Objective To examine the effect of PDGF-αreceptor on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in rabbits. Methods Different concentrations of PDGFR-α ASODN were mixed with lip 2000, and the final proportion of PDGFR-α ASODN/lip2000 complex was 1∶1、1∶2.5 and 1∶5 respectively. All the complexes were incubated with cultured human retinal pigment epithelium for 24 hours before transfection. The rabbits were divided into group A (RPE cells)、group B and C (1.0、2.0 μmol/L PDGFR-αASODN lipofectin transfection of RPE cells) with 8 eyes each. The level of PVR were estimated by indirect ophthalmoscope examination; the fundus changes were estimated by histopathology; and the expression of PDGFA was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The highest transduction efficiency was PDGFR-α ASODN/ lip2000 ratio to 1∶2.5. The degree of proliferative vitreoretinopath , the fundus changes and the density of PDGFA in group B and group C were significantly lower than that in group A, while group C more lower than group B. Conclusion PDGF-αreceptor antisense oligonucleotides can inhibit the development of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of primary Sj(o)gren's syndrome (pSS) patients with dry eyes.Methods Ninety-six pSS patients with dry eyes admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from August 2009 to August 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results In all 96 patients,89 patients had symptoms,23 of whom had two or more symptoms.The tear-film break-up time (BUT) of 154 eyes were Less than 5 seconds,18 were between 5-10 second,and twenty were more than 10 seconds,with the average of 3.7±1.9 seconds.The length of tear flow of 154 eyes'width of tear mocus was less than 3 millimetres (mm),with the average of (0.21±0.10) mm.The average score of corneal fluorescein staining score was 5.2±2.4.The wet lengths of filter paper of 192 eyes were all less than 10 mm/5 min,with the average of (4.6±1.8) mm.The average score of meibomian gland function was 1.5±0.9.Conclusion In patients with pSS,the width of tear meniscus and the wet lengths of filter paper are reduced,which implies less tear secretion.At the same time,BUTs are short,and the Meibomian gland dysfunction are observed.Dry eyes of pSS are mixed in type,not only aqueous tear deficiency.

Objective To explore teaching effect of comprehensive teaching mode of PBL combined with CBL in ophthalmologic cataract clinical teaching.Methods 2008 grade clinical majors (n =80) in class 1 as experimental group were taught by comprehensive teaching mode of PBL combined with CBL while those (n =83) in class 2 as control group were taught by traditional LBL teaching mode.After the courses,the teaching effects of two methods were compared.SPSS 11.5 software was used for statistical analysis,x2 test for satisfaction survey and t-test for theoretical examination scores.The test level is α =0.05.Results There were significant differences between experimental group and control group in improving comprehensive quality and developing clinical thinking.Scores of understanding knowledge,case analysis and total scores of experimental group were higher than those of control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive teaching mode may improve the teaching effect of cataract clinical teaching,but it need to be explored and improved continually in practice.

Objective To explore the toxic effect of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-αantisense oligonucleotide (αASODN) on the retina. Methods Twenty-four healthy adult colored rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups in six for each group. Intravitreous injections of 0.1ml different density diluents containing PDGFR-αASODN and liposome were performed in the right eyes in 3 groups. The other group was injected with 0.1 mL balanced salt solution (BSS) as the control group. The left eyes of all animals were not rejected. Slit lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy and electroretinogram (ERG) examination were performed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after the injection. On the day 28, the right eyes were harvested, and HE、immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy of retinal tissue were performed . Results The slit lamp, indirect ophthalmoscope examination of all groups were normal in each time. ERG examination yielded no difference in the amplitude of b wave between the treated groups and the normal control group. Pathological changes of the retinal tissue were not observed in the examinations of HE and immunohistochemical at the day 28 after injection. Electron microscope observation of retinal photoreceptor cells in the group D showed the parts of gaps between membranous discs were expanding, parts of were fusing, a few of clearances around cell nucleus were slightly enlarged,and the shapes of the cell nucleus were slightly irregular. Conclusions To inject 0.1 mL PDGFR-αASODN/lip2000 into the vitreous chamber, PDGFR-αASODN can be relatively safe when its concentration is less than 1.5μmol/L.

