Aim To study the effect of bombesin on body temperature thermothreshold.Methods With IL-1?-induced febrile rats as research subject,the content of PGE2 in hypothalamus and plasma was detected with radioimmunoassay.Results(1) Induced by i.c.v.injection of IL-1?(0.1 ?g),the content of PGE2 in hypothalamus and plasma of the febrile rats significantly increased(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of rs2282430 and rs2031234 inSLC26A9 gene and clinical characteristics of asthma in Han children in central China.MethodsA case-control study was performed. Two hundreds and three children with asthma were recruited in this study and 221 normal children were selected as controls. The genotypes of two SNPs inSLC26A9 gene were examined using PCR-RFLP.ResultsBetween children with asthma and controls, the distribution of three genotypes (AA, AG and GG) in rs2282430 locus had signiifcant difference (P=0.042). The percentage of AA genotype was higher in children with asthma than that in controls. In implicit mode (AAvs. AG+GG), the two groups was statistically signiifcant difference (P=0.028). The frequency of A allele was higher in children with asthma than that in controls (P=0.011). Between children with asthma and controls, the distribution of three genotypes (TT, GT, and GG) in rs12031234 locus had no signiifcant difference (P=0.479). The frequency of alleles in rs12031234 locus also had no signiifcant difference (P=0.215). Among asthmatic children with different genotype of rs2282430, the lymphocytecounts (LYM), C-reaction protein (CRP), IgE, neutrophils (NEU%), and eosinophils (EOS%) were not signiifcantly different (P>0.05). Conclu-sionsThe rs2282430 polymorphism inSLC26A9 gene is associated with childhood asthma in the central China and the A allele is the risk factor. The rs2282430 polymorphism is not associated with LYM counts, CRP level, IgE level, NEU%, and EOS%.

Teaching mode of modem distance medical education mainly includes teacher-centered teaching mode and the student-centered teaching model,while the latter derivatives autonomous planning learning,collaborative learning and case learning,etc.Student-centered teaching mode embodies the teaching characteristics and advantages of modem distance medical education.In view of the diversity of teaching objects,we should give full play to the advantages of various teaching models and ieasonably apply these teaching modes.To strengthen the construction of practical training courses,improve all kinds of teaching resources and the safeguard,train a contingent of qualified teachers is the important factor to improve teaching quality.

Aim To investigate the effect of ginkgolide B on TLR4 expression in glucose-treated endothelial cells.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)were stimulated by high concentra-tion of glucose.TLR4,inflammatory protein expression and Akt phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blot.Transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation was analyzed by immunofluorescence.Results The expression of TLR4 and PAF receptor was increased in high glucose-treated HUVECs. In contrast, both ginkgolide B and CV3988 dose-dependently decreased TLR4 and PAF receptor expression in high glucose-treated cells,respectively.Ginkgolide B decreased in-flammatory protein ICAM-1 ,VCAM-1 expression.Mo-reover,ginkgolide B potently abolished Akt phospho-rylation and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation.Conclu-sion Ginkgolide B can reduce TLR4,PAF receptor, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in high dose of glu-cose-treated HUVECs,the mechanism might be linked to inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and NF-κB activa-tion.

Pancreas and islet transplantation is the only treatment that can cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. Less invasive and more targeted surgical and immunosuppressive regimens make islet transplantation a more attractive treatment for type 1 diabetes. Current methods of islet isolation and purification cause hypoxic stress to which β cells are extremely vulnerable. Transplanted islets need to re-establish their vascular system in order to obtain sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply for stable engraftment. However, this process takes at least 7- 14 days to complete. Massive (＞50%) β cells are dead before revascularization due to hypoxia, especially the core of the islets. Therefore, the obvious critical problem is the circulatory deficit to which the islets are susceptible in the immediate post-transplant period.In the current study, we reviewed various hypoxic-related insults to islets before complete engraftment, and feasible strategies to reduce hypoxic-induced apoptosis based on our experimental experiences together with that of others and investigated the possibility of revascularization in islet transplantation.

Objective To observe the protective effect of asiatic acid on hyperlipidemia golden hamsters induced by high fat diet and explore its mechanism.Methods Hyperlipidemic golden hamsters fed with high-fat diet were administered orally with asiatic acid (8,16,32 mg/kg)for 4 weeks.Levels of serum lipid content,liver histology,hepatic GSH-PX and SOD levels,serum ALT and AST activities were evaluated in golden hamsters,fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)is using to examine the liver lecithin cholesterol fatty acyl transferase(LCAT) and class B typeⅠscavenger receptor(SR-BⅠ)mRNA expression. Results Compared with model group,the levels of TC,TG,LDL-C,TC/HDL,ALT and AST in low and mediate asiatic acid groups were all significantly decreased but the levels of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly increased(P<0.01).HE staining results showed that fat deposition in the liver were improved by administration of asiatic acid,and the expression of LCAT and SR-BⅠmRNA were increased.Conclusion Asiatic acid can effectively reduce blood lipid levels,and alleviate liver damage of the hyperlipidemia golden hamsters by lipid regulation and antioxidative ability augmentation.The increased levels of LCAT and SR-BⅠmRNA expression maybe involved in the mechanism of hypolipidaemic effect of asiatic acid.

