Objective: To study the higher order aberrations of emmetropic and ametropic eyes with wavefront aberrometer. Methods: Forty of cases 77 emmetropic and ametropic eyes were measured with an aberrometer based on Tscherning's principle with the pupils dilated. The Zernike coefficients and root mean square values of wavefront aberrations up to the 6th order were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The C06,C07,C08,C12,C13,C14,C24,C26,and C27 were significantly different from zero under 7 mm pupil size and the C06,C10,C12,C23,and C24 were significantly different from zero under 4 mm pupil size. There was no significant difference of higher order wavefront aberrations between emmetropic and ametropic eyes. Comparing the age of 40 years or less with the age over 40 years, there were significant differences in RMS3 between the two under 7 mm pupil size, and statistical diffenences in RMS6 and RMSh between the two under 4 mm pupil size. Conclusion: There are certain higher order wavefront aberrations in the normal human eyes, especially with the pupis dilated. No differences are found in higher order aberrations between emmetropic and ametropic eyes. The higher order aberrations of the age over 40 years are more than those of the age of 40 years or younger.

0.05).There were more complaints of postoperative pain and discomfort after LASEK procedure.No severe vision threatening complications in these two groups were found.Conclusion:Both LASIK and LASEK are safe and effective in treating eyes with severe myopia.

Objective:To determine whether implantation of an intraocular lens(IOL) with a modified prolate anterior surface results in reduced spherical aberration and improved contrast sensitivity after cataract surgery.Methods: Consecutively 72 eyes were selected from 53 senile cataract patients who had received phacoemulsification and IOL implantation in Peking University Eye Center.Each was randomly assigned to receive Tecnis Z9001 IOL or Sensar AR40e(both made by AMO).Three months after operation,the eyes underwent several tests including visual acuity,optometry and wavefront aberration examination.Mesopic contrast sensitivity test was measured with ROLAND BA-4 Contrastometer.Results: The eyes treated with Tecnis Z9001 had significantly less spherical aberration.The eyes treated with Tecnis IOL got lower C12 coefficient and RMS4 than those with Sensar AR40e(P value

Objective To provide an experimental evidence for the clinical applications of glyceryl trinatrate(GTN)and isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN)against Coxsackievirus B(CVB)-related myocarditis.Methods Coxsackievirus B3 was propagated in HeLa cells.Virus yields were determinded by 50% tissue culture infective dosage(TCID50).BALB/c mice were attacked with 5000 TCID50 of CVB3,meanwhile,the mice were administrated with GTN and ISDN.All mice were killed at the 14th day.The myocardial tissues were harvested for histologic evaluation.Results The infection plaques in the myocardial tissues obtained from CVB3-infected BALB/c mice treated with GTN were siginificantly reduced(0.89?0.18 in GTN group and 1.25?0.22 in ISDN group)compared with that of the untreated CVB3-infected mice(P

Objective To estimate the role of the posterior corneal parameters measured by Pentacam in screening subclinical keratoconus.Design Retrospective case-controlled study.Participants Forty five healthy subjects(73 eyes),14 keratoconus patients (20 eyes),43 subclinical keratoconus patients(58 eyes).Methods Based TOPOLYZER and biomicroscope signs,eyes were diagnosed as subclinical keratoconus and keratoconus to compare the differnces of related posterior corneal parameters provided by Pentacam in normal eyes and subclinical keratoconus or keratoconus eyes.Main Outcome Measures Back-Diff(6 mm) max,Back-Diff(6 mm )min, Back-Difference(6 mm),Back-Rmin,Back-Astig.Results The parameters which were statistically different between normal corneas and clinical keratoconus,normal corneas and subclinical keratoconus include Back-Diff(6 mm)max(P

