BACKGROUND; Authors have proposed the hypothesis that, the mechanism change may result in the mismatch between the energy production and energy consumption during the aerobic exercise, and pyruvate can be transformed into lactic acid, which may prevent the accumulation of pyruvate in cytoplasm and in the energy production of glycolysis so as to ensure the fast energy supply in zymolysis; the mechanism of this biochemical event may be the adjustment of energizing velocity via glycomechanism zymolysis.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of oxygen inhalation on metabolic transition, study the mechanism of metabolic transition under the lactate threshold intensity in human body and animal, and verify the result consistency between the two.DESIGN: Randomized control observation.SETTING: Department of Physical Education, Hebei Normal University; Department of Physical Education, Langfang Teachers College.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 24 male university students majoring physical education were adopted, weight (58±4) kg,height (175±6) cm, age (21 ±2) years. They were consisted of 12 Level B national athletes and12 common students.Additionally 30 SD male rats were used.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Physical and Physiological Function, Department of Physical Education in Hebei Normal University from April to June in 2006. Twenty-four students were recruited to exercise incrementally in ergometer; in addition, thirty SD rats were assigned to swim incrementally, 15 rats in each group. First, the intensities of metabolic transition were determined, then the exercise protocol was repeated on the conditions of inhaling and not inhaling oxygen. For student group, 50 W loading was incremented every 2 minutes, while the rats were added with 1% of their weights until unacceptable. Gradually incremented loading was used to transform the aerobic mechanism to anaerobic mechanism. The vein blood oxygen partial pressure, pyruvate and lactate contents were measured before and during the exercise (lactate threshold intensity) to evidence the reliability and validity of hypothesis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The vein blood oxygen partial pressure, pyruvate and lactate contents under lactate threshold intensity and oxygen inhaling supplementary.RESULTS: All 24 testees and 30 rats were involved in the result analysis. ①During the gradually incremented exercise,the lactic acid curve obtained at the end of 2-minute loading showed the difference of metabolic transition intensity and training level in accordance with individual lactic acid threshold, which was obviously lower in the trained exercisers.②Under the lactate threshold intensity, the blood lactate was not correlated to the oxygen partial pressure whether in human body or rats and whether inhaling oxygen or not [(3.61±0.56), (5.43±0.55) mmol/L; (4.46±0.86), (7.80±0.27) kPa,r =0.31, 0.31, P ＞ 0.05]; there was significant difference between the blood lactate and pyruvate contents [(1.04±0.16),(0.91±0.37) mmol/L, P ＜ 0.001]. The human body's saturation of blood oxygen was no less than 98% during the entire protocol. ③Under the repeated exercise and lactate threshold intensity, the pyruvate average value was (0.97±0.17),(1.04±0.16) mmol/L; (0.93±0.25), (0.91 ±0.37) mmol/L, respectively. There was no significant difference between the blood pyruvate before the exercise and under the lactate threshold intensity in both human body and animals (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: There is no hypoxia at the transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Oxygen inhaling supplementary has no influence on the mechanism transition; It is not easy for the pyruvate to pass the myocyte membrane, but the lactate can. The result demonstrates that the pyruvate can transform to lactate directly, which can also prevent the accumulation of pyruvate in kytoplasm.

Objective: By the bibliometrical analysis and evaluation of acupuncture theses on auricular acupoint sticking from 2005 to 2014, the analysis was processed from multiple aspects including the types and numbers of diseases and effective rates of various diseases, in order to objectively reflect the general situation of clinical application of ear point embedding method in the recent years. Methods: By the bibliometrical analysis, the literature on auricular acupoint sticking in the recent ten years was counted up, analyzed and categorized. Results and Conclusion: Auricular acupoint sticking is used clinically for diseases of 16 systems, including 130 diseases. 74 diseases were singularly treated with auricular acupoint sticking, including the advantageous disease category like insomnia, constipation and obesity, and secondary advantageous disease category like dysmenorrhea, myopia, allergic rhinitis, post-operative pain and acne vulgaris.

