Objective To explore the efficacy of calmodulin antagonist berbamine(BBM) in down-regulating survivin mRNA. Methods Human breast cancer cell line MCF7 and its adriamycin-resistant counterpart MCF7/ADR were used in the study. The cells were cultured with different concentration of BBM for 72 hours. The mRNA expression level of survivin gene in both MCF and MCF7/ADR cells was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results After treating MCF7 and MCF7/ADR cells by 20?mol/L BBM, the mRNA expression level of survivin gene decreased from 0.43?0.02 to 0.21?0.04 in MCF7 cells, and from 0.57?0.05 to 0.45?0.04 in MCF/ADR cells(P

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of incorporating QDH on acute cerebral vascular dementia(VD).Methods 100 patients with acute cerebral vascular dementia were randomly divided into treatment group of 70 patients and control group of 30 patients.The treatment group used incorporating QDH;The control group used nimodipine.It was 20 days on therapeutic course for 2 groups.Results The total effective rate in treatment group was 90%,which was 33% in control group respectively.There was a significant difference between two groups(P

Objective To perform a meta-analysis on the association of of genotype B/C and HBV DNA conversion of negative or HBeAg clearance to lamivudine therapy.Methods Several databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and CNKI Database) were searched from 1966 to 2012 for all publications on the association between genotype B/C and response to LAM therapy.The articles were selected according to the protocol previously designed.Meta analysis using Revman 5 software.Results Finally, 19 RCTs were retrieved involving 3148 patients for the subsequent meta-analysis. Among them, 10 articles (n=1860) look at HBV DNA and 9 (n=1288) at HbeAg clearance.For HBV DNA conversion of negative, the overall RR (95% CI) associated with genotype B/C was 1.07(0.98-1.17). Of the nine analyzed trials, HBeAg clearance was observed in genotype B group as compared with that genotype C group, the overall RR (95% CI) was 1.27 (0.94-1.71).Conclusion Meta-analysis indicates that genotype B/C is not associated with response to LAM therapy.Further mechanism researches are required to clarify.Large-scale population studies in multicountries are also necessary to evaluate the influence of HBV genotypes in hepatitis B progression and antiviral treatment.

To observe the changes in proteolytic rate of different kinds of skeletal muscle and the content of serum glucocorticoid in rats after burn injury,to compare the response of different types of skeletal muscle to burn injury,and to preliminarily investigate the factors modulating skeletal muscle proteolysis after burn injury, Wistar rats were inflicted 30%TBSA(total body surface area) full-thickness burn. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups as the following: 2h, 6h, 12h and 24h after burn injury, each time point was matched with a sham control group. In-vitro muscle incubation system with sufficient oxygen supply as well as amino acid automatic analyzer were used for the assessment of the proteolytic rate of extensor digitorium longus(EDL) and soleus(SOL)muscles. The level of serum glucocorticoid was determined with radio-immuno assay. The result indicated that total proteolytic rate and myofibrillar proteolytic rate in EDL muscle increased strikingly at each time point after burn injury, and the rise of myofibrillar proteolytic rate was even greater in magnitude. No statistically significant difference in total and myofibrillar proteolytic rate occurred in SOL muscle during postburn period. Serum glucocorticoid notably increased in each observation time point compared with that of normal control( P

To study the regularity of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated protein expression in rat skeletal muscle after burn injury, the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle protein catabolism was investigated. Wistar rats were inflicted on a 30% full thickness burn. They were grouped according to the time of sacrifice :2, 6, 12 and 24 hours after burn, each group included normal control. The extensor digitorium logus (EDL) muscle was taken to assay the proteolytic rate and the expression of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated protein during postburn period. It was found that proteolytic rate of EDL muscle was markedly enhanced, especially in myofibrillar proteolytic rate, by 185% and 153% at 12h and 24h after burn injury, respectively. The contents of free ubiquitin and ubiquitinated protein in rat EDL muscle were significantly increased after burn injury, especially at 12 and 24 hour. The contents of free ubiquitin and ubiquitinated protein increased 33% and 186% at 12h postburn, increased 30% and 163% at 24h,respectively. The high protein catabolism of skeletal muscle during postburn stage is in close relation to high expression of free ubiquitin and ubiquitinated protein.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of aminophylline for prevention of the negative chronotropic effect of remifentanil.Methods Forty patients undergoing general anesthesia,aged 20-55 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or 1Ⅱ,were randomly divided into control group (group C) and aminophylline group (group AP),with 20 patients in each group.At 30 min before induction of anesthesia,normal saline 20 ml was infused intravenously in group C,and aminophylline 3 mg/kg was infused intravenously in group AP.Midazolam 0.1 mg/kg was then injected intravenously.Remifentanil 2 μg/kg was injected intravenously after the patients fell asleep and then artificial ventilation was performed.Vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg,fentanyl 3 μg/kg,and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg were injected intravenously 7 min later.The patients were then endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.HR and MAP were recorded before induction of anesthesia (T0),after falling asleep (T1),and at 0,1,3,5 and 7 min (T2-6) after the end of remifentanil injection.Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were recorded at T0,T1 and T2,and the ratio of LF/HF was calculated.Results Compared with the baseline value at T0,MAP and HR were significantly decreased at T2-6 in the two groups,and LF and HF were decreased at T1,and LF/HF ratio was increased at T1 in group AP.HR and LF/HF ratio were significantly higher,and LF and HF were lower at T1 in group AP than in group C.Conclusion The efficacy of aminophylline for prevention of the negative chronotropic effect of remifentanil on the hearts of patients is good.

