Objective To study the influence of different routes of keyhole limpet hemocyanin ( KLH) immuniza-tion on the T-cell-dependent antibody response in mice.Methods SPF Kunming mice were divided into four groups: the intravenous injection group, subcutaneous injection group, intraperitoneal injection group and control group.Each mouse was injected 200 μg KLH intravenously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally daily for consecutive 10 days, respectively. Mice in the control group were given solvent injection only.Serum concentration of IgG stimulated by KLH antigen was measured 7 days after the last dosing.Spleen was isolated to calculate the organ coefficient and examined by pathology u-sing hematoxylin and eosin staining.Results Intravenously, subcutaneously and intraperitoneally administered KLH stimu-lated the generation of secondary lymphoid follicles and germinal center to varying degrees, B cell apoptosis, increased a-mount of cells in the marginal zone and other pathological changes were observed in the spleen.Intravenous and intraperito-neal administration of KLH led to more pronounced pathological changes compared with that in the subcutaneous injection group.All of the three administration routes of KLH induced generation of IgG antibody, significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Intravenous injection of KLH generated the highest concentration of IgG and organ coefficient among the three administration routes ( P<0.05) .Conclusions Different immunization routes do affect the production of IgG antibody, organ coefficient and pathological changes in the spleen, and these differences should be taken into consider-ation when analyzing the T cell dependent antibody response in mice.

Objective To compare coagulation data measured with domestic produced and imported coagulation testing solutions on SD rat and human by testing prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time(TT), fibrinogen(FIB).Methods Blood samples were obtained from SPF SD rat and human .Domestic produced and imported coagulation testing solutions were applied to test PT , APTT, TT, and FIB.Results Compared to rat data measured with imported coagulation testing solution , data measured with domestic produced coagulation testing solution of PT, APTT, FIB was significantly higher (P<0.05), while, data of TT was statistically lower(P<0.05), and there was no obvious difference in human blood coagulation .Conclusion The data measured with different coagulation testing solution varies on SD rat , so the laboratories are required to establish reference data according to different products .

ObjectiveBoth kilovolt (KV) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and KV radiography can determine set-up errors for patients with head-and-neck cancer.This study is to compare their performance.Methods16 patients with head and neck cancer were enrolled in this study.There were 160 sets of CBCT and corresponding orthogonal radiography images.Through registration of CBCT images with the planning CT images,and registration of radiography images with the digitally reconstructed radiographs,translational set-up errors were determined along left-right (x),super-inferior (y),and anterior-posterior (z) directions.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation of the set up errors determined by the two methods,and Bland-Altman plot analysis was used to assess the coincidence of these two methods.ResultsThe Pearson coefficient of correlation along all three directions was less than 0.01,and R2 was 0.95,0.84,0.81 on x,y,z,respectively.That means high correlation for two methods.The Bland-Altman plot analysis showed that the 95％ agreement limits of agreement were within preset 2 mm tolerance (x[ 1.3mm,- 1.2mm],y[ 1.6mm,- 1.1mm],z[0.8mm,-1.4 mm] ),which indicates an agreement exists for two methods.ConclusionsFor determination of set-up errors for patients with head and neck cancer,KV radiography is equivalent to CBCT.Considering CBCT delivers higher dose than KV radiography,but provides more soft tissue information.We suggest to use these two methods combinative in clinic.

Objective To introduce a modified replantation for thumb rotating avulsion amputation,and to evaluate its short term clinical outcome.Methods From January 2007 to July 2009,7 patients with thumb rotating avulsion amputation underwent replantation,including 6 males and 1 female,aged from 21 to 47 years (average,28.3 years).The amputation level of each thumb was metacarpophalangeal joint.During operation,fusion of metacarpophalangeal joint was performed according to injury degree of soft tissue; interphalangeal joint of the thumb was fixed in 15 degrees of flexion by sewing flexor pollicis longus muscle tendon and extensor pollicis longus muscle tendon to tendon sheath or soft tissue; the superficial vein harvested from ipsilateral forearm was used to bridge the dorsal carpal branch of radial artery and the ulnar palmacollateral artery of the thumb; direct anastomoses of dorsal veins were performed in 6 cases and venous transplantation in 1 case; and bilateral nerves were transferred to the back of the first metacarpal and anastomosed to the superficial branch of the radial nerve.Results All 7 replanted thumbs survived completely.Arterial crisis occurred in 1 case after operation,which was cured after operative and medication treatment.The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 24 months.The appearance and opposition function of replanted thumbs were satisfactory and the sensation of fingertip recovered to S4 in 4 cases and to S3 in 3 cases.The two point discrimination ranged from 8 to 12 mm.Conclusion Because bridging the dorsal carpal branch of radial artery and the ulnar palmar collateral artery of the thumb with a superficial vein harvested from ipsilateral forearm to reconstruct blood supply of the thumb is available and easy to be performed,this modified replantation is an ideal way to repair thumb rotating avulsion amputation.

Objective To investigate the effects of preoperative iv different doses of pantoprazole on acidity of gastric fluid in patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients aged 38-80 yr,weighing 44-72 kg undergoing elective surgery were randomly allocated into 3 groups (n = 20 each): group Ⅰ control (group C); group Ⅱ pantoprazole 40 mg(group P1) and group Ⅲ pantoprazole 80 mg(group P2). The patients received intravenous normal saline (NS) 100 ml, pantoprazole 40 and 80 mg in NS 100 ml respectively in group C, P1 and P2 at 30 min before surgery. Gastric content was aspirated using a gastric tube on the patients'arrival in the operating room and at 1,2 h and the end of surgery. The pH of the gastric fluid was measured. The adverse effects including dizziness, diarrhea, PONV and incidence of stress ulcer were recorded. Results The pH was significantly increased in group P1 and P2 as compared with control group but there was no significant difference in pH between group P1 and P2 . There were no significant difference in the incidence of stress ulcer and pH of the gastric fluid≤2.5 among the 3 groups. Conclusion Preoperative intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg can effectively increase pH of gastric juice and is helpful in reducing the incidence of stress ulcer and the risk of acid aspiration.

