Objective To study the browning-related genes of Poria cocos mycelia,so as to provide a basis for their further verification and to discuss the browning molecular mechanism of Poria cocos.Methods Four samples of normal and brown Poria cocos mycelia were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing.After aligned with the reference genome sequence of Poria cocos,the expression levels of the genes in different samples were analyzed.Results A total of 12 383 transcripts were identified.Among them,1 017 genes were firstly found,and 260 genes were functionally annotated.Based on the alignment results,336 common differentially-expressed genes overlapped between the normal mycelia and 3 browned mycelia were obtained,and part of them were evaluated.Conclusion Transcriptome sequencing results showed that plenty of differentially-expressed genes were found in brown Poria cocos mycelia,and the difference of the expression levels of some genes was up to several hundred folds or even thousands of folds,whose related-functions were worth of further analysis.

Objective To observe the surface electromyogram(sEMG)characteristics of the lower limbs muscles in stroke patients and healthy subjects during the passive and active-assisted anti-resistance movements.Methods Twenty four stroke patients and 17 healthy individuals(control group) participated in this study.sEMG of rectus femoris(RF),vastus lateralis(VL),ventralis medialis(VM)and biceps femoris(BF)was recorded during passive and active-assisted anti-resistance of knee joint in both groups.Average EMG(AEMG),mean power frequency(MPF)and median frequency(MF) were analyzed.Results Multiple factor ANOVA showed that very significant differences in the values of MF,MPF and AEMG between non-paretic and the paretic limbs appeared(P

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the dynamic contractions on the surface electromyography (sEMG) single of stroke patients induced from the low limb muscle when exercising passively, exercising initiatively with assistant and against resistance.Methods 24 stroke patients with hemiplegia and 17 normal subjects were tested with sEMG under a dynamic contractions in coxa and knee flexion and extension passively, initiatively with assistant and against resistance. The myoelectric signals were collected and processed by linear time and frequency domain method.Results The values of median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) of stroke group were significantly lower, but the value of average EMG (AEMG) was higher ( P<0.001). The values of MF and MPF in activity side were lower than that in non-activity side ( P<0.001). The values of MF and MPF when exercising passively were higher than that when exercising with resistance ( P<0.05). The value of AEMG when exercising with resistance was highest. The values of MF and MPF in the synergist muscle were higher. The values of AEMG in the antagonistic muscle and synergist muscle were higher than that agonist and synergist muscle ( P<0.01). The values of MF and MPF in non-paretic exercising side were higher significantly, but in paretic exercising side and non-paretic silent side were lower. The values of MF and MPF in exercising side from vastus lateralis (VL) were the highest. The values of AEMG in exercising side and non-exercising side from biceps femoris (BF) were the highest. The values of MF and MPF in low limb of stroke group reduced, that in rectus femoris (RF) from paretic side was the lowest; that in BF from non-paretic side was the lowest ( P<0.01). The value of AEMG in low limb of stroke group was high significantly, especially in BF from the low limb of the non-paretic side in stroke patients. The values of AEMG in four group muscles gradually were higher following the higher exercising load, and that in the BF was the highest, and that in vastus medialis (VM) rose significantly.Conclusion The values of MF and MPF of stroke patients with hemiplegia reduce significantly, but the value of AEMG is higher. The values of MF and MPF in exercising side are lower than that in non-exercising side and non-paretic exercising side rising significantly, but that in paretic exercising side and non-paretic silent side reduce significantly. The values of MF and MPF in assistant exercise are higher than that in passive exercise and resistance exercise, but the value of AEMG in resistance exercise is higher than that in assistant exercise and in passive exercise. The values of MF and MPF in synergist muscle rise, but the values of AEMG in antagonist and synergist muscle are higher than that agonist and synergist muscle.

Objective To observe the influence of dynamic contractions on the sEMG co-contraction ratio taken from the antagonist muscles of the knee joint of stroke patients.Methods 11 stroke patients and 14 healthy subjects were measured the dynamic contractions in both knee flexion and extension with the surface electromyography(sEMG).Results There was no significant differences of the median frequency(MF),mean power frequency(MPF),average EMG(AEMG)and the sEMG co-contraction ratio within the stroke patients and the healthy(P>0.05).There was no significant difference of the MF between the patients compared with the healthy(P>0.05),but the sEMG co-contraction ratio of the MPF increased significantly and that of AEMG decreased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion The MPF,AEMG and the sEMG co-contraction ratio taken from the stoke patients may reflect the characters of the low limb muscle and the MF may not.

Using novel virtual reality (VR) technology to carry out the construction of clinical medical examination question bank, while deepening the reform of clinical medical course examination, it continues to innovate the medical professional evaluation system and improve the flexibility, diversity and scientificity of clinical medicine in teaching and assessment. It is of great and far-reaching significance to improve the teaching level and the quality of medical education in medical colleges and universities. This paper analyzes and discusses the necessity and feasibility of building a clinical medical examination question bank, and the advantages and prospects of integrating VR technology to carry out the construction of clinical medical examination question bank. At the same time, the exploration and practice of the examination question bank construction based on VR technology disscussed in detail would provide innovative thinking and reference for the clinical medical teaching and evaluation, medical personnel training and other aspects in China.