Iodine is an essential trace element,its physiological function is realized through thyroid hormone,both iodine deficiency and excess have influences on human health.After 20-year implementation of universal salt iodization in China,the iodine deficiency disorders have been controlled effectively,while the problem of iodine excess emerged.Because of different geographical environment,dietary habits and physiological status,some people did exposed to high level of iodine.In recent years,domestic and foreign scholars carried out series of researches aiming at disclose the effects of iodine excess on human health.The health problems induced by high iodine intaking are goiter,hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,autoimmune thyroiditis and thyroid cancer et al.Therefore,when preventing and treating iodine deficiency,iodine excess should also be avoided,so as to achieve the ideal goal of adjust measurements according to local conditions,classification guidance,and scientific iodine supplementation.

Objective To discuss the correlation between the dysmenorrhea and TCM constitutions among the junior high school girls of Shanghai suburb; To analyze the influencing factors; To provide references for the prevention of dysmenorrhea. Methods By using cluster sampling during December 2015 to January 2016, the questionnaire surveys which included the general situation, the classification and determination of TCM constitution self-test and COX Menstrual Symptom Scale were used for the junior high school girls from the suburb area of Shanghai to analyze the relationship between dysmenorrhea and TCM constitutions and the influencing factors. Results The incidence rate of dysmenorrhea was 29.52% (93/315) in junior high school girls from the suburb area of Shanghai. There was statistical significance in body height and menarche age among girls with and without dysmenorrhea (P<0.05). The rank correlation coefficient of dysmenorrhea and gentleness type was -0.130 (P=0.021). The rank correlation coefficients of dysmenorrhea and pathological constitution (except for special diathesis type) were all greater than 0 (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there was statistical significance in the incidence of different coagula in menses, different inheritance of dysmenorrhea, different sleep quality, different learning pressure, different emotional state and different physical exercises (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that influence factors of dysmenorrhea were inheritance of dysmenorrhea, learning pressure and yin-deficiency constitution. Conclusion The pathological constitution is the susceptible constitution of dysmenorrhea of junior high school girls. Yin-deficiency constitution, inheritance of dysmenorrhea and learning pressure can increase the incidence of dysmenorrhea. It is suggested that the corresponding preventive measures should be taken to achieve the purpose of prevention dysmenorrhea by regulating and improving yin-deficiency constitution.

0.990).The intra-assay and inter-assay variation of the method was 3.10 % and 4.93 %,respectively.The all-trans ratinoic acid(ATRA) up-regulated t-PA mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner(1.25~20.00 ?mol?L~(-1),P

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a commonly seen functional intestinal disorder. Dietary factors are important factors affecting the abdominal symptoms of IBS patients. Aims:To investigate the effect of dietary factors on abdominal symptoms of IBS and the application of dietary adjustment strategy in patients lived in Xian,Shaanxi Province and the surrounding areas. Methods:Fifty-four outpatients with abdominal complaints who met the Rome Ⅲ criteria of IBS from Feb. 2015 to Jul. 2015 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University were enrolled. Twenty healthy volunteers were served as controls. All subjects completed a questionnaire containing issues mainly on IBS symptoms, eating habits,dietary factors causing abdominal symptoms,and the patients’coping styles. Results:Compared with healthy controls,more rice and less spicy food,fatty food,raw/ cold food,acidic beverages and alcohol drinking were observed in diet of IBS patients(P all < 0. 05). Abdominal symptoms of IBS patients could be caused or exacerbated predominantly by cold food(55. 6% ),fatty food(55. 6% ),raw food(48. 1% ),meat(48. 1% )and spicy food (40. 7% ). More than half of the IBS patients(63. 0% ) adopted an elimination diet to minimize their abdominal symptoms. Spicy food(59. 3% ),raw food(48. 1% ),cold food(44. 4% ),fatty food(44. 4% )and meat(37. 0% ) were the most frequently eliminated classes of food. Conclusions:Dietary factors can affect the abdominal symptoms of IBS in patients lived in Xian,Shaanxi Province and the surrounding areas and elimination diet based on foods they perceive as problematic is widely used. The classes of food and eating habits causing abdominal symptoms are quite different between domestic and overseas IBS patients.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determining contents of 5 anthraquinones constituents in Sanhuang drop pills. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The column was Diamonsil C18 with the mobile phase of methanol-0.23% phosphoric acid(85∶15,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 440 nm and the volume temperature was room tem-perature. The sample size was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.070-0.700 μg for aloeemodin(r=0.999 9),0.646-6.460 μg for rhein(r=0.999 9),0.130-1.300 μg for emodin(r=0.999 9),0.150-1.500 μg for chrysophanol(r=0.999 9)and 0.074-0.740 μg for physcion(r=0.999 9),respectively. The RSDs of precision,stability and repeatability tests were no more than 1.96%. The av-erage recoveries were respectively 100.92%(RSD=2.80%,n=9),97.39%(RSD=1.39%,n=9),99.29%(RSD=1.81%,n=9), 100.73%(RSD=2.60%,n=9)and 99.81%(RSD=2.06%,n=9). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and specific, and can used for the content control of 5 constituents in Sanhuang drop pills.

