Objective To investigate the clinical significance of urine transferrin in the type 2 diabetic nephropathy and primary chronic glomerular disease. Methods The level of TRF and UAER in the urine of 114 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 108 patients with CGD and 30 healthy patients was measured by rate nephelometry and analyzed. Results Urine TRF significantly increased earlier than ALB at the early stage of DN; Linear correlation was found by correlation analysis between the level of TRF in urine level and the quantity of protein in urine. Conclusion TRF in urine obviously increased at the early stage of DN. It was more sensitive than UAER to reflect the early renal injury of DM. A statistically significant correlation was found between the TRF level and the quantity of protein in the urine.

Objective To investigate the main causes and risk factors of recurrent retinal detachment (RRD) after silicone oil removal (SOR) in eyes with complex retinal detachment.Methods It was a retrospective case series study.A total of 458 eyes of 455 consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade were recruited in this study.All patients underwent vitrectomy operation.Additionally,they were given heavy water,membrane peeling,retinotomy or partial cutting,intraocular laser photocoagulation or frozen,gas-liquid exchange or direct oil exchange operation accordingly.Ninety-eight eyes with multiple holes,old retinal detachment,hyperplasia and serious traction lesions underwent scleral buckling surgery simultaneously.Intravitreal silicone oil was padded at the end of operation.Cutting,stripping or resection and 360° preventive laser photocoagulation were applied while the epiretinal membrane was found and need treatment during SOR.Holes or suspicious hiatus underwent intraocular laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy during the operation.One week after SOR and during follow-up,the visual acuity,intraocular pressure (IOP),slit lamp microscope,and ophthalmoscope examination were examined with the same technique and methods as preoperation.The eyes were divide into two groups based on the attachment status of retina after SOR,which were reattached group (419 eyes) and redetached group (39 eyes) respectively.The following data were recorded.,the age of patients,ocular axial length,logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and IOP before vitrectomy operation and before and after SOR,the number of retinal breaks,the duration of silicone oil filling,the duration of follow-up,and the related factors during vitrectomy operation and SOR.The relation of age,sex,high myopia,the size and location of holes,aphakic eye,proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) C3 level and above,previous history of failed retinal detachment operation,360° preventive laser photocoagulation,assistant scleral buckling surgery,SOR via corneal puncture to RRD after SOR were analyzed.Odds ratio (OR) and its 95％ confidence interval (CI) were calculated for the age ＜40 years old and gender.High myopia,assistant scleral buckling surgery and SOR via corneal puncture were further analyzed by multiple regression equation.Results After SOR operation,the total average logMAR BCVA was 0.86 ± 0.63.The average logMAR BCVA was 0.82 ± 0.59 and 0.99 ± 0.70 respectively for the reattached and redetached groups,which was not statistically different (F=1.559,P＞0.05).The number of high myopia eyes in the reattached and redetached groups were 116 and 22 eyes,respectively,accounted for 27.7 ％ and 56.4 ％,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=13.984,P＜0.01).Three eyes underwent vitrectomy with scleral buckling occured RRD,accounting for 3.1％; while 36 eyes underwent vitrectomy without scleral buckling occured RRD,accounting for 10.0％.The incidence of RRD between them was statistically significant (x2 =4.761,P＜0.05).The incidence of RRD was not retated to the PVR levels before the operation,previous history of failed retinal detachment operation,aphakic eye and preventive laser photocoagulation (OR=1.626,1.699,1.986,0.709; 95％ CI:0.836-3.162,0.832-3.658,0.921-4.279,0.268-1.875; P＞0.05).RRD had a close relation with high myopia and assistant scleral buckling surgery (OR=3.380,0.284; 95％CI:1.733-6.595,0.086-0.944; P＜0.05).The raise of risk derived from SOR via corneal puncture had no statistical significance (OR=2.119; 95％CI:1.043-4.306; P＞0.05).The incidence of RRD after SOR was 8.5％; of which,35.9％ originated from new breaks and 69.2％ were related to new breaks,in contrast,only 5.1％ originated from PVR but 51.3％ were related to PVR.Conclusions High myopia is an independent prognostic risk factor of RRD after SOR.Combined scleral buckling surgery is a protective factor of RRD after SOR.To the well reattached eyes before SOR,the new breaks seems to be the main cause of RRD,wheras PVR was probably a secondary phenomenon.