Objective To probe into the relation of expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and EGFR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with radiation therapy efficacy. Methods 73 of the patients with carcinoma of oesophagus from January , 2011 to May , 2014 in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University , were involved in this research , their clinical data reviewed and analyzed. Before radiotherapy , immunohistochemical SP was used to test expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and EGFR in the cancer tissues. Relationships between the expressions and the efficiency of radiotherapy were analyzed. Results The positive expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and EGFR were 70.0%, 84.9% and 80.8%, respectively. In terms of the single factor analysis related to recent curative effects, HIF-1α expression had significant correlation with recent curative effects (P=0.03). Conversely , multiplicity indicated that HIF-1α and EGFR expressions were notably associated with recent curative effects (P=0.007, 0.045, respectively). Conclusions The positive expressions of HIF-1α,VEGF and EGFR in the esophageal carcinoma may account for a largest proportion of the total. HIF-1α and EGFR expressions are associated with the short-term outcomes.

Aim Toinvestigatetheeffectofginkgolide B on apoptosis in high glucose-treated endothelial cells.Methods Humanumbilicalveinendothelial cells(HUVECs)were used in the present study.The level of transmigration of HUVECs was analyzed by Tr-answell experiment.Apoptosis was detected by flow cy-tometry.Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS ) was meas-ured by immunofluorescence kit.The protein expres-sionwasanalyzedbyWesternblot.Result Highglu-cose treatment resulted in a reduction in transmigration of HUVECs and ginkgolide B recovered the phenome-non in glucose-treated endothelial cells.The level of ROS generation was increased in high glucose-treated group,whereas ginkgolide B inhibited ROS genera-tion.Immunofluorescence data showed high glucose in-creased apoptosis,whereas ginkgolide B inhibited ap-optosis in high glucose-treated HUVECs.Moreover, the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 were increased and Bcl-2 was reduced in high glucose-treated group. In contrast,ginkgolide B abolished the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 and increased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover,high glucose enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of p53,while ginkgolide B suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of p53 induced by highglucose.Conclusions GinkgolideBcaninhibit apoptosis and improve transmigration function in high glucose-treated HUVECs.Ginkgolide B has protection against high glucose-induced endothelial cell injury.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of multi-contrast atherosclerosis characterization (MATCH) and magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE) for the detection of IPH with histologic analysis as the reference standard.Methods Thirty individuals were collected in this study.They were diagnosed to have carotid stenosis＞50％ by ultrasound and scheduled for carotid endarterectomy from 2014 to 2015.3 T carotid MR examinations using MPRAGE,MATCH and 3D TOF were performed in these patients.Axial images covered all plaques and centered at the bifurcation of the carotid artery.All image data sets were processed on a semi-automatic software (MRI-Plaque View,VPDiagnostics,US) to analyze the component of IPH for vulnerable plaques.The consistency between MATCH and MPRAGE was analyzed by using Cohen Kappa analysis.Comparison of the two sequences to the pathological results was performed in a similar manner.The sensitivity and specificity of the two sequences were obtained.The SNR,CNR and contrast ratio(CR) of the two regions of interest were calculated and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the difference between the two methods.Results Among 30 patients,a total of 602 available sections and 95 correponding histology specimens were included in the analysis.When all 602 available sections were included in the analysis,MATCH yielded good agreement with MPRAGE(Kappa=0.773) on the detection of IPH.With pathological specimens as the gold standard,moderate to good agreement was shown for both MATCH and MPRAGE (Kappa=0.778,0.685).The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of IPH was 93.2％ (68/73) and 90.9％ (20/22) for MATCH.For MPRAGE,the sensitivity and specificity was 87.7％(64/73) and 90.9％(20/22) respectively.The difference between MATCH and MPRAGE was statistically significant for SNR,CNR and CR.That is to say,SNR and CNR of MPRAGE were higher than those of MATCH(P＜0.05),while CR of MATCH was higher than that of MPRAGE(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to the MPRAGE sequence,MATCH technique demonstrates similar diagnostic performance for the detection of IPH.

Objective To determine the molecular pathway of reconstituted basement membrane extract(BME)embedment in the context of promoting islet cell survival.Methods Mouse islet cells were isolated and embedded in BME for in vitro culture.Caspase-3,integrin-α1 and 5,PDX-1,Akt,FAK and phospho Erk were detected using Western blot.Results Islet cells embedded with BME were partially protected from apoptosis indicated by a lower caspase-3 level and an increased phosphoAkt activity compared with untreated control.In addition,an increase of α3-integrin,FAK protein level and FAK activity were observed as well.Furthermore,the expression of PDX-1 and phosphoErk at the 48 h mark were preserved,suggesting the positive effect of BME to islet activity.Conclusion These results indicate that the embedment of BME construction can up-regulate α3 integrin and its signal transduction,which may improve viability and function of islet cells.