Objective To evaluate the influence factor of the prognosis of traumatic subretinal hemorrhage after vitreo-retinal surgery. Methods The clinical data of 50 patients with traumatic subretinal hemorrhage who had undergone vitreo-retinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had ocular traurnatie history and subretinal hemorrhage diagnosed by fundus and B-scan examination; the preoperative visual acuity was less than 0. 1. According to different conditions, the traumatic eyes were treated with vitreo-retinal surgery, combined with lensectomy, retinotomy or silicone oil tamponade, respectively. The period of follow-up after surgery was 2-53 months, and the average period was 7.27 months. The corrected visual acuity and retinal reattachment at the last follow-up were observed. The visual acuity ≥0. 1 was the standard of good prognosis; retina[ reattachment was observed by indirect ophthalmoscope and color fundus photography. The prognostic factors mainly included type of injury, open or closed injury, the disease course, preoperative visual acuity, retinal detachment, hemorrhagic choroidal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, the sites of submacular hemorrhage, methods of surgery. The relationships between those prognostic factors and visual acuity outcome or retinal reattachment were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression analysis. Results About 46.0% patients had good prognosis of the visualacuity. In the eyes with preoperative visual acuity of no light perception to hand moving and finger counting to 0. 1, the rate of good visual aeuitywas 34. 2% and 83.3%, respectively; the difference between the two groups was significant(χ2=8. 860, P = 0.003). In the eyes with or without preoperative retinal detachment, the rate of good visual acuity was 37.5% and 80. 0%, respectively; the difference between the two groups was significant (χ2=4. 232,P=0. 040). In the eyes with subretinal hemorrhage involving the macular fovea or not, the rate of good visual acuity was 34.4% and 66.7%, respectively; the difference between the two groups wassignificant (χ2 =4. 836,P=0. 028). All the other prognostic factors had no obvious effect on the retinal reattachment after the surgery. Conclusion Preoperative visual acuity, retinal detachment and submacular retinal hemorrhage were the important influence factors associated with prognostic visual acuity of eyes with traumatic subretinal hemorrhage after vitreo-retinal surgery.

The compound excipient containing sodium stearyl fumarate and plasdone S-630 was prepared by applying spray drying method. The basic physical properties of compound excipient were studied by solubility test, scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The effect of compound excipient on moisture absorption and ferulic acid in vitro dissolution of spray drying power of angelica were investigated. The results showed that the chemical constituents of compound excipient did not change before and after spray drying. The water soluble compound excipient can improve significantly moisture absorption and has application prospect.

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the prognosis of idiopathic macular holes (IMH) and traumatic macular holes (TMH) treated by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods The clinical data of 72 IMH eyes and 55 TMH eyes, which were treated by PPV between November 2001 and December 2007,were retrospectively reviewed. The visual outcomes and macular anatomic closure were evaluated, and their relationships with prognostic factors including the size of macular hole (MH), preoperative visual acuity (VA) and duration of disease were analyzed. Results The closure rate of IMH (100. 0%) was significant higher than that of TMH (85.5%) (P=0. 001). The postoperative VA of IMH and TMH were (0. 25±0.02) and (0. 21±0. 21) respectively, both significantly increased compare to their preoperative VA (t=-6. 841, -4. 093; P=0.000). VA-increased IMH and TMH eyes had same VA (χ2=3. 651, P=0.07).Pre-PPV VA≥0. 1 IMH eyes had better outcomes than Pre-PPV VA＜0. 1 IMH eyes (χ2 = 12.04, P=0. 001), while Pre-PPV VA had no effects on TMH outcomes (χ2=0. 371, P=0. 486). IMH eyes with small holes had better outcomes (t=2. 476, P=0. 016), and TMH eyes with small holes had better closure (t= -4. 042, P＜0. 001). The duration of disease had no significant influence on TMH visual (χ2=0. 704,P = 0. 401 ) and anatomic (χ2 = 0. 166, P= 0. 684) outcomes. Conclusions PPV is an effective treatment for MH. The closure rate of IMH is higher than that of TMH. The diameter of MH and preoperative VA are major factors for IMH outcomes, and the duration of disease and preoperative VA have no effects on postoperative VA in TMH.

