Stroke is the most common cause of aphasia. Traditional speech-language therapy remains the mainstay treatment of aphasia, however, its efficacy is uncertain. Although a number of studies have been carried out to investigate the role of pharmacological agents in the treatment of aphasia, the conclusions are controversial, This article reviews the state of pharma-colotherapy for poststroke aphasia.

HLA-G belongs to non-classical HLA-class Ⅰ genes.It is expressed in the fetal-maternal interface on the extravillous cytotrophoblast and in such immune privilege tissues as the cornea and pancreas.However, under pathological conditions, such as tumor, inflammatory diseases and post transplantation, HLA-G is expressed abnormally.HLA-G can interact with its acceptors or immune cells and suppress the function of immune cells, which facilitates the escape of the surveillance of the human immune system and the consequent damage.In clinical studies,HLA-G is related to some clinical parameters.This review will focus on the expression, function and regulatory mechanisms of HLA-G in cancer immunology.

Objective To investigate the anesthetic management of perventricular closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) under transesophageal echocardiography. Methods A retrospective review of the clinical data of 52 children who underwent perventricular closure of VSD under transesophageal echocardiography were analyzed. All the children were performed tracheal intubation under general anesthesia, and the electrocardiogram, pulse blood oxygen saturation, invasive arterial pressure, central venous pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure, temperature and urine output were continuously monitored throughout the procedure. The transesophageal echocardiography was necessary for guiding transcatheter or per-ventricular device placement. Results Perventricular closure of VSD was successfully completed in 51 children under transesophageal echocardiography, the operation time was (76.7 ± 36.4) min, the anesthesia time was (89.5 ± 27.1) min; 1 child was converted to open surgical repair. Conclusions The intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography technology is the key to the success of the surgery. At the same time of analgesia and sedation, the anesthesia doctor needs to pay attention to the changes of hemodynamics in children.

Aim To isolate HIV-1 from the blood specimen of HIV-infected persons, and study on the features of the isolates. Methods PBMCs from 10 heparinized blood specimens of HIV-1 infected persons were collected to isolate the virus with PBMC cocultivation method. Neuramindase was added to the culture medium to raise the HIV isolation rate. The supernatant of cocultures were detected by p24 antigen capture assay and also IFA test was used to identify the isolates. Cell tropism of the HIV-1 isolates was tested byuse of H9 and MT4 cell lines, respectively. Results HIV-1 was isolated from9 of the 10 specimens, the isolation rate could reached 90%. The 9 isolates were used to infect MT4 cells, respectively, and all of them could cause cell syncytias.8 of the isolates showed only a transient infection in MT4 cells, but the isolate FJ113 could infect MT4 successively, OD values kept no changes even it passed 15 generations, therefore, it is consider as a rapid/high replicating virus. Conclusions Addition of neuramindase into T cell culture medium may useful to raise HIV isolation rate. Most of HIV-1 isolates in Fujian are M tropic.

Objective To study the morphological appearance and pathological basis of the fine pulmonary reticulation at HRCT.Methods One hundred and seven patients were analyzed about the morphology findings and dynamic changes on pulmonary HRCT.Twenty-four coal worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP)specimens were examined to make comparison between CT and pathology.The data was analyzed by using the Chi-square test.Results The reticular gap was less than 3 mm in diameter.The morphology of reticulation was round or irregular.Pulmonary parenchyma was seen between the gaps.The reticular wall was smooth or coarse.The thickness was less than 1 mm.One hundred and seven patients had accompanying signs including ground-glass opacity(68.2%,73 patients),crazy paving(23.4%,25 patients),interlobular septal thickening(84.1%,90 patients),emphysema(32.7%,35 patients),interface sign(58.9%,63 patients),traction bronchiolectasis(41.1%,44 patients)and honeycombing(26.2%,28 patients).The differences of the honeycomb,traction bronchiolectosis,interbobular septal thickening,interface sign and paving were statistically significant between the fibrotic group and pneunonia(P＜0.01).Pneumonia showed extensive area of ground-glass opacity(GGO)with fine reticulation.Fine reticulation with both interlobular septal thickening and small nodules were observed more frequently in lmphangitic carcinomatosis.Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)showed fine reticulation among the honeycombing.Connective tissue disease (CTD)showed fine reticulation with rarely honeycombing and it could be partly absorbed.Fine reticulation with emphysema was seen in chronic bronchitis.In the 58 follow-up patients,the fine reticulation increased in 26 patients,decreased or disappeared in 22 patients and showed no change in 10 patients.The major pathological basis of the fine reticulation was intralobular interstitial thickening,including fibrosis hyperplasia,inflammatory cells and tumor cells infiltration,effusion filling,smut deposition and so on.Conclusions The fine reticulation was caused by intralobular interstitial thickening including inflammation,interstitial hyperplasia,pulmonary fibrosis and tumor.The fine reticulation is helpful to prompt the diagnosis of these diseases,but the diagnosis need its combination with the other CT findings and dynamic changes.

Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese medicine internal and external treatment on chronic osteomyelitis.Method Chronic osteomyelitis experimental animal models were set up with debridement, then it was random divided into two groups ( antibiotics group for the control group, antibiotics and traditional Chinese medicine group for the observation group).After treatment for 10 days, new capillaries in the tissues surrounding sinus crossings were detected by pathological observation and VEGF expression was determined by ELISA.Result VEGF expression and vascular points of tissues surrounding sinus crossings of antibiotics with traditional Chinese medicine group were obviously higher than that of antibiotics group[ (47.48 ±3.22) μg/ml vs (28.26 ±2.61)μg/ml, P ＜0.01;8.03 ±1.73 vs5.17 ±2.89, P＜0.05 ].Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine internal and external treatment can improve VEGF expression and increase capillary number inside tissues surrounding sinus.crossings , thus it can promote the healing of chronic osteomyelitis.