AIM: To determine the effect of endogenous histamine on transient forebrain ischemia-induced neuronal injury at the late phase of reperfusion using histidine decarboxylase knockout ( HDC-KO) mice.METHODS:Wild-type (WT) and HDC-KO mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 30 min followed by 3 d or 15 d of reperfusion.At different time points after reperfusion, the body weight, mortality rate, learning and memory in fear conditioning test and hippocampal CA 1 neuronal density were evaluated .RESULTS: At 1 d after reperfusion , the body weight loss was observed in both WT and HDC-KO mice.At 4 d, 5 d, 6 d and 7 d after reperfusion, the increment in the body weight of the HDC-KO mice was significantly smaller than that of the WT mice .During the period between 8 d and 14 d after reperfusion, the mortality rate of the HDC-KO mice was higher than that of the WT mice (P<0.05).At 14 d after reperfusion , the HDC-KO mice exhibited more aggravated deficits in contextual and cue memory compared with the WT mice.Correspondingly , a more severe CA1 neuronal injury in the HDC-KO mice than that in the WT mice was ob-served at 15 d but not at 3 d after reperfusion (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Endogenous histamine may attenuate learn-ing/memory deficits and neuronal injury at the late phase of ischemia /reperfusion.However, the involved mechanisms need to be further investigated .

Objective To explore the impact of rituximab on Th17 cells and related cytokines in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in vitro and its significance.Methods 20 cases of DLBCL untreated patients and 20 healthy subjects were enrolled in the name of DLBCL group and health control group, respectively.4 peripheral blood samples were collected from every case to separate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which were assigned to 4 subgroups according to different culture conditions: blank subgroup(subgroup A), rituximab subgroup (subgroup B), rituximab and serum subgroup (subgroup C) and polarization subgroup (subgroup D) (added IL-6 and TGF-β).After cultured in vitro, the percentage of Th17 cells in each subgroup was tested by flow cytometry, and the cytokine IL-17 in the abovementioned culture fluid was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In health control group, the percentage of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17 in subgroup D [(17.12 ± 4.90) ％ and (45.735±10.012) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in subgroup A, B, C (P ＜ 0.05), and there was no difference in each other subgroup A, B, C (P ＞ 0.05).The percentage of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17 in the DLBCL subgroup A were significantly lower than those in health control subgroup A [(0.69±0.24) ％ and (6.012±1.312) pg/ml vs (2.43±0.61) ％ and (8.217±1.681) pg/ml (P ＜ 0.05)].In DLBCL group, after cultured with rituximab, the percentages of Th17 cells in subgroup B, C, D were (2.34±0.48) ％, (2.31±0.53) ％ and (16.92±4.81) ％, and the levels of IL-17 were (7.944±1.538) pg/ml, (7.957±1.533) pg/ml and (44.417±9.881) pg/ml, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those in subgroup A.Besides, the percentage of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17 in DLBCL subgroup D were significantly higher than those in subgroup B, C (P ＜ 0.05), while there was no difference between subgroup B and subgroup C.Conclusion Experiments in vitro confirmed that the percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs of DLBCL patients was lower than that in healthy persons, and rituximab could elevate the percentage of Th17 cells in PBMCs of DLBCL patients.