Relying on the experience of designing the WLAN commanding system for medical service indemnity in field hospital,this article describes the technique and the secure of WLAN,the component of hardware and the function of software in the commanding system,which gives a reference to set up field commanding system rapidly at wartime.

Objective To explore the immune function of the whole body and the tumor site of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients as well as its correlation with CCR4. Methods The ratios of CD4~+CD25~+T cells and CCR4+cells to lymphocytes were measured by flow cytometry in tissues (25 cases) and peripheral blood (35 cases) from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and then statistical analysis was made. Results The ratios of CD4~+CD25~+T cells and CCR4+ cells in tissue and peripheral blood of NPC were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). In NPC the ratios of the two cells in tissue were higher than in peripheral blood respectively (P<0.05), but there was no such difference between tissue and peripheral blood in the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of CD4~+CD25~+T cells in tissue at stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ was higher than that at stage Ⅰ+Ⅱ of NPC (P<0.05), but there was no such difference between the two stages in peripheral blood in NPC. There was a positive correlation between CD4~+CD25~+T cells and CCR4+ cells in tissue and peripheral blood of NPC (P<0.05). Conclusion NPC patients have different immunosuppression, and there is even more severe immunosuppression in the tumor site. The ratio of CD4~+CD25~+T cells is correlated with the stage of NPC. Therefore, as NPC progresses to later stages, the percentage of CD4~+CD25~+T cells is increased, which is correlated with poor prognosis. CCR4 plays an important role in reactant of CD4~+CD25~+T cells to tumor sites, and is resistant to immunosurveillance.

Objective To evaluate the reasons of positive MR findings and negative radionuclide bone scan in the spinal metastasis.Methods 68 patients with spinal metastasis were undergone MR scan and radionuclide bone scan.MRI appearances including the site,location and their relation to the cortex of bone were analyzed. The relationship between MRI and radionuclide bone scan appearances were also analyzed.Results 561 lesions were detected by MRI,and only 199 lesions were found by raionuclide(199/561=35.47%).133 lesions located in the bone marrow without cortex erosion were not detected by radionuclide bone scan. The detective ratios of lesions located in the subcortex and through cortex were 25.58%(55/215) and 67.61%(144/213) on radionuclide bone scan respectively. The detective ratios in small lesions (

Objective To study on the relationship between the TCM Syndromes and neurological impairment of stroke patients.Methods The clinical data of ischemic stroke which based on the clinical information collecting platform was extracted to test whether there was a linear relationship between the Criterion for Diagnosis and Differentiation of Syndromes of Stroke (CDDSS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) by means of SPSS 12.0 and genetic algorithm.If there was not a linear relationship between CDDSS and NIHSS,the nonlinear relationship was to be tested by means of BP nerve net,LVQ nerve net,Fuzzy ARTMAP nerve net and Support Vector Machine (SVM).Results There was no linear relationship existed between CDDSS and NIHSS with the application of SPSS 12.0 and genetic algorithm.There existed a complicated nonlinear relationship between CDDSS and NIHSS by using BP nerve net,LVQ nerve net,Fuzzy ARTMAP nerve net and Support Vector Machine (SVM).Conclusion Between CDDSS and NIHSS,there isn't a linear relationship,but a complicated nonlinear relationship.

Objective To evaluate the systematic and random set-up errors in patients immobilized with thermoplastic device during radiotherapy, and to determine the proper margins extended from clinical target volume ( CTV ) or internal target volume ( ITV ) to planning target volume ( PTV ). Methods From March 2007 to September 2007,120 patients were included in this study, including 13 receiving head and neck irradiation, 67 thoracic irradiation and 40 abdominal irradiation. All patients were immobilized with thermoplastic device and received CT simulation and intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT). X-ray cone beam CT was regularly performed before treatment and the images were compared with the simulation CT images. The shift and rotation in right-left( R-L), superior-inferior(S-I) and anterior-posterior(A-P) directions were recorded and analyzed. The shift margin from CTV or ITV to PTV was calculated with the equation, margin = 2'mean + 0.7'standard deviation. Results In head and neck region, the shift errors in R-L,S-I and A-P directions were(0.13 ±0.15) cm, (0.13 ±0.17) cm and(0.11 ±0.14) cm,and the corresponding rotation errors were 1.05°± 0.77°,0.87°± 1.13° and 0.68°±0.89°. The margins from CTV to PTV were 0.37 cm,0.38 cm and 0.31 cm,respectively. In thoraci region,the shift errors in R-L,S-I and AP directions were(0.20 ±0.27) cm, (0.34 ±0.44) cm and(0.25±0.31 ) cm,and the corresponding rotation errors were 1.06°±1.45° ,0.85°±1.23° and 0.78°±1.08°. The shift margins from ITV to PTV were 0.59 cm, 1.00 cm and 0.72 cm. In abdominal region, the shift errors in R-L, S-I and A-P directions were (0.23 ± 0.30) cm, (0.37 ±0.45 ) cm and ( 0.27 ±0.34 ) cm, and the corresponding rotation errors were 1.22°±1.56°, 1.05°± 1.44°and 0.98°± 1.24°. The shift margins from CTV or ITV to PTV were 0.66 cm, 1.05 cm and 0.78 cm. Conclusions Cone beam CT can be used in the precise measure of set-up errors,which can provide institution-specific margins for PTV designing in patients immobilized with thermoplastic device.