MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous;non-coding small RNA molecules;which can degradate target mRNA;or negatively regulate the expression of the corresponding target genes in the post transcriptional level through inhibiting target gene translation;inducing degradation and so on.MiRNAs exert important parts in the process of metabolism;cell growth;and development.MicroRNA 222 (miR-222) is an important member of microRNAs;which plays an important role in cell proliferation;differentiation;apoptosis and the development of a variety of biological tissues.Recent studies found that miR-222 could mediate a variety of physiological and pathological processes;and significantly influence the development of cardiovascular disease.MiR-222 has an important role in inflammatory response and apoptosis.Here;we reviewed the relationship between miR-222 and cardiovascular disease.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of aerobic exercise and miR-222 expression in myocardium of diabetic mice. Methods C57BL/ 6 mice were divided into 4 groups: normal non-exercise group (SC), normal exercise group(EC), non-exercise diabetic group(SD), and exercise diabetic group(ED). After the diabetic model was established successfully, EC and ED underwent a swimming training for 5 weeks. By the end of the experiment, light microscope was used to observe the pathological changes of heart, RT-PCR for myocardial miR-222 expression, and Western blot for phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten ( PTEN ), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) protein expressions in myocardial tissue. Results (1) Under the light microscope, the diabetic mice had a significant change in myocardial structure, with great disorder in the cell arrangement. After exercise intervention, the lesion was alleviated. (2) MiR-222 expression was increased in the myocardium of normal mice and DM mice after exercise (all P<0. 05); (3) Compared with SC group, PTEN expression was increased and PI3K/ Akt expressions were inhibited in myocardium of diabetic mice(all P <0. 05). After exercise intervention, the expression of PTEN reduced( P < 0. 05) and PI3K/ Akt pathway was reactivated in myocardium of diabetic mice (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Exercise intervention may protect the myocardium under high glucose via inducing miR-222 and activating PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of Aidi injection solution combined withcarboplatin on controlling malignant pleural effusion(MPE).Method A total of 86 cancer patients with appearedPME were selected as our subjected who hospitalized in the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu from Feb.2012to Mar.2013.They were randomly divided into the observation group(43 cases) and the control group(43cases).Patients in the oontrol group were treated with carboplatin at dose of 100 mg/per times which was putinto the thoracic cavity,and patients in the observation group was treated with Aidi injection solution at dose of100 mg/per times beside carbeplatin.The treatment period was 4 weeks.The effect information,quality of lifeand adverse reactions were recorded.Results The total effective rate and survival quality improvement rate inobservation group were 86.05％ (37/43) and 51.16％ (22/43),higher than those in control group (67.44％(19/43),30.23％ (13/43)),and the differences were significant(x2 =4.170,3.903 ; P ＜ 0.05).There wasno significant difference in terms of the related adverse reactions between two groups(P ＞0.05).ConclusionThe therapy of Aidi injection solution plus carboplatin on controlling MPE is proved to be effective and it canimprove patients' quality of life with better safety.Therefore it is worthy of recommendation.

Objective To explore the association of T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) gene polymorphism and IFN-γ levels with the incidence of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) in children. Methods A case-control study was conducted and 21 Han patients with PNS were selected and included in case group. Meanwhile, 20 each from Mongolian and Han were selected and assigned into control group and at least three generations of their family members were from the same nationality. PCR-restriction fragment polymorphism analysis was used to detect and analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon -574A/C in TIM-3 gene in PNS children and controls. Also the genotype and allele frequencies between the two groups were compared. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of serum IFN-γ and its changes was analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes (AA, AC, CC) of exon -574A/C in TIM-3 gene between the Han and Mongolian subgroups in control group (P=0.741). Neither did the allele frequency between the two groups (P=0.655). Compared with control group (Han and Mongolian), the frequencies of AA, AC and CC genotypes were 9.52%, 28.57% and 61.90% respectively in -574A/C loci of the Han nationality children with PNS. There was significant difference in genotypes distribution between the two groups (P=0.017). The frequency of C allele in PNS children of Han nationality was 76.2% which was higher than that in normal control group (50%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). Compared with A allele carriers, the risk of PNS in C allele carriers increased by 3.20 times (95%CI: 1.39～7.37). There were no significant differences in serum IFN-γ among the Han nationality with PNS, Han and Mongolian normal control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The single nucleotide polymorphism of the exon -574A/C of TIM-3 gene may be related to the pathogenesis of PNS in children. In addition, IFN-γ is not associated with the incidence of primary nephrotic syndrome in children.

