (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of ribs and spinal deformities is high in patients with microtia. The poorer one auricle developed, the higher the incidence of thoracic deformities.

Biomedical Research ; Congenital Microtia ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; abnormalities ; Spine ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo investigate a novel method for the reconstruction of large vermilion defects.

METHODSBased on the size and shape of the defects, a buccinator myomucosal flap pedicled with the junction of buccinator and orbicularis oris in the oral commisure was designed and rotated to reconstruct the large vermilion defects. The upper bound of the flap is at least 1 cm away from the stensen's duct. The width is about 2.5-3.0 cm, and the length is as far as to arrive the raphe pterygomancibularis. The donate site is directly closed primarily. There is no need for secondary pedicle division.

RESULTSFrom July 2003 to April 2013, 14 cases with large vermilion defects was reconstructed with this method. No flap necrosis occurred with primary healing. 5 cases were followed up with an average follow up period of 1 year (0.5-3 years). The apprearance and function of the reconstructed vermilion were satisfactory without any apparent donor site defect. The patients were satisfied with both the functional and cosmetic results.

CONCLUSIONThe buccinator myomucosal flap is a simple and ideal method for reconstruction of large vermilion defects, especially for the defects closed to the commisure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Facial Muscles ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lip ; surgery ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate whether octacosanol would attenuate neurotoxicity in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated C57BL/6N mice and its potential mechanism. Methods Behavioral tests, Nissl histochemistry and Western blot were used to investigate the effects of octacosanol in this mouse model of PD. Results Oral administration of octacosanol (100 mg/kg) significantly improved behavioral outcome in mice induced by MPTP and markedly ameliorated morphological appearances of neuronal cells in striatum. Furthermore, octacosanol blocked MPTP-induced phosphorylation of p38MAPK and JNK, but not ERK1/2. Conclusion The protective effects afforded by octacosanol might be mediated by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK on the signal transduction in vivo.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of crude extract of Cape Jasmine in the experimental Alzheimer's model induced by Aβ25-35 and the memory acquisition impaied model induced by ibotenic acid(IBO).MethodsAlzheimer's dementia of mice was induced by Aβ25-35 i.cv. treatment and the impaired memory acquisition model was induced by IBO injected into the forebrain nucleus basalis. The effects of crude extract of Cape Jasmine on the learning and memory function of model animals were evaluated with Morris water maze and step-through test in 3 dose groups(12-5, 25, 50 mg/kg). Donepezil(0-75 mg/kg)was used in the positive control group.ResultsMorris water maze test showed that the spatial learning and memory ability of the model mice significantly improved in three crude extract of Cape Jasmine groups(P<0-05). Meanwhile, the impaired function of the rats induced by IBO significantly improved in the medium dose group(P<0-01). The electric shock latent period in step-through box test prolonged and the frequency of electric shock decreased within 3 minutes in three groups.ConclusionCrude extract of Cape Jasmine can improve the learning and memory function of mice or rat in the model group.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Wuling Jun Power by the DNA microarray technique.MethodsAn experimental depression model was established by exposing the mouse to a chronic mild stress procedure. The total RNA was extracted reverse-transcripted and hybrided to the mouse 1-2 cDNA microarray (Clontech). The difference of expression profiles between control model, Wuling Jun powder and fluoxetine-treated groups were analyzed by the Image 2-1 Software.Results130 genes were significantly altered in stress group compared with the control groups. Among them, 116 genes were up-regulated and 14 genes were down-regulated. Meanwhile, 85 genes significantly changed in the Wuling Jun powder treated group with 34 genes up-regulated and 51 genes down-regulated compared with the model groups. For the Fluoxetine-treated group, 133 genes significantly changed with 35 genes up-regulated and 98 genes down-regulated compared with the model groups. These genes were associated with many aspects of life including receptor activity, protein kinases, inflammatory factors, transferrin, neurogenesis and so on.ConclusionMultiple genes were affected by the stress exposure. Altered changes of some genes were normalized by Wuling Jun powder and Fluoxetine treatment. In general, the mechanisms of Wuling Jun powder and Fluoxetine are similar, but also with minor difference.