Objective To observe the change of diffusion upper limit of macromolecules through pathological retina and the difference between the layers of retina. Methods Retinal edema was emulated by establishing branch retinal vein occlusion(RVO)model in miniature pig eyes under photodynamic method.Two days later,the retinas of both eyeballs were peeled off.The diffusion test apparatus was designed by ourselves.FITC-dextrans of various molecular weights(4.4,9.3,19.6,38.9,71.2 and 150 kDa)and Carboxyfluorescein(376 Da)were dissolved in RPMI-1640 solutions and diffused through inner or outer surface of retina.The rate of transretinal diffusion was determined with a spectrophotometer.Theoretical maximum size of molecule(MSM)was calculated by extrapolating the trend-linear relationship with the diffusion rate.In separate experiments to determine the sites of barrier tO diffusion,FITC-dextrans were applied to either the inner or outer retinal surface,processed as frozen sections.and viewed with a fluorescence microscope. Results FITC-dextrans applying tO inner retinal surface,4.4 kDa dextrans were largely blocked by inner nuclear layer(INL);19.6-71.2 kDa dextrans were blocked by the nerve fiber layer(NFL)and inner plexiform layer;150 kDa dextrans were blocked by NFL.FITC-dextrans applying to outer retinal surface,most dextrans with various molecular weights were blocked before outer nuclear layer(ONL).No matter applying to the inner or outer surface,Carboxyfluorescein can diffuse through the whole retina and aggregate at INL and ONL.After RVO,the inner part of retina became edema and cystoid,loosing the barrier function.Compared with the normal retina,the MSM in RVO tissues increased(6.5±0.39nm Vs 6.18±0.54nm,t=4.143,P=0.0001). Conclusions After RVO,the barrier function of inner part of retinal is destroyed and the upper limit of diffusion macromolecule size increased.which is nevertheless limited.ONL acts as bottle-neck barriers to diffusion,if the outer part of retina is damaged,the change of the diffusion upper limit will be prominent.

Objective To evaluate the long-term results of vitreoretinal surgery without use of intraocular silicone oil or gas in patients with diabetic tractional retinal detachment (DTRD).Methods The clinical interventional case series study included 104 patients (112 eyes) with DTRD,who were consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy without use of intraocular silicone oil or gas.Among the eyes,there were 6 eyes with iris neovascularization (INV),1 eye with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and 50 eyes with macular retinal detachment.There were no pre-existing retinal holes or breaks prior to surgery nor any iatrogenie retinal breaks developed during vitrectomy.Cataract removal combined with intraoeular lens implant surgeries were performed on 15 eyes.Follow-up duration varied from 12 to 65 months (mean: 29 months).Results Subretinal fluid was completely absorbed within 2 months after surgery.In 107 eyes (95.54%),the retina reattached after surgery and remained attached till the end of follow-up period.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 79 eyes (70.53%),remained unchanged in 14 eyes (12.500%) and got worse in 19 eyes (16.79%).The BCVA improving rate was lower in the macular detached group (33 eyes/50 eyes,66.00% Vs 46 eyes/62 eyes,74.19%,χ2=0.89,P=0.344).No obviously aggravated opacity of lens was observed after vitreoretinal surgeries in the eyes without cataract surgeries.Seven (6.25%) eyes showed INV (5 new onset eyes),and none of them developed into NVG.In multivariate logistic regression,factors associated with postoperative rubeosis iridis were pre-existing rubeosis iridis I-adjusted odds ratio (OR)= 10.2],low preoperative BCVA (OR= 11.1) and low postoperative BCVA (OR = 16.7).Conclusions Vitreoretinal surgery for DTRD may not necessarily be combined with silicone oil or gas tamponade if there are no preoperative or intraoperative retinal breaks,and only using irrigation fluid could access a good long-term prognosis result.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of treatments of eye-retaining and enucleation for choroidal melanomas. Methods The clinical data of 44 patients (44 eyes) with choroidal melanomas after eye-retaining treatments and enucleation surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The metastasis, retention rate of eyeball after eye-retaining treatment, and visual acuity prognosis were observed and analyzed. In 44 eyes treated by eye-retaining therapy, transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) was performed primaryly on 7 (15.9%),~ 106 Ru brachytherapy on 25 (56.8%), and local resection of tumor combined with ~ 106 Ru brachytherapy on 12 (27.3%).The average follow-up period was 13.3 months. Results Forty-four patients had no melanoma metastasis during the follow-up period. In 39 patients (88.6%) who had their eyes retained successfully, the retention rate of eyeball was 100%, 92.9%, and 83.3% in 6, 14, and 24 eyes with small, middle, and large tumor, respectively. In the patients treated by eye-retaining therapy, the visual acuity was ≥0.3 in 11 (28.2%), ≥0.05-