Baicalein-nicotinamide(BE-NCT)co-crystal was chosen as model drug to investigate the thermody-namic characteristics.Solubilities of BE in NCT solutions in ethyl acetate at different temperatures were deter-mined in order to explain the complexation behavior of BE-NCT co-crystal.Thermodynamic parameters of co-crys-tal formation progress were calculated.Ternary phase diagrams (TPDs)of the BE-NCT-ethyl acetate systems at various temperatures were established.The non-linear fitting equation according to 1 ∶1 complexation mechanism of BE-NCT co-crystal demonstrated a good correlation between calculated and experimental data (R2 >0.98). Co-crystal formation is a spontaneous process(ΔG°<0).Increase in temperature resulted in the increase of Ksp;decrease of K11 and a narrowed co-crystal zone.The degree of spontaneous reaction also decreased with increased temperature.The spontaneous reaction no longer carried out if the temperature reached T* =315 K sinceΔG°=0(ΔH°=-6.314 ×10 -2 kJ/mol;ΔS°=-0.200 5 J/mol.K).A drop in temperature favors the complexation between BE and NCT in ethyl acetate.Since NCT has higher solubility than BE in ethyl acetate;the TPDs of co-crystal was asymmetric.The DSC diagrams of products prepared via three presupposed methods confirmed that the BE-NCT co-crystal could be generated in solutions of nonstoichiometric compositions.

BACKGROUND; Authors have proposed the hypothesis that, the mechanism change may result in the mismatch between the energy production and energy consumption during the aerobic exercise, and pyruvate can be transformed into lactic acid, which may prevent the accumulation of pyruvate in cytoplasm and in the energy production of glycolysis so as to ensure the fast energy supply in zymolysis; the mechanism of this biochemical event may be the adjustment of energizing velocity via glycomechanism zymolysis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of oxygen inhalation on metabolic transition, study the mechanism of metabolic transition under the lactate threshold intensity in human body and animal, and verify the result consistency between the two.DESIGN: Randomized control observation.SETTING: Department of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University; Department of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 24 male university students majoring physical education were adopted, weight (58±4) kg,height (175±6) cm, age (21 ±2) years. They were consisted of 12 Level B national athletes and12 common students.Additionally 30 SD male rats were used.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Physical and Physiological Function, Department of Physical Education in Hebei Normal University from April to June in 2006. Twenty-four students were recruited to exercise incrementally in ergometer; in addition, thirty SD rats were assigned to swim incrementally, 15 rats in each group. First, the intensities of metabolic transition were determined, then the exercise protocol was repeated on the conditions of inhaling and not inhaling oxygen. For student group, 50 W loading was incremented every 2 minutes, while the rats were added with 1% of their weights until unacceptable. Gradually incremented loading was used to transform the aerobic mechanism to anaerobic mechanism. The vein blood oxygen partial pressure, pyruvate and lactate contents were measured before and during the exercise (lactate threshold intensity) to evidence the reliability and validity of hypothesis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The vein blood oxygen partial pressure, pyruvate and lactate contents under lactate threshold intensity and oxygen inhaling supplementary.RESULTS: All 24 testees and 30 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①During the gradually incremented exercise,the lactic acid curve obtained at the end of 2-minute loading showed the difference of metabolic transition intensity and training level in accordance with individual lactic acid threshold, which was obviously lower in the trained exercisers.②Under the lactate threshold intensity, the blood lactate was not correlated to the oxygen partial pressure whether in human body or rats and whether inhaling oxygen or not [(3.61±0.56), (5.43±0.55) mmol/L; (4.46±0.86), (7.80±0.27) kPa,r =0.31, 0.31, P ＞ 0.05]; there was significant difference between the blood lactate and pyruvate contents [(1.04±0.16),(0.91±0.37) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.001]. The human body's saturation of blood oxygen was no less than 98% during the entire protocol. ③Under the repeated exercise and lactate threshold intensity, the pyruvate average value was (0.97±0.17),(1.04±0.16) mmol/L; (0.93±0.25), (0.91 ±0.37) mmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the blood pyruvate before the exercise and under the lactate threshold intensity in both human body and animals (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is no hypoxia at the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Oxygen inhaling supplementary has no influence on the mechanism transition; It is not easy for the pyruvate to pass the myocyte membrane, but the lactate can. The result demonstrates that the pyruvate can transform to lactate directly, which can also prevent the accumulation of pyruvate in kytoplasm.

