Objective The aim of the study is to investigate whether the progressive incremental exercise can induce the change in bone maximum force.Methods One hundred and seventy healthy SD rats,aged 3 months,were used as samples after adaptive exercise for one week,and then they were divided to a basic control group(C_0),8 control groups and 8 exercise groups according to the training duration(2W,4W,6W,8W,9W,11W,13W and 15W).Based on Bedford and our pre-study.the longest training duration of the rats was 15 weeks.The maximum force(F) of femoral bone and the 2nd lumbar vertebrae(L_2)were tested by three-point bending test and compressive test separately.Results It was shown that there was no pronounced difference in F of femoral bone between con trol groups and exercise groups.But significant differences in F of L_2 were found between the control groups and exercise groups(P<0.001).Conclusions Changes in different degree were found in the F of femoral bone and L_2 during the process of growth.The differential effects of incremental exercise on F were caused by the difference in training intensities and in the bone types.

Objective To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Jingtongning Capsule. Methods Models of acute inflammatory reactions of croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat raw swelling and chronic inflammatory reaction of cotton ball-induced mouse granuloma in abdominal cavity were performed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of Jingtongning Capsule. Model of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of Jingtongning Capsule. Results Jingtongning Capsule significantly suppressed croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induce rat paw swelling. Cotton ball-induced mouse granuloma in abdominal cavity was also markedly reduced by Jingtongning Capsule. The writhing times of mice induced by acetic acid were decreased by Jingtongning Capsule. Conclusions Jingtongning Capsule has obvious anti-inflammatory effect on acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. The pain reactions induced by chemical stimulus was significantly relieved by Jingtongning Capsule.

Objective To investigate the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on the stroke.Methods 120 cases of stroke divided into rehabilitation group(60 cases)and control group(60 cases).They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment(FMA),Modified Barthel Index(MBI),and Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS)before and 1 month,3 months and 6 months after treatment respectively.Results The scores of FMA,MBI and SWLS were improved significantly in rehabilitation group,especially in the 1st month,while that of control group presented the tendency of decline.Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation is effective on motion function,activity of daily living and quality of life of stroke patients.

Objective: To investigate the smoking cessation intention and attempt to quit smoking among smokers at ages of 15 years and older in a district of Beijing Municipality, so as to provide insights into formulation of tobacco control interventions. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 15 years and older were sampled using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method from a district in Beijing Municipality, and all smokers were recruited. Participants' demographic features, tobacco use, intention to quit smoking, attempts to quit smoking and awareness of tobacco-related hazards were collected using the Beijing Adult Tobacco Survey. The intention and attempts to quit smoking were analyzed among smokers, and factors affecting the attempt to quit smoking were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 687 smokers were surveyed, including 669 men (97.38%), 497 from rural areas (72.34%), 351 daily smokers (51.09%), 336 occasional smokers (48.91%), 329 with intention to quit smoking (47.89%), and 178 with attempts to quit smoking during the past one year (25.91%). Univariable analysis showed that area, age, educational level, smoking status, tobacco health literacy and tobacco control information acquired from media were factors affecting intention and attempts to quit smoking among smokers (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that smokers with intention to quit smoking (OR=5.444, 95%CI: 3.585-8.268) and occasional smoking (OR=2.142, 95%CI: 1.312-3.497) were more likely to attempt to quit smoking. Conclusions Approximately half of smokers have intention to quit smoking in a district of Beijing Municipality; however, the percentage of attempts to quit smoking is low. Targeted interventions are required for smokers with different characteristics to improve the intention to quit smoking and promote smoking-quitting behaviors.

Purpose To evaluate the relative bioavailability of a domestic sustained-release metformin tablets (SRM) compared against an immediate-release metformin tablets (IRM) using a multiple-dose,two-way crossover design after a single-dose study. Methods Eighteen healthy adult male volunteers,aged 18 to 22 years (mean,20 years),weighing 55 to 76 kg (mean,64 kg) and with height ranging from 166 to 180 cm (mean,173 cm),and blood glucose levels from 4.0 to 5.9 mmol/L (mean,4.3 mmol/L) participated in the study.The concentrations of metformin in plasma were determined using a ion-pair liquid chromatographic method. Results In single-dose study,the mean residence time (MRT),Tmax,and apparent elimination half-life (T1/2) for SRM were significantly longer and Cmax significantly lower than the corresponding values determined for IRM.The similar results were also demonstrated in multiple-dose study.The mean values of the relative bioavaibility of SRM compared with IRM in two administration ways were (85.95±0.97)% and (86.44±7.88)%,respectively.The single-dose and multiple-dose administration of the 90% confidence interval for the ratio of the logarithmic transformed AUC values of SRM over those of IRM were calculated to lie between 0.83 and 0.88,0.83 and 0.89,respectively,being within the acceptable bioequivalence limit of 0.80～1.25. Conclusion SRM was of the characteristic of sustained-release pharmacokinetics.The relative bioavailability for single dosing was similar to that of multiple dosing,and both of the administration ways demonstrated bioequivalence in absorption between SRM and IRM.