Background Domestic waste classification is one of the major livelihood projects in China. With the introduction of the Shanghai Household Waste Management Regulation in 2019, the work of domestic waste classification has been carried out nationwide, yet its potential risks especially those derived from microorganisms are not clear. Objective To investigate the microbial characteristics of the domestic waste in typical residential areas in Shanghai, and provide a theoretical basis for health protection during the domestic waste classification process in Shanghai and throughout China. Methods Dry and wet waste from a typical residential community in Shanghai were collected during 2019–2020. Microbial colonies were counted in domestic waste and analyzed for growth patterns. Then through 16S rRNA sequencing using lllumina PE250, hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted to reveal the similarity and dissimilarity of community compositions in different domestic waste groups, alpha diversity was estimated to reflect the richness and diversity of bacterial communities, principal co-ordinates analysis of unweighted UniFrac distance was performed to estimate the beta diversity, and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) was used to find features differentially represented among domestic waste groups. Results In the chosen typical residential community of this study, the numbers of microorganisms in waste were quite different, with lower numbers of microorganisms in dry waste than the numbers in wet waste. In addition, different growth curves of microorganisms were shown for different seasons, and the peak baterial colony numbers were 200 CFU·cm⁻², 6×10⁵ CFU·mL⁻¹, 10 CFU·cm⁻², and 2×10⁶ CFU·mL⁻¹ for summer dry waste, summer wet waste, winter dry waste, and winter wet waste, respectively. The results of 16S RNA demonstrated significant differences in α and β diversity indicators among different waste groups, and the difference in waste classifications was larger than the difference of the same classification of waste in different seasons. The main compositions of bacterial colonies in domestic waste was Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicute and Bacteroidota. The clustering analysis showed that the microbial composition in summer dry waste was close to that in winter dry waste, while other groups were quite different. In total 48 differential bacterial taxa were found at the level of genus including Pseudomonas and Pantoea. Conclusion Different seasons and different classifications of domestic waste present varied microbial characteristics, with different potential pathogenic microorganisms. Together with other related studies, we suggest that different measures should be taken for different domestic wastes to prevent and control the health hazards associated with waste classification.

Objective To develop multi-functional suction tubes used in neuroendoscope assisted pituitary tumor surgery via endonasal transsphenoidal pathway and investigate their application value.Methods The experiments included 145 pituitary tumor patients,recruited in our hospital from March 2014 to March 2015.Self-regulating multi-functional curve and detachable suction tubes were used in neuroendoscope assisted pituitary tumor resection,which could do suction,electrical coagulation and stripping together.The efficacy of them was analyzed.Results There were 101 total tumor resection,26 subtotal resection and 18 partial resection in the 145 pituitary tumor patients.The average operative blood loss was 41.52 mL with application of the multifunctional suction tubes.The shortest time in operation was 28 min,and the average operation time was 76.55 min.Patients were discharged 3-5 days after surgery and the prognosis were good.Conclusion As a safe and effective novel endoscopic neurosurgery instrument,the multifunctional curve and detachable suction and stripping tubes with electrical coagulation could significantly improve surgery effectiveness and reduce operative blood loss when used in pituitary tumor resection through endonasal transsphenoidal pathway.

Air pollution is one of the most important environmental issues in China and worldwide, as well as a critical public health problem affecting human health. With the implementation of emission reduction and other programs, the air quality in China has been improved dramatically in recent years, but is still worse than the WHO guideline recommended levels. Numerous epidemiological and toxicological studies have shown that short-term or long-term exposure to air pollution is strongly associated with respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and so forth, in which interleukin-6 (IL-6), a well-known inflammatory factor, may play an important role. Studies have found that IL-6 can bind to interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) , which leads to the recruiting and activation of glycoprotein 130, and then the formed IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 complex triggers the janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2/mitogen-activated protein kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. All of these signaling pathways are found to be involved in a variety of physiopathological processes. In the present review, information about the IL-6 signaling pathway and its role in air pollution-induced adverse health effects was systematically reviewed, hoping to provide insights for the future prevention and control policies.