BACKGROUND: Much attention has been focused on mandibular condyle fracture, which has long been considered as a severe injury to the temporomandibular joint(TMJ). Restricted by diagnostic methods, many studies have been conducted on transverse fracture whereas little attention has been paid to longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle. Even less is known about longitudinal fracture in young children.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle on secondary ankylosis of TMJ.DESIGN: A randomized controlled study.SETTING: Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Center for Experimental Animals, General Hospital of Chinese PLA. Twelve young Chinese experimental miniature pigs bred by the Institute of Experimental Animals, Beijing Agriculture University, aged 2 -3 months and weighing(5 -5.5) kg, were used and raised with mixed feed, and then divided into 3 groups randomly.METHODS: Food and water was forbidden for the miniature pigs 12 hours before operation. Under anesthesia with(5.0 - 15.0) mg/kg ketamine/xylazine abdominally injected, conventional disinfection was performed in the right lateral decubitus position and layer-by-layer preauricular incisions were made on the left side of the miniature pigs. The joint cyst was incised transversely and the lower cavity of TMJ was exposed and dragged downwards. The mandibular condyle was cleaved into two vertically along the inner 1/3 part of it with a 5.0 mm-wide bone chisel to cause inferior and posterior sagittal fractures. The miniature pigs were executed 3 months and 6 months after operation, and their condyles were cut for observation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The morphological changes of mandibular condyle specimens in the three groups observed with the naked eyes.②The pathological changes of mandibular condyle specimens under light microscope.RESULTS: The articular disc was adhered to the mandibular condyle after 3months. Temporal fossa adhered to the articular disc and mandibular condyle could still be observed in one specimen. Bifid condylar deformity was found in two specimens and no disc perforation was found. The adhesions became more severe after 6 months and bifid condylar deformity was formed in all the 3 specimens, with distinctly thickened discs. Light microscope observation:Three months after fracture, the adhesion between disc and condyle was obvious. There was no clear boundary between the surrounding tissues. The adhesion was composed of fibro-connective tissues, with a large number of chondrocytes in it. Fibro-connective tissues tightly adhered to the trabeculae were found in some adhesions. The fiber of disc became deranged and blood vessels and fatty cells were seen. Six months after fracture, blood vessels, a large number of fibroblasts and sparse chondrocytes were seen in the adhesions. The collagen fibers of the discs were arranged in whirlpool shape. There were a large number of fatty cells and blood vessels within it. The fiber-cartilage of the condylar surface was found thickened and the fiber deranged in the unadhered tissues. Proliferative changes were seen on disc surfaces.CONCLUSION: Childhood longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle causes severe secondary injury to TMJ, suggesting a close correlation between longitudinal fracture of the mandibular condyle and TMJ ankylosis.

Objective To investigate the role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-2 (DDAH-2)/asymmetric dimethylarginine(ADMA)in pathophiology of preeclampsia by detecting expression of DDAH-2 in placenta and serum plasma ADMA.Methods From Jan.2004 to Jan.2005,30 preeclampsia patients(PE group)were chosen in the Third Affiliated Hospital.Guangzhou Medical College matched with 10 normal third trimester women as control(control group).The placental DDAH-2 mRNA expression was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR)and the plasma concentration of ADMA WSB determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results(1)The level of ADMA in PE group was significantly higher that than of control group[(18.0±7.2)mg/L vs.(10.3±1.7)mg/L,P<0.01].The expression level of ADMA in preeclampsia occurring before 34 gestatinal weeks WaS significantly higher than that of preeclampsia occurring after 34 gestational weeks[(22.0±7.0)ms/L vs.(12.7±2.8)mg/L,P<0.01].(2)The Placental DDAH-2 mRNA expression in preeclampsia patients was remarkably lower than that of control group[1×10(5.23±0.45)copy/μlvs.1×10(5.65±0.08)copy/μl,P<0.01].The Placental DDAH-2 mRNA in preeclampsia occurring before 34 gestatinal weeks was significantly lower than that of preeclampsia occurring after 34 gestational weeks [1×10(5.02±0.46)copy/μl vs.1×10(5.61±0.19)copy/μl,P<0.01].Conclusion Our results suggested that low expression of DDAH-2 in placenta and increased serum ADMA level might confer the susceptibility to preeclampsia.

Objective To determine the effect of using cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components in preventing transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection,which laid foundation for the application of blood antibody screening of cytomegalovirus.Methods The documents of studies about the comparison in transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus ratio between using cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components with using cytomegalovirus-unscreened /non-WBC-reduced blood were retrieved from the databases of PubMed,MEDLINE,Ovid,ProQuest,EBSCO,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CNKI,VIP,CBM and WanFang Library,and the reference in studies were retrieved by hands at the same time.The documents were screened,extracted and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and then given a Meta-analysis by using Rev Man 5.1 software.Results There were totally 7 controlled studies(430 patients) included.The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with using cytomegalovirus-unscreened/non-WBC-reduced blood,the effect of using cytomegalovirus-seronegative blood components in preventing transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection had a statistical difference(OR=0.07,95%CI:0.03-0.18,P<0.01).Conclusion Application of blood antibody screening of cytomegalovirus is effective in preventing transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection,especially organ transplantation and neonate patients.

In order to obtain three isoforms of apolipoprotein E (apoE), the cDNA encoding apoE3 was obtained by RT-PCR from normal human liver tissue. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain the cDNAs encoding apoE2 and apoE4 isoforms. The 3 cDNAs were subcloned into vector pGEM-3Z and verified by DNA sequencing. The expression recombinant which can express the target protein as a (His) 6-tagged fusion was constructed by subcloning apoE cDNA into vector pT7-PL. The purified proteins were gained by Ni-NTA column. The SDS-PAGE results revealed the 6 His fusion proteins (apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4) were correctly expressed and purified successfully.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Dingkundan on Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） at a stable phase. MethodA randomized controlled clinical design method was adopted， and 60 patients who were diagnosed with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in COPD at a stable phase in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the respiratory department of Guang' anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from June 2019 to December 2019 were divided into observation group and control group according to 1∶1. During the study period， there was no dropout， loss of follow-up， or exclusion between the two groups. On the basis of both groups receiving traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） lung rehabilitation training， the observation group took Dingkundan 7 g/time orally， twice a day. The control group received oral administration of the same specification of Dingkundan starch simulator of 7 g/time， twice a day. Both groups have a treatment period of 12 weeks. The COPD Assessment Test （CAT）， modified Medical Research Council （mMRC）， fatigue scale-14 （FS-14）， self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）， self-rating depression scale （SDS）， 6-minute walk distance （6MWD）， and pulmonary function before and after treatment were evaluated. ResultAfter treatment， both groups showed improvements in CAT， mMRC， FS-14， SAS scores， and 6MWD （P<0.05）. The observation group also showed improvements in SDS scores and lung function indicators （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed more significant improvement in CAT， FS-14， SAS， SDS scores， and 6MWD （P<0.05）. ConclusionDingkundan has a clear therapeutic effect on Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with COPD at a stable phase. It can reduce symptom burden， enhance exercise capacity， and improve psychological status and has the potential to improve lung function.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.