Objective To explore Naukan therapy and health education combined with drug treatment clinical efficacy in the treatment of alcohol dependence.Methods The 66 cases of male alcohol dependent patients were randomly divided into study group (33 cases) and control group (33 cases),and both of patients were taking generic drugs.The study group was given Naukan treatment (including centralized within concept and dispersion Vipassana),and the control group received health education (including collective health education and individual health education).Duration of treatment was 4 weeks,the total number of hours were 55.5 h,56 h.Obsessive compulsive drinking scale(OCDS),social support rating scale (SSRS),Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) for the two groups before and after treatment; and follow-up the rate of recovery drink three months after hospital discharge.Results ① OCDS score after treatment in the study group was lower than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant ((48.21 ± 2.05) vs.(54.15 ± 2.01),t =11.885,P＜0.01).②After treatment SSRS total score,objective support,subjective support,social utilization factor scores were higher than those in the control group,and differences were statistically significant ((49.05±5.63)vs.(40.15±6.50),t=5.946,P=0.000) ; ((14.32±3.51) vs.(8.72±6.22),t=4.504,P＜ 0.05) ; (27.02±4.26) vs.(19.45±4.92),t=6.682,P=0.000; (10.02±3.30) vs.(7.52±3.86),t=2.828,P=0.006).③MMPI with schizophrenia (Sc),paranoia (Pa),mental weakness (Pt),psychopathy (Pd) ie 8/6/7/4 model-based in two groups,and Sc,Pa,Pd,Pt dimensions of the original sub in study group were lower than those in the control group after treatment,in addition to outside Pt differences were statistically significant ((25.43 ± 6.76) vs.(29.01 ± 6.72),t =2.158,P=0.035; (14.12±6.01) vs.(18.32±6.42),t=2.744,P=0.008; (18.63±6.85) vs.(23.29±6.12),t=2.342,P=0.022).④Redrinking rate in study group was 39.39％ (11/33),and 72.73％ (24/33)in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =7.44,P＜0.05).Conclusion The Naukan therapy combined with general drug treatment can solve the problem of patients with alcohol dependenceof alcohol dependence in the psychological and physiological aspects,and its efficacy is superior to general health education combined drug therapy.

