Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of Urocalun in treatment of calculus in ureter. Methods Sixty patients with calculus in the ureter were treated.The diameters of the stones were less than 1 cm.The patients were assigned to receive Urocalun orally,450 mg each time,3 times a day. Results Five weeks after Urocalun administration,the calculi were eliminated in 45 cases (75%).The calculi descended in 10 cases (17%).The positions of calculi remained unchanged in the rest 5 cases (8%).Four patients (7%) had mild uncomfortableness in stomach,nausea or thirsty after Urocalun administration. Conclusions Urocalun is effective for eliminating the calculus in ureters.

Objective To explore the appropriate time to block adrenal androgens in endocrine therapy of prostate cancer.Methods An human androgen-dependent prostate carcinoma xenograft model in SCID mice was established with LNCaP cells.Firstly,the serum PSA and tumor volume of 2 groups (castrated and not castrated) were measured on the 1,4,7,10,14,17,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 day to determine the recurrent time of prostate cancer after castration.Secondly,3 different groups of castration and adrenalectomy at the same time,adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration and sham adrenalectomy in recurrent after castration,were set to measure the serum PSA and tumor volume on the 1,4,7,10,14,17,21,28,35,42,49 and 56 day.The tumor tissues of 5 groups were harvested to measure testosterone concentration,and tumor progress in these groups was compared.Results The recurrence time was 14 days in castrated group,21 days in group with castration and adrenalectomy at the same time and 35 days in group with adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration.The testosterone concentration in tumor tissues was (2.69± 0.21) pmol/g in the group with castration and adrenalectomy at the same time,and (2.16±0.13) pmol/g in the group with adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration,and the difference was significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with the therapy of castration and adrenalectomy at the same time,the therapy of adrenalectomy in recurrence after castration may have slower progress course in prostate cancer.

Objective To study and to analyse the cause of laparoscopic adrenalectomy failure and its complications. Methods 8 of 19 laparoscopic adrenalectomies were converted to open surgery .The cause of failure and its complications were analysed. Results The causes to convert to open surgery were:bleeding of right middle suprarenal vein in 1,adrenal tumor was sheltered of cauda pancreatis in 1,left adrenal cyst was sheltered by spleen in 1,CO 2 pneumoperitoneal pressure can not be maintained during the procedure in 2,tumers could not be found in 2,the telescopic port was inserted into musculus psoas major in the retroperitoneal approach and the bleeding influenced the operation field in 1.3 patients had high fever after operations and 1 had an abscess in the adrenal bed.Reactive pleuritis occurred in 1. Conclusions Fine technique and experiences were needed for laparoscopic procedures and good team work between the operators was very important.Complications were often associated with the initial cause that led to the laparacospic adrenalectomy failure.Laparoscopic adrenalectomy via the retroperitoneal approach has been easier than that via the transperitoneal approach.

Objective To study the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of implantation metastasis to abdominal incision after open operation for bladder carcinoma. Methods 10 cases of implantation metastasis to abdominal incision after open operation for bladder carcinoma encountered from 1985 to 1999 were retrospectively studied,nine being male and 1 female.The average age was 52.7 years. Results These were 6 transitional cell carcinoma (all were grade G 3),2 transitional cell carcinoma with squamous carcinoma or adenocarcinoma,1 squamous carcinoma,and 1 adenocarcinoma.The diameter of the metastasis lesion was 1.4～11.5 cm?1.0～6.9 cm.The treatments included total cystectomy with resection of metastasis,TURBt with resection of metastasis,urinary diversion with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, resection of metastasis with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy alone.7 of the 10 died of the carcinoma,the survival times being 4～41 months (average 13 months).Only 1 patient survived for 41 months.Whereas the others died within 14 months.3 patients are still alive for 5～9 months with no recurrence. Conclusions The differentiation of the cancer cells of implantation metastasis is usually bad and often accompanied by squamous followed by carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.Total cystectomy with resection of the metastasis followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy might prolong the survival time, but the prognosis is usually poor.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of midodrine (Gutron) in female patients with stress incontinence. Methods A randomized,double-blind,parallel,placebo-controlled,multicentric study was carried out.136 female patients with stress incontinence.68 cases in study group received Gutron (2.5 mg,thrice daily) for a course of 4 weeks.68 cases in control group received placebo in the same manner. Results 129 cases completed the treatment.The mean quantity of incontinent urine decreased by 9.9 g in those receiving Gutron ( n =66) and by 3.1 g in placebo ( n =63),respectively ( P 0.05). Conclusions Midodrine hydrochloride at the dose of 2.5 mg thrice daily has greater efficacy on female patients with stress incontinence than placebo, and the tolerability of midodrine was equivalent to that of placebo.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of prostat in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP). Methods A multicentral open clinical trial was conducted.A total of 115 CNP patients were enrolled in the trial.For each patient 1 tablet of prostat (70 mg P5+4 mg EA10) was orally administered twice a day. Results After 4- and 8- week therapy,NIH-CPSI overall scores were averagely decreased 7.1 (29.5%) and 11.9 (49.4%),respectively.Symptom rating scores were averagely decreased 5.0 (32.1%) and 8.2 (52.5%),respectively.Quality of life scores were averagely decreased 2.1 (24.6%) and 3.7 (43.9%),respectively.WBC counts in prostate massage fluid were averagely decreased 8.8/HP (39.3%) and 13.9/HP (61.9%),respectively.The total effective rate was 82.1% after 8 week therapy.No adverse reaction associated with medication was observed. Conclusions Prostat is effective and safe in relieving the subjective symptoms and improving the objective evaluation in the treatment of CNP patients.