BACKGROUND:In recent years, neural stem cell transplantation has become a research hotspot in the treatment of brain injuries, such as cerebral ischemia, but the mechanism has not been fully elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of neural stem cell transplantation on neuronal apoptosis and differentiation and neurobehaviors in cerebral ischemia rats.METHODS:Ninety Sprague-Dawley rats with cerebral ischemia were randomized into model group, phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group and neural stem cell group (n=30 per group). Another 30 rats were selected as sham operation group with vascular exposure but with no occlusion under anesthesia. Thirty normal 30 rats acted as controls with no treatment. Thereafter, neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarction volume, the number of apoptotic nerve cells,BrdU/NeuN and BrdU/GFAP expression were detected at 3, 7, 14 days after modeling.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:On the 7th day and 14th day after modeling, the neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct volume and the number of apoptotic nerve cells in the neural stem cell group were significantly lower than those in the model group and PBS group (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the model group and PBS group (P > 0.05). On the 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day after modeling, the neurological deficit scores and the number of apoptotic nerve cells in the control group and sham operation group were significantly lower than those in the model group, PBS group and neural stem cell group (P < 0.05). On the 3rd day after modeling, the BrdU/NeuN positive cell count in the model, PBS and neural stem cell groups showed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05); on the 7th day and 14th day after modeling, the BrdU/NeuN positive cell count in the neural stem cell group was significantly higher than that in the model group and PBS group (P < 0.05), but the difference between the model group and PBS group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). On the 3rd day, 7th day and 14th day after modeling, BrdU/GFAP positive cell count in the neural stem cell group was significantly lower than that in the model group and PBS group (P < 0.05),and the latter two groups had no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). In summary, neural stem cell transplantation for cerebral ischemia contributes to the neuronal differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and ease ischemic damage to the rat neurological function.

Objective To study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Jingtongning Capsule. Methods Models of acute inflammatory reactions of croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induced rat raw swelling and chronic inflammatory reaction of cotton ball-induced mouse granuloma in abdominal cavity were performed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of Jingtongning Capsule. Model of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was used to study the analgesic effect of Jingtongning Capsule. Results Jingtongning Capsule significantly suppressed croton oil-induced mouse ear edema and carrageenan-induce rat paw swelling. Cotton ball-induced mouse granuloma in abdominal cavity was also markedly reduced by Jingtongning Capsule. The writhing times of mice induced by acetic acid were decreased by Jingtongning Capsule. Conclusions Jingtongning Capsule has obvious anti-inflammatory effect on acute and chronic inflammatory reactions. The pain reactions induced by chemical stimulus was significantly relieved by Jingtongning Capsule.

Objective: To observe the therapeutical effects of Lipo PGE_ 1 in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: 42 cases of type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were recruited and were divided into two groups at random:therapy group treated with Lipo PGE_ l and control group treated with Vitamine B_ 1 and Vitamine B_ l2 . Results: After a treatment of 20 days,symptoms such as pain,numbness and hypoesthesia in cases of therapy group had been improved at different degrees.Examination of Neuroelectrophysiology indicated an increase of sensory nerves conduction velocity and motor nerve conduction velocity.The effects of therapy group outweighed that of control group. Conclusion: Lipo PGE_ 1 can significantly relief the symptoms of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and increase nerve conduction velocity.The mechanism of action may involve improvement of blood-supply of nerve by vasodilatation and inhibition of platelet aggregation that caused by PGE_ l .

Objective To investigate the efficacy of recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO) in treating the anemia in obstrics. Methods 40 antepartum anemia patients and 36 postpartum anemia patients were treated with rHuEPO 8000IU intravenously. Another 40 antepartum and 36 postpartum anemia patients were selected as control. Oral supplementation of iron and folic acid were used both in study and control group. Results The hemoglobin level was increased significantly in the study group than control group both in the prenatal and postpartum anemia patients. ( P0.05 )。 Conclusion rHuEPO therapy for obstetric anemia is effective and safe.

Objective To evaluate the effect of ZISHENYUTAIWAN in the treatment of threatened abortion. Methods From March to September 2000, ZISHENYUTAIWAN was used to treat 221 cases of early threatened abortion and 10 cases of late threatened abortion in 8 hospitals in Beijing. Results Effective rate of early threatened abortion is 91.89%. Conclusions ZISHENYUTAIWAN is effective and with less side effect for early threatened abortion.

Objective:To evaluate the acute toxicity and protective effects of polysaccharide from Schisandrae sphenantherae Fruc-tus in the mice with acute liver injury induced by CCl4 . Methods:The classical acute toxicity tests were used to determine the maxi-mum drug loading (MLD) and observe the acute toxicity. The acute liver injury model was induced by 0. 5% CCl4. Sixty mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, CCl4 model group, bifendatatum model group and polysaccharide group respectively at high (1388 mg·kg-1), medium (694 mg·kg-1) and low (347 mg·kg-1) dose groups with 10 ones in each. After 6-day drug treatment, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) were determined by kits. Histopatho-logical examination was also carried out. Results: General behavior, body weight and organ examination in the acute toxicity tests showed no obvious changes. Compared with those in the model group, the levels of AST in the three polysaccharide groups significantly decreased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), the levels of ALT in polysaccharide group at high and medium doses significantly decreased(P<0. 01), and the liver tissue damage was improved to a certain extent as well. Conclusion: Polysaccharide from Schisandrae sphenan-therae Fructus has protective effects on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice with low acute toxicity.