Objective To analyse clinical features of dead children in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) of Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 2005 to 2014.Methods Clinical data of 917 dead cases in PICU from January 2005 to December 2014 in this hospital were collected,then distribution characteristics of age,length of hospital stay,time of dead and transfer department were analysed.The death cause analysis was conducted as well.Results According to systematic classification of disease,the top 10 leading causes of death for 917 dead cases in PICU from 2005 to 2014 in this hospital were congenital deformity,infectious disease,respiratory disease,injury and poisoning,digestive system disease,tumor,symptoms,signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified,circulation system disease,nervous system disease,blood system disease.Compared with 2005-2014,the ratio of dead cases due to infectious diseases to the total cases was declined,while that due to non-infectious diseases was increased,there was statistically significant difference (x2 =26.29,P =0.00).Whereas,the ranks of septicopyemia and hand-foot-mouth disease in the rank order of death causes both were increased.Condusion Congenital deformity is the first cause of death in PICU of this hospital.The key to cutting children's mortality is to reduce newborn with congenital deformity.

Objective To retrospectively review the efficacy and side effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) and red light emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of steroid-dependent dermatitis.Methods Seventy patients with steroid-dependent dermatitis mainly manifesting as facial telangiectasis were treated with IPL for an average of 3.49 sessions with a 4-week interval.The energy density of IPL varied from 20 to 23 J/cm2,pulse width from 2.6 to 5.0 ms,and delay from 15 to 20 ms.Meantime,197 patients with steroid-dependent dermatitis,who mainly presented with facial skin sensitivity,were treated with red LED (633 ± 3 nm wave length) twice a week for an average of 4.23 sessions.The energy density of red LED was 128 J/cm2,and the irradiation lasted 20 minutes at each treatment.The efficacy and adverse reactions were assessed and recorded for each treatment.Results The total response rate was 88.57％ for IPL,and 83.76％ for red LED.There was a significant difference in the clinical efficacy between triple-pulse and double-pulse IPL (x2 =8.14,P ＜ 0.05).No severe adverse reaction was observed in any of the patients.Conclusion IPL and red LED are both effective in treating steroid-dependent dermatitis.

Objective To establish an index system of science and technology evaluation for public hospitals in Shanghai, which is scientific and rational, operable, promotable, and comparable.The purpose is to improve the comprehensive hospital evaluation system and promote the science and medical technology innovation development in Shanghai.Methods Based on overseas and domestic research experiences and Shanghai′s specifics, literature analysis and Delphi specialist consultation method were used for rationalization proposals for building such a system.Results This index system comprises three level-1 indicators of basis and conditions, results and outputs and social benefits and impacts, eight level-2 indicators and 24 level-3 indicators.Conclusions This index system should be improved stage by stage.Classification by type and level of public hospitals should be used in such evaluation, while horizontal development level and vertical development speed of science and technology should be combined.A unified evaluation standard should be developed by professional organizations.

On the basis of analysis of the current status and future tendency of development of the health services industry in Shanghai,the authors identified key problems and bottlenecks.Thus they made clear the target positioning and principles of the industry,and proposed the basic ideas and pattern of the industry in the 13 th five-year plan period,focusing on such fields as private and high-end healthcare services,traditional Chinese medicine services,public health services,commercial health insurance,and other related industries.In the end,corresponding supporting polices were proposed.

Based on the experience of Public-Private Partnership (PPPs) model in domestic and foreign medical field, this study innovatively explored and designed the Build-Transfer-Operate-Transfer (BTOT) operational structure taking the second phase project of ZP Hospital in Pudong New District as a case study.The exploration results showed that the model established the social capital of private non-profit medical institutions by setting up the project company, and used the asset rental and operating management fees in the form of return path.In view of this, the study put forward some relevant countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of the institution nature and national treatment, property right ownership and risk mitigation, balancing of interests and the cooperation period and solving the core staff etc.All of these measures were taken in order to explore the replicable PPP model in the field of public hospital reform and development.