Objective To understand the changes of Th17 cells and related cytokines in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab and its significances.Methods Patients were assigned to 4 groups,there were 20 cases in the control group,31 cases in the initial treatment group,31 cases in CHOP group and 25 cases in RCHOP group.The percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of each group was tested by flow cytometry,the related cytokines IL-17,IL-21,IL-23,TGF-β in the peripheral blood were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The percentage of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17,IL-21,IL-23 in the initial treatment group [(0.67±0.21) ％,(5.929±1.342) pg/ml,(130.632±17.945)pg/ml,(51.681±9.808) pg/ml] and the CHOP-CR group [(1.07±0.37) ％,(6.526±0.538) pg/ml,(132.119±7.700)pg/ml,(50.245±7.668) pg/ml] were both significantly lower than those in the control group[(2.53±0.63) ％,(8.435±2.031) pg/ml,(149.265±12.316) pg/ml,(55.303±7.778) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The level of TGF-β in the initial treatment group [(370.615±98.444) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(311.895±73.365) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The percentage of Th17 cells and the levels of IL-17,IL-21,IL-23 in the RCHOP-CR group [(2.38±0.59) ％,(7.724±0.780) pg/ml,(148.412±7.355) pg/ml,(55.668±7.532) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those in the initial treatment group [(0.67±0.21) ％,(5.929±1.342) pg/ml,(130.632±17.945) pg/ml,(51.681±9.808) pg/ml] and the CHOP-CR group [(1.07±0.37) ％,(6.526±0.538) pg/ml,(132.119±7.700) pg/ml,(50.245±7.668) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).The level of TGF-β in the RCHOP-CR group[(283.904±59.223) pg/ml] was significantly lower than that in the CHOP-CR group [(341.481±95.597) pg/ml] (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Th17 cells might be negatively correlated with the DLBCL development,the reduced IL-23 and elevated TGF-β might suppress the differentiation of Th17 cells.Rituximab could elevate the percentage of Th17 cells in DLBCL patients,and it is related with the effect of chemotherapy.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural ligand of tumor-targeted drug delivery systems (DDS) due to the relevant CD44 receptor overexpressed on tumor cell membranes. However, other HA receptors (HARE and LYVE-1) are also overexpressing in the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Therefore, polyethylene glycol (PEG) modification of HA-based DDS is necessary to reduce RES capture. Unfortunately, pegylation remarkably inhibits tumor cellular uptake and endosomal escapement, significantly compromising the antitumor efficacy. Herein, we developed a Dox-loaded HA-based transformable supramolecular nanoplatform (Dox/HCVBP) to overcome this dilemma. Dox/HCVBP contains a tumor extracellular acidity-sensitive detachable PEG shell achieved by a benzoic imine linkage. The and investigations further demonstrated that Dox/HCVBP could be in a "stealth" state at blood stream for a long circulation time due to the buried HA ligands and the minimized nonspecific interaction by PEG shell. However, it could transform into a "recognition" state under the tumor acidic microenvironment for efficient tumor cellular uptake due to the direct exposure of active targeting ligand HA following PEG shell detachment. Such a transformative concept provides a promising strategy to resolve the dilemma of natural ligand-based DDS with conflicting two processes of tumor cellular uptake and nonspecific biodistribution.

Objective To examine the safety, efficacy and durability of totally endoscopic minimally invasive (TEMI) mitral valve repair in Barlow’s disease (BD). Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent mitral valve repair for BD from January 2010 to June 2021 in the Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital. The patients were divided into a MS group and a TEMI group according to the surgery approaches. A comparison of the clinical data between the two groups was conducted. Results A total of 196 patients were enrolled, including 133 males and 63 females aged (43.8±14.9) years. There were 103 patients in the MS group and 93 patients in the TEMI group. No hospital death was observed. There was a higher percentage of artificial chordae implantation in the TEMI group compared to the MS group (P=0.020), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups in the other repair techniques (P>0.05). Although the total operation time between the two groups was not statistically different (P=0.265), the TEMI group had longer cardiopulmonary bypass time (P<0.001) and aortic clamp time (P<0.001), and shorter mechanical ventilation time (P<0.001) and postoperative hospitalization time (P<0.001). No statistical difference between the two groups in the adverse perioperative complications (P>0.05). The follow-up rate was 94.2% (180/191) with a mean time of 0.2-12.4 (4.0±2.4) years. Two patients in the MS group died with non-cardiac reasons during the follow-up period. The 3-year, 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates of all patients were 100.0%, 99.2%, 99.2%, respectively. Compared with the MS group, there was no statistical difference in the survival rate, recurrence rate of mitral regurgitation, reoperation rate of mitral valve or adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the TEMI group (P＞0.05). Conclusion TEMI approach is a safe, feasible and effective approach for BD with a satisfying long-term efficacy.