Objective Toinvestigate iodine nutrition,thyroid volume and function of children and women in high water iodine areas,and to discuss the cut-off point of water iodine level where should be defined as iodine excessive areas.Methods In iodine excessive townships in Xiaodian and Qingxu Counties of Taiyuan City,all villages were divided to 4 groups according to the concentration of iodine in drinking water:50 ～ ＜ 100 μg/L (Group A),100 ～ ＜ 150 μg/L(Group B),150 ～ ＜ 300 μg/L(Group C) and ≥300 μg/L(Group D),and 2-3 villages were randomly selected from each group as investigation sites.Two hundred children aged 8-10 and 60 women (20 pregnant women,20 breasffeeding women and 20 women of childbearing age,respectively) were sampled.Drinking water,edible salt and once random urine samples for each studying object were collected,and the iodine content was measured.The goiter volume of children aged 8-10 and triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of women were determined.Results Totally 708 children and 236 women were selected as respondents who ate non-iodized salt.Iodine content in drinking water of children in groups A,B,C and D was 73.8,144.7,258.5 and 501.0 μg/L,respectively,and that of women was 73.8,144.7,242.7 and 485.9 μg/L,respectively.Median urinary iodine of children in groups A,B,C and D was 274.3,312.8,455.6 and 793.5 μg/L,respectively,and that of women was 238.3,235.2,371.6 and 641.6 μg/L,respectively.The median urinary iodine of children and women increased with increasing water content of iodine.The goiter rate of children was 5.6％ (11/196),13.2％ (25/189),12.6％ (20/158) and 10.9％ (18/165) for each group,respectively,which also increased with increasing water content of iodine.In groups A,C and D,the FT3 and FT4 levels[pmol/L:(3.70 ± 0.59),(14.01 ± 2.44); (3.43 ± 0.57),(12.87 ± 2.12); (3.42 ± 0.47),(12.66 ±1.78)] in pregnant woman were lower than those in breasffeeding women[pmol/L:(4.26 ± ±0.57),(14.73 ± 2.36;(4.28 ± 0.40),(14.77 ± 1.19); (4.36 ± 0.65),(15.66 ± 2.84)] and women of childbearing age[pmol/L:(4.80 ±0.50),(17.47 ± 2.11); (4.21 ± 0.48),(15.83 ± 1.64); (4.26 ± 0.52),(15.53 ± 1.81)].With increasing water content of iodine,FT4 level was decreasing and TSH level was increasing gradually in women.Conclusions When water iodine exceeds 100 μg/L,goiter rate of children has increased significantly.Iodine excessive women and children have appeared one after another with increasing water content of iodine.Women incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism risk has increased with increasing water content of iodine,and the detection rate of subclinical hypothyroidism is significantly higher when water iodine is higher than 300 μg/L.The cut-off point of iodine excessive areas should be descend from 150 μg/L to 100 μg/L.

Objective Clarify the effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on endothelial cell injury, and investigate whether the heparin can exert a protective effect on endothelial cells by reducing the endothelial cell injury induced by NETs.Methods Neutrophils (PMN) were obtained from healthy human peripheral blood by Percoll-Histopaque density gradient centrifugation, and was stimulated with phorbol ester (PMA) to induce NETs. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of NETs was detected by immunofluorescence staining combined with fluorescence detector. The NETs were used to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)in vitro. Recombinant DNA hydrolytic enzymes (rhDNase) and heparin intervention were added respectively. The activity of HUVEC was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method after 6 hours.Results PMA can stimulate PMN to produce NETs. Immunofluorescence staining showed the formation of reticular formation around the PMN. The concentration of cell-free DNA in the supernatant of PMN stimulated by PMA was significant increased compared with the control group through the detection of PicoGreen fluorescent labeling instrument (2 hours: 119.62±14.83 vs. 24.27±0.67, 4 hours: 146.67±21.24 vs. 28.35±2.98, bothP < 0.05). Application of NETs to stimulate the HUVEC, cell damage was dose dependent and inhibition rate increased gradually. The endothelial cell inhibition induced by NETs can be antagonized after adding rhDNase [10μg/L NETs: (8.65±0.51)% vs. (10.99±0.35)%, 20μg/L NETs:(14.85±0.43)% vs. (16.85±0.49)%, 30μg/L NETs: (26.06±3.51)% vs. (27.54±0.62)%, allP < 0.05]. Heparin with different concentrations were added into the experimental group (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 kU/L). We found that the endothelial cell inhibition rate decreased compared with control group [10μg/L NETs: (8.96±0.70)%, (5.32±1.36)%, (0.70±0.30)%, (0.75±0.20)% vs. (10.99±0.35)%; 20μg/L NETs: (15.57±0.62)%, (13.28±0.65)%, (6.91±0.15)%, (5.86±0.17)% vs. (16.85±0.49)%; 30μg/L NETs: (30.49±0.74)%, (29.41±1.41)%, (23.45±0.75)%, (21.72±1.52)% vs. (27.54±0.62)%, allP < 0.05].Conclusions NETs can induce endothelial cell injury, and the injury degree was increased with the concentration of NETs. Heparin can reduce endothelial cell injury induced by NETs, which may be a potential mechanism for the protective effect of heparin on sepsis.