Benefit from the completion of human genome project and the rapid development of bioinformatics,the clinical molecular diagnostics continues to expand its scope of application which involves more widely use in infectious diseases,genetic diseases and tumors and other aspects.In the clinical molecular diagnostics,the application of international standard materials could effectively guarantee the quality of laboratory tests.This paper reviews the research progress in well-established international standard materials used for molecular diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effects of a short hairpin RNA targeting epidermal growth factor recereceptor (EGFR-shRNA) on Colo-16 cell apoptosis and sensitivity to rapamycin. Methods The expression vector of EGFR-specific shRNA was constructed. Colo-16 cells were classified into 4 groups, normal control group remaining untreated, liposome group transfected with lipofectamine 2000, negative control group transfected with shRNA-NC/Iipofectamine 2000 and positive interference group transfected with the expression vector of shRNA-EGFR/Lipofectamine 2000. After additional culture, immunocytochemistry and Western blot were conducted to detect the protein expression of EGFR, and flow cytometry to measure the apoptosis in Colo-16cells. MTT assay was performed to measure the sensitivity of Colo-16 cells to rapamycin. Results Compared with the normal control group, the expression of EGFR was down-regulated by 43.3% in positive interference group (F= 44.6, P< 0.05), and the sensitivity to rapamycin was increased by 2.44 folds. The apoptosis rate in positive interference group was (12.65±0.091)%, significantly different from that in the normal control group (F = 2042.9, P < 0.05). Conclusion The plasmid expression vector containing shRNA targeting EGFR can effectively suppress the expression of EGFR by Colo-16 cells, enhance the sensitivity of Colo-16 cells to rapamycin and induce the apoptosis in Colo-16 cells.

Objective To know the current state of environment pollution in the surrounding of the smelteries of gold and silver with indigenous method and provide a reference for the environment pollution control. Methods The occupational and environmental hygiene investigation were conducted during Apr.-Jul.,2000,the level of arsenic in the samples collected from the surrounding of the smelteries was determined. Results Primitive gold-silver smelting had such problems as backward production processes,the irrational distribution of enterprises,no treatment of “the three wastes” and serious harm to the ecological environment. The concentrations of both arsenic and lead in the environmental medium were heavily over the standard limits and some patients with chronic arsenic poisoning were found among the local residents. Conclusion Primitive gold-silver smelting may produce serious environmental pollution which can induce the health impacts of the local people.

Objective To investigate the correlations of Eotaxin-1,rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody with the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods A total of 58 patients with early RA,46 patients without RA and 53 healthy controls from our hospital during December 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled in our study.The activity of RA was evaluated by the swollen joint count (SJC),tender joint count (TJC) and DAS28 score.The levels of serum Eotaxin-1 and antiCCP antibody were detected by ELISA and serum RF levels were determined by the immunological turbidimetry.The comparisons of serum Eotaxin-1,anti-CCP antibody and RF levels between different groups were performed with ANOVA and their correlations with SJC,TJC and DAS28 score were analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results The levels of Eotaxin-1,anti-CCP antibody and RF in RA patients were (96.02 ± 2 1.07) pg/mL,(183.42 ± 87.45) U/mL and (119.09 ± 62.30) RU/mL,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the patients without RA and healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of serum Eotaxin-1 in RA patients were significantly related to TJC,SJC and DAS28 score (P ＜ 0.01),while the levels of anti-CCP antibody were related to TJC and DAS28 score.The levels of RF were only related to DAS28 score.Conclusion The levels of serum Eotaxin-1 and anti-CCP antibody in RA patients are significantly correlated with the activity of RA,which may be new serum markers to monitor the activity of RA.

Personalized medicine has revolutionized patients ′care, and results in a personalized drug choice and dosage, through integration of pharmacology , drug information and individual ′s genetics information.The genetic testing for genes involved in drug metabolisms and targets become more and more important.However, the variety of the tests as well as the complexity of the technology brought great challenges in laboratory managements and quality assurance for individual clinical laboratory .This article briefly described the development status of pharmacogenomics and focused mainly on the routine quality assurance principle for four different techniques adopted by related genetic testing , and then presented recent research progression of related reference materials in genetic testing .Finally, the author prospects briefly the future development aspect of the quality control system .

