Objective This study was to evaluate the effects of endovascular irradiation on the proliferation response of injured artery Methods The bilateral iliac arteries of thirty normal fed New Zealand white rabbits were injured by balloon overdilatation (balloon to artery ratio was 1 54∶1) In one iliac artery endovascular irradiation was carried out by a perfusion balloon inflated with 32 P solution The contralateral iliac artery served as an intraanimal control Three doses schedules were studied: 10Gy, 20Gy and 40Gy, 10 rabbits per group Digital angiographic image was made before and after balloon overdilatation as well as at the end of 4 week follow up Subsequently, the iliac arteries injured were excised to be stained with weigert massion for hisopathologic analysis Results The iliac arteries injury of three group rabbits showed certain stenosis at the end of 4 week follow up ( P 0 05) Histopathologic analysis of irradiated arteries exhibited the decreased neointimal proliferation compared with the control both in 20Gy and 40Gy high dose radiation groups ( P 0 05) Conclusion The experimental restenosis like model can be established using overstretch balloon to injure the iliac artery of normal diet rabbit The dose from 20Gy to 40Gy of endovascular irradiation inhibited neointimal proliferation after artery injury The improvement of arterial stenosis was not observed