OBJECTIVE:To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of caffine,acetaminophen and isopropylphenazone in human plasma after oral dose of saridon.METHODS:Hypersil Hypurity TM Advance was used as chromatographic column and the mobile phase was a mixture of0.01mol/L phosphoric acid-methanol-tetrahydrofuran(86∶12∶2).The detection wavelength was273nm.RESULTS:The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of0.39～100.0?g/ml for caffine,1.96～500.0?g/ml for acetaminophen,and1.17～300.0?g/ml for isopropylphenazone,respectively.The accuracy of all was higher than95.0%.The inter-day and intra-day RSD was less than10.0%.CONCLUSION:The present method is sensitive,accurate,convenient,and highly specific,which can meet the requirement in plasma determination of three components in Saridon tablet.

Objective To evaluate improvement of visual acuity for advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes with different complications after vitrectomy. Methods Four groups of advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy (APDR) in 314 eyes with diabetes type Ⅱ and type Ⅰ were analyzed retrospectively: vitreous hemorrhage with limited traction retinal detachment (VH), extensive fibrovascular membranes with traction retinal detachment (TD), combined rhegmatogenous and traction retinal detachment (CRT) and cataract with vitreous hemorrhage or and traction retinal detachment (CHD). Results 0.1 or better postoperative visual acuity was achieved in 59.5% of type Ⅱ and 66.7% of type Ⅰ in the VH group; 39.4% of type Ⅱ and 52.6% of type Ⅰ in the extensive TD group; 31.6% of the CRT group; 62.5% of the CHD group. The major intraoperative complication is iatrogenic retinal breaks. The causes of postoperative visual loss in present study included neovascular glaucoma (2.8% of type Ⅰ and 0.4% of type Ⅱ in aphakia, 25% of type Ⅱ in aphakia and 4.2% in pseudophakia), retinal detachment and CRAO. Conclusion The majority of APDR eyes obtained better visual improvement after vitrectomy and photocoagulation.

Objective To evaluate the success rate and the risk of impairing vision for epimacular surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis of 57 eyes with epimacular membrane after surgery was made, and the changes in visual acuity and near visual acuity, in different etiology, improvement in distortion, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications were compared. Results The eyes of 78 8% achieved a visual improvement of more than 2 lines. The visual improvement after surgery of epimacular membranes was the most in buckling group, then in macular hole with epimacular membrane and idiopathic eyes, the change was very limited in macular traction syndrome. The improvement of near visual acuity is usually better than distant visual acuity. The improvement rate of distortion is of 65 0%. The main intraoperative complication was reopen of the primary hole(4 eyes) and the formation of new hole(5 eyes). Conclusion Surgical peeling for epimacular membranes can improve the visual acuity and distorted vision,particularly in epimacular membrane after buckling surgeries, with macular hole and idiopathic eyes. possible risks might be present in surgical manipulation.

Objective To investigate the difference of curative effect of various surgical methods for the treatment of idiopathic senile macular hole. Methods A retrospective analysis was made for 86 eyes with stage Ⅱ Ⅳ idiopathic full thickness macular hole treated with various modes of operation,ie, single vitrectomy (7 eyes),vitrectomy combined with autologous platelet concentrate (APC) as an adjuvant (40 eyes), vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling (14 eyes), vitrectomy with both ILM peeling and APC treatment (25 eyes). The main outcome measures included anatomic reattachment rate,change of visual acuity,findings of optic coherence tomography (OCT), Amsler grid and intra or postoperative complication evaluations. Results (1) In visual acuity improvement, the APC group (80.0%) was significantly better than anyone of the other three groups ( P