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the CT features and pathology of peripheral adenocarcinoma.Methods Eighty patients with peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma (including 44 well-differentiated,23 moderate and 13 poorly one)confirmed by pathology were collected in this series.The comparative study on CT finding and pathologic data was done.Results Air bronchograms were seen in 35 cases (79.6%)in high differential adenocarcinoma and were seen in 7 cases(30.4%) in moderate differential adenocinoma but not seen in low differential ones.The emergeua rate of lobular sign,burr sign,sign of hollowed and sign of blood vessel bundle was high in low differentiated adenocarcinoma.Lymphnode metastases and distant matestasis in moderate-low differentiated adenocarcinoma were much more than that of high differentiated ones. Conclusion The air bronchogram in nodule on CT image is important in evaluating diagnosis and progrosis of peripheral adenocarcinoma.

Objective Speckle is the inherent problem exists in B-Mode ultrasound image,and effective speckle noise reduction will improve the image quality and contribute greatly to clinical doctors to diagnose,especially in fine ophthalmic examination with high frequency ultrasound.Methods This paper proposed a new speckle reduction method based on the Laplacian pyramid and multiscale analysis.In the Laplacian pyramid,true clinical features were separated from noise,according to the different bandpass ultrasound image characteristics in each layer,and the advanced eight directions speckle reduction anisotropic diffusion (SRAD)was adapted to suppressed the speckle noise,and the identified noise and the extracted features were selectively emphasized by suitable edge,coherence and contrast enhancement filtering from fine to coarse scales.The performance of the proposed method was compared to the traditional SRAD method and coherence-enhancing diffusion method by measuring the equivalent number of looks (ENL) and Time cost.Results The ENL and Time cost value of the proposed method were higher compared to the SRAD and the cedif method,i.e 1.172 3 vs 1.122 3,0.929 3 and 0.864 0 vs 1.396 0,1.468 3.Conclusions In summary,the proposed method can more effectively remove the speckle noise while preserving the edge and details of the images.

Objective To develop a set of high-frequency ultrasound grayscale blood flow imaging system based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) to execute simultaneous imaging of superficial blood flow and tissues.Methods This system was mainly composed of an ultrasonic transducer,an ultrasonic transmission and receiving modules,imaging software in host computer and peripheral equipment.A PVDF transducer with the frequency between 20 and 50 MHz was used for the ultrasonic transducer.In transmission and receiving modules,the radio frequency echo signals were digitized by high-speed A/D.Then the digital signals were transmitted,added,filtered,demodulated,log amplified,double sampled,and lastly transferred to the host computer by USB interface for real-time display.Results A vascular 1 mm far form the surface of the hand skin was examined by this system.Four blood flow images were obtained in corresponding with four transmission frequencies.Conclusion Real-time superficial organ blood flow imaging is realized by this system.The solution has the architecture concise and clear,and lays an experimental foundationfor high-frequency ultrasound gray-scale blood flow imaging.

Objective To study and evaluate islet cell adenoma of preliminary diagnosis.Method Retrospective analysis Wag done on 22 patients clinical data of preliminarily diagnosed islet cell adenoma.They were divided into two groups according to final diagnosis,group of islet cell adenoma(n=16)and group of reacfional hypoglycemia n=6).Results There were significant differences between the two groups in term of fames,cold sweat,cataphora,Whipple triad,hungry test,the ratio offasting blood insulin and fasting blood glucose exceeding 0.3 (I/G＞0.3) (P＜0.05).No statistical differences were found on blood glucose level in hypoglycemia onset,psychiatric symptom.Conclusion The clinic data is helpful for preliminary diagnosis,and Whipple triad,hungry test,I/G＞0.3 above all.

The number of application and granted funds for NSFC were analyzed statistically in Urology institute of Peking University from 2001 to 2007.The result showed the development of urological research projects and scientific research potential of institute of Urology in recent years.Meanwhile,some suggestions for existing problems of the scientific research were put forward in this paper.