Objective To study the role of Ⅲb isoform of human fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1-Ⅲb) in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The plasmid of human full-length FGFR1-Ⅲb isoform，pSVK4/FGFR1-Ⅲb, was stable transfected into cultured PNAC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines facilitated by lipofectamine. The function of FGFR1-Ⅲb in transfected pancreatic cancer cells were examined by MTT assay, soft agar assay, cell migration assay, single cell movement assay, In vivo tumorigenicity assay. Results The basal anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth was significantly inhibited. Additionally, FGFR1-Ⅲb expression inhibited single cell movement and in vitro invasion as determined by time-lapse microscopy and boyden chamber assay as well as in vivo tumor formation and growth in nude mice. Microscopic analysis of the xenograft tumors revealed a reduced Ki-67 labelling, lower amount of tumor necrosis and higher grade of differentiation in FGFR1-Ⅲb expressing tumors. Conclusion We identified a functional human FGFR mRNA splice variant that inhibits the transforming potential of pancreatic cancer cells.

Objective To observe the effect of saikosaponin-d on transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor in rat hepatic stellate cells(HSC-T6), and to explore its pharmacological mechanism. Methods The rat HSC-T6 were cultured in vitro for the study. After transient transfection of HSC-T6 with the ER-specific reporter gene ERE-tk-Luc by liposome, the effect of saikosaponin-d and estradiol on luciferase activity was observed by Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System under the conditions of various drug concentrations, various treatment time and addition of estrogen receptor inhibitor ICI182. 780. Results When the concentrations of saikosaponin-d and estradiol were in the range of 0.01-5 μmol/L, 0.01-1 μmol/L respectively, luciferase activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner . Luciferase activity arrived the highest when saikosaponin-d concentration was 5 μmol/L and estradiol concentration was 1 μmol/L, but the effect was weakening when estradiol concentration reached 5μmol/L. In respect of the effect of treatment time, when HSC-T6 were separately treated with 5μmol/L of saikosaponin-d and 1 μmol/L of estradiol for 24 h, the luciferase activity was the highest. And ICI182.780 could significantly inhibit the induction of saikosaponin-d and estradiol for luciferase activity. Conclusion Saikosaponin-d has an effect on promoting the transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor in HSC-T6.

Objective: To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) in treating dry eye syndromes (DES) and its regulatory effects on patient's quality of life (QOL), anxiety, and depression.Methods: By following a randomized controlled study design, eligible DES patients were allocated to an EA group (EAG) or an acupuncture group (AG). Patients in the AG were intervened by acupuncture alone, while in the EAG, electrical stimulation was applied to Cuanzhu (BL2) and Taiyang (EX-HN5) in addition to the same treatment in the AG. Changes in clinical manifestations, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), Schirmer tear test-1 (STT-1), tear-film break-up time (TF-BUT), cornea fluorescein staining (CFS), and corneal sensitivity (CS) were observed, as well as changes in the short-form 36-item health survey (SF-36) and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores. Results: The scores of clinical symptoms, OSDI, and CFS decreased significantly in both EAG and AG when compared with the baseline values (P<0.05), respectively, while the TF-BUT and CS increased significantly (P<0.05), and the tear secretion of patients in the EAG increased (P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the scores of physical role functioning, general health perception, emotional role functioning, and mental health of patients in both EAG and AG showed significant increases after treatment (P<0.05), together with a marked decrease in the score of anxiety (P<0.05). Compared with the AG, the EAG obtained a more significant increase in STT-1 (P<0.05).Conclusion: DES patients respond well to both EA and acupuncture treatments, manifested by prolonged TF-BUT and improvement of CS. Meanwhile, the two approaches can improve QOL and reduce anxiety. Furthermore, EA appears more effective in increasing tear secretion than acupuncture alone.