Baicalein-nicotinamide(BE-NCT)co-crystal was chosen as model drug to investigate the thermody-namic characteristics.Solubilities of BE in NCT solutions in ethyl acetate at different temperatures were deter-mined in order to explain the complexation behavior of BE-NCT co-crystal.Thermodynamic parameters of co-crys-tal formation progress were calculated.Ternary phase diagrams (TPDs)of the BE-NCT-ethyl acetate systems at various temperatures were established.The non-linear fitting equation according to 1 ∶1 complexation mechanism of BE-NCT co-crystal demonstrated a good correlation between calculated and experimental data (R2 >0.98). Co-crystal formation is a spontaneous process(ΔG°<0).Increase in temperature resulted in the increase of Ksp;decrease of K11 and a narrowed co-crystal zone.The degree of spontaneous reaction also decreased with increased temperature.The spontaneous reaction no longer carried out if the temperature reached T* =315 K sinceΔG°=0(ΔH°=-6.314 ×10 -2 kJ/mol;ΔS°=-0.200 5 J/mol.K).A drop in temperature favors the complexation between BE and NCT in ethyl acetate.Since NCT has higher solubility than BE in ethyl acetate;the TPDs of co-crystal was asymmetric.The DSC diagrams of products prepared via three presupposed methods confirmed that the BE-NCT co-crystal could be generated in solutions of nonstoichiometric compositions.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1(UHRF1)and DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1)in ectopic endometrium of rats with endometriosis(EMS). Methods:Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group with 10 rats and a model-building group with 30 rats according to body mass.EMS rat models were established in the model-building group and then were divided into a model group,an acupuncture and moxibustion group,and a progesterone group,with 10 rats in each group.All rats were fixed by a fixator.The sham operation group and the model group were given normal saline by gavage.The acupuncture and moxibustion group received acupuncture at Xuehai(SP10)and Sanyinjiao(SP6),moxibustion at Guanyuan(CV4),and gavage of normal saline.The progesterone group was given the mixed liquid made of dydrogesterone and normal saline by gavage.After 28 d of treatments,the three diameters(length,width,and height)of EMS rats'ectopic cysts were measured,the cyst volumes were calculated,the volumes before intervention were subtracted,and the difference values were used to evaluate the growth of ectopic cysts.UHRF1 and DNMT1 mRNA and protein levels in normal endometrium,eutopic endometrium,and ectopic endometrium were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Results:There was no significant difference in the ectopic cyst volume difference between the acupuncture and moxibustion group and the progesterone group(P>0.05),but they were smaller than that of the model group(P<0.05).The levels of UHRF1 and DNMT1 mRNA and protein in the ectopic endometrium of the model group were lower than those in the normal endometrium(P<0.05).The levels of DNMT1 mRNA and UHRF1 protein in the eutopic endometrium of the model group were lower than those in the normal endometrium(P<0.05).The levels of UHRF1 mRNA and protein and the level of DNMT1 protein in the ectopic endometrium of the acupuncture and moxibustion group were higher than those in the model group(P<0.05),and the level of UHRF1 mRNA was higher than that in the progesterone group(P<0.05).The level of DNMT1 mRNA in the eutopic endometrium of the acupuncture and moxibustion group was higher than that in the model group(P<0.05).The levels of UHRF1 and DNMT1 mRNA and protein in the acupuncture and moxibustion group were insignificantly different from those in the normal endometrium(P>0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture and moxibustion may up-regulate the levels of UHRF1 mRNA and UHRF1 and DNMT1 proteins in the ectopic endometrium to the normal level so as to reduce the volume of ectopic cysts and cure EMS in rats.