Objective To study the relationship between chemical composition of urinary stones and metabolic disturbance. Methods 284 urinary stone patients who had undergone analysis of stone composition were evaluated;of them 191 patients had entire blood biochemistry results and 24-h urine analysis results.The relationship between stone composition and metabolic disturbance was analyzed using ?2 test. Results Calcium oxalate stones were found in 195 cases (68.7%),infection stones in 41 cases ( 14.4%),uric stones in 38 cases (13.4%),phosphate stones in 6 cases (2.1%) and cystine stones in 4 cases (1.4%).Metabolic disturbance was found in 176 (92.1%) of 191 patients with entire blood biochemistry results and 24-h urine analysis results.Among the 176 patients,hypercalciuria occurred in 27 cases (14.1%),hyperuricosuria in 54 cases (28.3%),hyperoxluria in 41 cases (21.5%),hyperphophauria in 55 cases (28.8%),hypocitraturia in 128 cases (67.0%),hypomagnesiuria in 80 cases (41.9%),24-h urine volume

0.05).Its presence was focal and they coexisted closely with that of the recipient in the biopsy.Conclusion There was no correlation between the percentage of recipient endothelial cells in vascular endothelial cells and the type of graft rejection.

Objective To review the clinical features of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (SCPCa). Methods The ages of 4 cases were 25-77 years. Four cases had progressive dysuria with 2 cases had chronic urinary retention and 2 had upper urinary tract hydronephrosis. On admission, all cases were palpated a hard prostate mass in digital rectal examination. Serum tPSA were 0. 57-6.36 ng/ml with a ratio f/t PSA 0. 26-0.63. B ultrasound, CT and MRI detected 3.9 cm×3. 9 cm×1.6 cm-11.3 cm×7. 9 cm×9. 5 cm irregular shape mass in prostate. 2 cases had seminal vesicle involved, 2 cases had rectum involved, 2 had unilateral ureter involved, and 1 case had sacrum involved. Pelvic lymphonodes metastasis were seen in 3 cases. Bone scan detected multiple bone metastasis in 3 patients. Results The final diagnoses were accomplished by prostate biopsy. Under light microscope, tumor cells were orbivular-ovate or fusiform shape, small volume, and had little cytoplasm. The margin of tumor cells was not clear. Caryokinesis phase could be found with hyperchromatic chromatin. Immunohistochemistry showed positive ChA staining in 4 eases, positive NSE expression in 2 patients and negative PSA in 4 cases. 3 cases were given cisplatin-based chemotherapy, pelvic radiation, or chemotherapy plus radiotherapy. All patients appeared widespread metastasis quickly and died or lost visit within one year. Conclusions SCPCa is a rare, poor prognosis malignancy with early extensive metastasis. The diagnosis is based on pathology.

0.05). However, the protein expression of HIF-1? was increased remarkably with correspondence to the different hypoxia time (P