Objective To assess the right ventricular (RV) performance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2-DM) by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI),and to explore the clinical value of RV longitudinal strain and strain rate.Methods Thirty-seven patients with 2-DM only and thirtyone patients coexisting diabetes and hypertension (DM + HTN) were studied.Thirty-nine healthy age matched persons served as control subjects.In each patient a conventional two-dimensional echocardiography was performed and also an echocardiographic study with strain/strain rate imaging was studied.Analysis of RV longitudinal systolic strain were obtained in the apical four-chamber view of the RV for the assessment of the RV free wall(F-PLSS),interventricular septum (S-PLSS) and the global RV wall (G-PLSS).The entire RV longitudinal peak systolic strain rate (G-SRs),peak early-diastolic strain rate (G-SRe) and peak late-diastolic strain rate (G-SRa) were performed in the apical four-chamber view.Results Compared with controls,F-PLSS,S-PLSS,G-PLSS,G-SRs and G-SRe were decreased in 2-DM and DM + HTN (all P ＜0.01),with lower values in DM + HTN (P ＜0.05).In the patients coexisting diabetes and hypertension,G-SRa was significantly lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with 2-DM,this difference was not significant in controls and DM + HTN (P ＞0.05).Conclusions No matte the patients of 2-DM with or without hypertension,the early changes of RV dysfunction can be found by 2D-STI.Patients coexisting diabetes and hypertension may have worse RV dysfunction.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM).Methods Twenty six patients diagnosed as ADM from January 2006 to January 2010 in PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical manifestation,laboratory findings,imaging manifestations,treatment and prognosis of the 26 patients were recorded.Results There were 18 females and 8 males with age of 30-68 years.Overall disease course after diagnosis was 2-18 months.All patients had Gottron rash and interstitial pneumonia.Fifteen patients had history of pulmonary infections.Three patients had comorbidity of tumor.Creatine phosphokinase,creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme,glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase were normal in all 26 patients.Four patients had positive anti-Jo-1 antibodies.Antinuclear antibodies were positive in nine patients.Electromyogram was slightly abnormal in 5 patients.Muscle biopsy was abnormal in 19 patients.Twenty patients had improved after receiving corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents.Six patients died.Conclusions It has been estimated that ADM represents approximately 20％ of all cases of dermatomyositis.It seems that patients with ADM have greater incidence of lung involvement and combined cancer.ADM patients need to be treated positively to improve the prognosis.

Objective To explore the immunomodulatory mechanism of 2-(-2-benzofuranyl )-2-imidazoline(2-BFI) in rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods Fifty fe-male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into five groups by random digit table , including con-trol group(n=10), EAE model group(n=10), low dose 2-BFI group(1.5 mg/kg, n=10), median dose 2-BFI group (3 mg/kg, n=10) and high dose 2-BFI group (6 mg/kg, n=10).The SD rat model of EAE was induced by immunizing with a guinea pigs′spinal cord homogenate ( GPSCH ) .The severity of EAE was scored according to the signs and symptoms .Pathological changes were observed through Hematoxylin-eosin staining, and then the degrees of inflammatory infiltration were evaluated .The number of activated neuroglia that expressed GFAP and iba 1 in lumbar cords was counted by immunohistochemistry .The expressions of IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in cervical cords were measured by ELISA .Results Compared with EAE group, rats in the low, median and high dose 2-BFI treatment group had lower incidence of EAE , prolonged latency and decreased CNS inflammation , but only the median dose group showed significant alleviation in clinical symptoms and decrease in CNS inflammatory cell infiltration (P<0.05).Immunohistochemical re-sults showed that the numbers of activated microglia were significantly inhibited ,but the numbers of activated astroglia were increased in the rats treated with median dose of 2-BFI in comparison with the EAE group ( P<0.05).Results of ELISA demonstrated that expressions of IL-1βand IFN-γin 3 mg/kg 2-BFI treated group were significantly decreased compared with that in the EAE group (P<0.05), but expressions of IL-4 and IL-10 were remarkably increased(P<0.05).Conclusion 2-BFI at median dose of 3 mg/kg has a benefi-cial neuroprotective effect on rats with EAE , and its mechanism might be related to immunodulation .

Objective To analyze the ability of rheumatologistto read the magnetic resonance imag of sacroiliac joint of spondyloarthritis patients.Methods The questionnaire survey were conducted among rheumatologists and the answers of the questionnaires were analyzed by quantitative analysis.Results 66.9％ (75/112) rheumatologist did not known how to choose the sequence of magnetic resonance imaging,and 55.4％(62/112) rheumatologist thought that bone marrow edema was very important for the diagnosis of spondyloarthritis,but only less than 10％ rheumatologists thought that erosion and fat infiltration could also h elp to make the diagnosis of spondy-loarthritis.Conclusion It is very important for rheumatologists to receive training on the reading of magnetic resonance images of sacroiliac joint of spondyloarthritis patients.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the antidepressant effects of bioactive compounds from paecilomyces tenuipes(BCPT)on expression of hippocampus and cortex mineralocorticoid receptor(MR),glucocorticoid receptor(GR)mRNA in CUS(chronic unpredictable stress)rats.METHODS:The depression model rat was produced by CUS,the therapy effect of BCPT was observed in CUS rats.It detected expression of hippocampus and cortex MR,GR mRNA with RT-PCR in CUS rats.RESULTS:BCPT could enhance the expression of hippocampus and cortex MR,GR mRNA or decrease the ratio of MR/GR mRNA in CUS rats.CONCLUSION:BCPT could obviously enhance the expression of hippocampus and cortex MR,GR mRNA or decrease the ratio of MR/GR mRNA in CUS rats,the result of this study suggested that BCPT possess certain antidepressant effect.