Objective To investigate the value of tissue motion mitral annular displacement (TMAD) in assessment of left ventricular systolic synchrony in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods Thirty-eight DCM patients and 30 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study.The left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV),and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in two groups were investigated using conventional echocardiographyexamination.The time of systolic mitral annular peak displacement (TP) in two groups were measured by the technique of TMAD at six sites (anteroseptal,posteroseptal,anterior,lateral,posterior and inferior).The standard deviation of TP (TP-SD) and the maximal difference of TP (TP-DIF) were calculated.And the correlation between TP-SD and LVEF as well as TP-DIF and LVEF in the DCM group were analyzed.The standard deviation and maximal difference of the time to point with minimal systolic volume of 16 segments (Tmsv16-SD,Tmsv16-DIF) of the DCM group were measured by the technique of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3D).And the correlation between Tmsv-16SD and TP-SD as well as Tmsv16-DIF and TP-DIF were analyzed.Results Compared with the healthy subjects,LVESV and LVEDV increased (t=14.023,16.643,P ＜ 0.01) and the LVEF decreased significantly (t=26.112,P ＜ 0.01) in the DCM group.TP,TP-SD and TP-DIF in the DCM group obviously increased (t=7.628,6.869,7.507,6.616,5.631,4.738,7.368,5.777,6.781,P ＜ 0.01).TP-SD and TP-DIF were negatively correlated with LVEF (r=-0.645,-0.513,P ＜ 0.05),while TP-SD and Tmsv1 6-SD,TP-Dif and Tmsv1 6-Dif were positively correlated(r=0.643,P ＜ 0.01;r=0.563,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In this study,the TMAD technique was used to measure the time of peak displacement of mitral annulus to evaluate the synchrony of left ventricle movement.It is expected to be a new method in evaluation of the synchrony of left ventricle,which is simple,feasible approach without angle dependence.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of fractional CO 2 laser for the treatment of vaginal relaxation syndrome. Methods:Twenty-one females with vaginal relaxation syndrome receiced between December 2016 and January 2017 in our department were treated for 3 times at 1 month interval with femilift fractional CO 2 laser. Vaginal palpation, vaginal squeeze pressure test, vaginal ultrasound, pelvic floor MRI, and Incontinence Questionnaire Short-Form (ICIQ-SF) assessments were performed at baseline and at post-treatment. Results:Significant improvement in female sexual dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence was especially seen based on patient＇s feelings after treatments. A noted progressive differences were observed in FSFI and vaginal pressure test, which were much higher after treatment than before treatment ( P<0.01). Moreover, in 13 cases suffering from mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence (SUI), fractional CO 2 laser treatment was associated with a significant improvement of ICIQ-SF scores ( P<0.01). All subjects successfully completed the study with no adverse events such as infections, bleeding and pain, etc. Conclusions:Fractional CO 2 laser treatment is an effective treatment for female sexual dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence caused by vaginal relaxation syndrome.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative research on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients′experience of participating in advance care planning (ACP), so as to provide reference for the application of ACP in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods:Computer searched qualitative studies on HIV/AIDS patients′participation in ACP experience in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Database. The search time limit was from inception to December 1, 2023, and the research results were integrated using Meta integration method after quality evaluation.Results:A total of 10 articles were included, and 58 research results were extracted, forming 12 new categories, and 4 integrated results were obtained: HIV/AIDS patients′understanding of ACP; attitudes of HIV/AIDS patients towards ACP; the influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients′participation in ACP; suggestions for implementing ACP for HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusions:Medical staff should promptly identify the needs of HIV/AIDS patients for ACP, help them increase their awareness and acceptance of ACP. At the same time, based on China′s unique cultural background and healthcare system, relevant laws and regulations should be continuously improved to promote the development and improvement of ACP in China.

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with camrelizumab. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 88 patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent camrelizumab treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were collected from patients before and two months after treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and PFS and OS. Results Compared with non-responder group, the baseline peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio was higher (P=0.038), while the CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was lower (P=0.036) in the responder group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a high baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.023). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was a significant predictor for PFS and OS. Additionally, a high post-treatment CD4+/CD8+ ratio and high CD4+T lymphocyte percentage were associated with long PFS (P=0.005, P=0.015), whereas a low post-treatment CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.016). Conclusion The peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio can serve as a predictive factor for survival of patients with NSCLC treated with camrelizumab.

Objective:To systematically analyze and evaluate the psychological experience of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) in breast cancer patients.Methods:The qualitative study on the CIA psychological experience of breast cancer patients was searched through computers in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database, WanFang Data and VIP. The search period was from the establishment of the database to October 15, 2022. The quality evaluation of literature that met the criteria was conducted using the quality evaluation criteria for qualitative research of the Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-Based Health Care Center in Australia, and the results of each study were further integrated and analyzed.Results:A total of 11 articles were included and 59 clear themes were extracted. The similar themes were summarized into 12 new categories and integrated into 4 synthesized results, namely, breast cancer patients' differential coping styles with alopecia, different psychological feelings, difficulties and challenges they faced, and desire for support and needs.Conclusions:CIA affects the physical and mental health and social interaction of breast cancer patients. Medical and nursing staff should pay attention to the cognition and experience of breast cancer patients on alopecia symptoms, establish effective communication between nurses and patients, strengthen health education on alopecia knowledge, encourage patients to actively respond, so as to reduce alopecia problems and improve the quality of life.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the psychological experience of financial toxicity in breast cancer patients.Methods:A computer search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang, and VIP for qualitative studies on the psychological experience of financial toxicity among breast cancer patients up to April 15, 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute's quality assessment criteria for qualitative research were used for literature quality evaluation, and an aggregative integration method was applied for data analysis.Results:Ten studies were included, from which 56 distinct themes were extracted. These themes were consolidated into 11 new categories, forming three integrated results: multidimensional negative experiences in coping with financial toxicity, needs and expectations in dealing with financial toxicity, and strategies for dealing with financial toxicity.Conclusions:Breast cancer patients face varying degrees of financial toxicity, negatively impacting their physical and mental health. Healthcare professionals should pay close attention to the characteristics and needs of patients coping with financial toxicity. Continuous assessment of their financial status and implementation of comprehensive intervention strategies and measures through multiple channels and approaches are needed to help reduce the issues of financial toxicity.