Objective To explore the expression of acid seining ion channels-3 (ASIC3) in lung tissue in rats with acute lung injury (ALI). Method Twenty four male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: LPS groups (LPS 2 h, LPS 4 h, LPS 6 h group, n=6), stimulated by LPS for 2, 4, 6 hours, respectively; normal control group, injected with saline (NS group, n=6). The ALI models were produced through venous injection of LPS, and the criteria was the characteristic pathological changes in the lung tissue. Ar-terial blood gas analysis was observed, lung wet and dry weight ratio (W/D), lung histopathology and ASIC3 ex-pression were detected. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Independent Sample T test and One-way ANOVA and Kendall's tau_b were used for comparison in SPSS 13.0, and changes were considered as statistieal-ly significant if P value was less than 0.05. Results The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in LPS 2 h, LPS 4 h, LPS 6 h group was (67.47±6.01), (59.17±7.18), (52.54±7.62) , respecively, and was significantly lower than that in eontrol group (98.15±1.06) (P<0.01). Compare with control group, pH was significantly lower in LPS4 h group (7.28±0.04), LPS6 h group (7.24±0.03) (P<0.01). Inflammation cells gradually increased, alveolar septum was widened, edema existed in interstitial spaces, and pulmonary structures gradually destroyed in LPS groups.The expression of ASIC3 in LPS4 h, LPS 6 h group was (205.91±10.12), (196.51± 18.60), respectively, and was significantly lower thanthat in control group (220.23±10.11) (P<0.05). The W/D in LPS 6 h group was (5.18±0.21), and was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.45± 0.18) (P<0.05). Conclusions ASIC3 is expressed in alveolar epithelial cells and bronchial epithehal cells in LPS-induced ALI rats.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Huanglongganzhixiao Granule(Resina Draconis, Radix Astragali, Herba Epimedii, etc.). METHODS: Radix Astragali, Resina Draconis, Herba Epimedii in Huanglongganzhixiao Granule were identified by TLC. The content of loureirin B in this Granule was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Radix Astragali, Resina Draconis, Herba Epimedii could be identified by TLC. Loureirin B showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.032～0.096?g, r =0.9997( n =5). The average recovery was 100.1% and RSD was 3.33%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple, accurate and with strong specificity and can be used for the quality control of Huanglongganzhixiao Granule.

The emergence of atypical El Tor strains from V .cholerae in South Asia and Africa has been attributed to several outbreaks in recent decades ,however ,backgrounds of such strains in China remain exclusive .In this study ,PCR am-plification of both El Tor and classical alleles for ctxB ,tcpA ,rstR and hlyA genes was attempted in sixty-nine El Tor isolates from Fujian between 1962 to 2005 ,in addition ,some amplicons were sequence-analyzed .Thus ,the time point of atypical EVC strains in Fujian was determined ,genetic diversities of such strains were investigated .It was revealed that ctxB-Cl ,tcpA-Cl and hlyA genes were detected in O1 serogroup EVC isolates from Fujian since 1962 .Although rstR-Cl gene was solely detected in isolates between 1994 to 2000 .It was indicated by sequence analysis that atypical EVC strains from Fujian possessed a novel T→G mutation at residual 204 of the ctxB gene .Remarkably ,two novel ctxB genotypes (ctxB-10 and ctxB-11) were identified in one strain .The residual 115-C of ctxB in ctxB-11 showed characteristics of ctxB-Cl ,however ,its residual 203-T demonstra-ted characteristics of ctxB-El .This observation implied that it was common in O1 serogroup EVC strains from Fujian hybrid-ized with classical alleles since 1962 ,which would be the earliest time-point for the emergence of atypical El Tor strains hitherto in literature .Emergence of atypical El Tor strains harboring rstR-Cl in Fujian occurred since 1994 .Meanwhile ,novel mutation sites and ctxB genotypes were observed in Fujian isolates ,including diverse combination of ctxB genotypes in one strain and combination of biotype-specific sites in ctxB sequences .In summary ,molecular characterization of O 1 serogroup EVC strains from Fujian was unique and geography-associated .

AIDS antiviral therapy (ART) has achieved great success.Originaly,AIDS had been regarded as a fatal disease,but it has become a kind of infectious disease that could be cured and administrated.Global HIV / AIDS cases were still up to about 38 million,but more than half have been effectively treated.In addition to drug treatment,at present,some new technologies and new methods,such as genome editing,have also been involved in the treatment of AIDS,and in the humanized animal experiment has shown very good results.There is no doubt that AIDS will eventually be stopped its epidemic.However,with the continuous development of AIDS antiviral treatment,the most fundamental problem is that HIV latent library has become increasingly prominent one,whether molecular therapy and hybrid cure have being developed for AIDS treatment,there are still such problem existence.Great efforts shoud be made to continuously search for new markers of latent viral cells and to reduce the latent pool.In addition,despite the prevention and treatment of AIDS has made great achievements,but the world still produces nearly 6000 cases of HIV/AIDS every day.Therefore,the development of safe and effective vaccine,whether in the field of prevention,or in clinical treatment,has its positive significance.