Objevtive To study the effect of ubiquitin proteasome pathway inhibition on NF ?B activity and I?B?expression as well as TNF ? secretion in the liver in burned rats with sepsis. Methods Rats were subjected to 30% full thickness scald injury, followed by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was used for this experiment to mimic early sepsis after burn. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, burn sepsis group, burn sepsis with proteasome inhibitor N Acetyl leucinyl leucinyl norleucinal (ALLN) treatment group, and burn sepsis with NF ?B inhibitor Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment group with 6 rats in each group. The following parameters were measured with the method indicated in parentheses: NF ?B activity (electrophoretic mobility shift assay, EMSA), I?B ? expression (Western blotting), and TNF ? (Enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay, ELISA). Results These showed that NF ?B activity was markedly activated and reached its peak 1h after challenge ( P

Objective To investigate the mechanism of changes in skeletal muscle proteolytic rate after escharectomy during early stage of severe burn in rats. Methods One hundred and fifty six Wistar rats were subjected to 30% total body surface area (TBSA) full thickness burn on the back, and they were randomly divided into normal control group (group C), burn injury group (group B), escharectomy during early stage (1 PBD) group (group S)and escharectomy after early stage (4 PBD) group (group N). The extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscle was collected from each rats using a technique that injury to the muscle was avoided, and the proteolytic rate of EDL was determined after in vitro muscle incubation with sufficient oxygen supply with amino acid automatic analyzer. Transcriptional expression of ubiquitin was assessed by Northern Blot. Results The myofibrillar proteolytic rate (MPR) was markedly increased at each time points after scald, and the MPR in group S was significantly decreased compared with group N. The expression of ubiquitin mRNA markedly increased in the three groups compared with group C, and was decreased in Group S. There was a significant positive correlation between MPR and expression of ubiquitin mRNA. Conclusion Escharectomy during early stage can alleviate protein catabolism in skeletal muscle, and may be related to decreased activity of ubiquitin proteasome pathway

Objective To investigate the influence of different stimulating factors on protein metabolism of rat skeletal muscle. Methods Three kinds of animal models were used in this study as follows: burn injury group (group B, n =40), endotoxin challenge group (group E, n =40), and burn injury followed by endotoxin challenge group (group B+E, n =40). The proteolytic rate of extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscle was determined by amino acid auto analyzer after incubation in a muscle incubation system. Results The proteolytic rate of EDL muscle of rats was increased markedly in those three groups, especially the myofibrillar proteolytic rate. The protein breakdown of muscle in group E was higher than that of group B, and it was even much higher in group B+E. Conclusions As compared among burn injury, endotoxin challenge and burn injury followed by endotoxin challenge, the change in muscle proteolytic rate is correlated to seriousness of the injuries

Objective To develop the methods for using 0.015 cc pinpoint chambers, 0.007 cc miniature chambers and diode detector to measure Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) small field in IMRT.Methods MAX4000 and Unidos electrometers were connected with different types of small chambers and diode detectors.MLC shaped fields of10 cm×10 cm, 6 cm×6 cm, 4 cm×4 cm, 3 cm×3 cm, 2 cm× 2 cm were defined at 100 cm SSD.The field sizes for the Varian accelerator were defined by the tertiary MLC, while the secondary jaws were kept at 10 cm × 10 cm field, with the monitor units of 250 MU.Each field was measured three times to obtain the average value.The readings of all small fields were normalized to 10 cm × 10 cm field values for comparison of measured and published output factors.Results The relative deviations of the MLC small field output factors from the published outputs are 1.0％ , 1.7％ , 1.5％ and 2.4％, respectively, for Unidos electrometer connected with 0.015 cc pinpoint chamber;0.2％, 0.8％, 0.8％ and 1.4％, respectively, for Unidos electrometer connected with 0.007 cc miniature chamber;and 0.1％, 0.5％, 0.5％ and 0.9％, respectively, for MAX4000 electrometer connected with 0.007 cc miniature chamber.Conclusions The 0.015 cc chamber-measured MLC output factors for 3 cm × 3 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm fields are excellent.As required by IAEA, the relative deviations of the measured output factor from the published output factor are within ± 2％ for 2 cm × 2 cm fields and ± 3％ for larger fields.The results measured using 0.007 cc chamber are better than those measured using 0.015 cc chamber.The measured results using the diode detector, normalized to the 10 cm × 10 cm field, are consistent with the minimum requirements and excellent when being normalized to the 4 cm × 4 cm field.For dosimetric consideration, MLC small field output factor should be measured using small chamber and diode detector.The method is accurate and reliable, therefore, all measured output factors for MLC small fields should be input into radiation treatment plan system.