The damage to the barrier of colonic mucosal epithelial cells is the fundamental cause of bacterial translocation.The tight junction among epithelial cells forms the most important constituent part of the mechanical barrier of the organism to prevent bacterial translocation from happening in the intestinal canal.The para-colonic-mucosal-epithelial-cell space is closed by protein complexes which are considered to be used for regulating the permeability between cells.ZO-1,Claudin-1 and Occludin are the most representative among the numerous protein complexes.They have become the important index to judge the damage degree of the barrier of colonic mucosal epithelial cells in test.The endotoxin is the product released by bacteria.Anti-endotoxin is one of the methods to protect the colonic mucosal barrier,to prevent and treat bacterial translocation.There are anti-endotoxin drugs.However,there has not been any drug widely recognized clinically up to now.Qingyi Decoction and Chaiqin Chengqi Decoction are the traditional Chinese medicine with the function of protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier and suppressing the transloeation of enteric bacteria.Oxymatrine has many pharmacological effects such as anti-bacterial,anti-inflammatory and immunoragulation.The recent animal experiments showed that oxymatrine has protective effect on the intestinal mucosa during severe infection.However,the mechanism of the drug action has not been completely known and needs to be studied in depth.Our traditional Chinese medicine applies extensively in clinical application of the prevention of the damage to the colonic mucosal epithelial cells during severe infection.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in colon mucosa and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The density of nerve fiber in colon mucosa and ultrastructural alterations of nerve fiber in IBS were also observed. Methods From September 2008 to January 2010,the IBS patients who visited the department of gastroenterology of our hospital and met the Rome Ⅲ diagnosis criteria were selected and divided into IBS with diarrhea (D-IBS) and IBS with constipation (C-IBS) according to their clinical features. The patients with colon polyps detected by colonoscopy in our hospital were selected as control group. All subjects were asked to fill in Self-Rating abdominal pain or abdominal uncomfortable Scale according to abdominal symptom in the last 2 weeks before visit and underwent colonoscopy. Four biopsy specimens were taken from the colon mucosa of rectosigmoid junction. Ofwhich,two specimens were for protein isolation and detection of BDNF expression level,one specimen was used for PGP 9. 5 immunohistochemistry staining in paraffin slices. Another specimen was used to observe the ultrastructure changes of nerve fiber in colon mucosa under transmission electron microscopy. Results Total 40 IBS patients were enrolled in this study,of those 21 were D-IBS patients,19 were C-IBS patients,and 21 were controls. The abdominal pain severity score and frequency score of IBS patients were (2. 3±0. 8) and (2. 1±0. 7),which were significantly higher than those of control group (0. 4±0. 7 and 0. 3±0. 5,P＜0. 001). Compared with the control group,the BDNF expression in colon mucosa was significantly elevated in IBS patients (P= 0. 003 ),and which correlated with the severity and frequency of abdominal pain/discomfort (r=0. 57,P＜0. 001and r=0. 46,P= 0. 003,respectively). The immunohistochemistry result indicated that the nerve fiber density in colon mucosa of IBS patients was significantly higher than that of controls,and there were ultrastructural changes of colon mucosal nerve fibers in IBS patients. Conclusion Increased colon mucosal BDNF expression may be associated with abdominal pain symptom in IBS patients. The impaired ultrastructural of mucosal nerve fibers may cause the increased BDNF expression in colon mucosa,and result in the increased mucosal nerve fiber density in IBS patients.

BACKGROUND:How to improve effective connection strength between fiber post and resin, to reduce the failure rate of repairing, has become the focus of current researches. Without surface treatment, the fiber post surface bonding strength is relatively low, is prone to appear adhesive failure, so the surface treatment of fiber post to increase the fiber post-resin bonding strength is the key to achieve a successful repair. OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of fiber post surface treatment technology in the crown restoration. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed among CNKI and PubMed databases between 2003 and 2013, by using the key words of fiber-reinforced post, surface treatment, bond strength in English and Chinese. The recent literatures concerned with the fiber post surface treatment were extensively reviewed, 32 ones were summarized and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The failure of bonding between fiber post and resin is a major problem in fiber posts restoration techniques. In recent years, scholars try to use a variety of methods for processing fiber post surface, the fiber post-resin bonding strength is significantly improved. Mechanical or (and) chemical treatment on the surface of fiber post can significantly improve fiber post-resin bonding strength, which could increase the success rate of the crown restoration. Among them, H2O2+silicane coupling agent achieved the best effects. However, long-term clinical observations are needed to verify these methods.

Faced with the development of medical computer information and lacking of medical students’ information education, integrated education of medical computer information capacity is explored and implemented. Medical students’ entire cognition on computer information is improved, their working and learning ability and efficiency are improved obviously by education, and thus medical students’ comprehensive ability is enhanced effectively.

BACKGROUND:Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury is a serious secondary injury of the spinal cord. Multifactor could contribute to the mechanism of this injury, and many therapeutic measures emerge, but the therapeutic effect is not ideal.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of hydrogen-rich saline on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.
METHODS:ZIVIN method was adopted to prepare the model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. The rabbit models were randomly divided into model group, sham operation group, and hydrogen-rich saline group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Improved Tarlov scores for the evaluation of motor function were significantly increased in hydrogen-rich saline group compared with the model group at 6, 12, 24, 72 hours after reperfusion (P<0.01). The contents of malondialdehyde were significantly lower (P<0.05), while catalase activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in hydrogen-rich saline group than that in model group at 72 hours after reperfusion. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that, spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons maintained intact structure in sham operation group;more necrotic spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons were found in model group, and granular-vacuolar degeneration occurred in the endochylema. In hydrogen-rich saline group, the structure of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons was basical y intact, only a smal amount of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons appeared vacuolar degeneration. TUNEL staining showed no apoptotic spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons in sham operation group. Many inflammatory cel s and apoptotic neurons were found in model group. There were few inflammatory cel s and apoptotic neurons in hydrogen-rich saline group. Hydrogen-rich saline can prevent the apoptosis of spinal cord anterior-horn motor neurons in rabbits with spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury, and the underlying mechanism is associated with antioxidative effect.

AIM:To investigate the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH) analogue on the growth of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro and to explore the related mechanisms with PI 3K/Akt or ERK/MAPK pathways .METHODS: The proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 treatment with triptorelin was detected by MTT assay and the distribution of the cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry .The phosphorylation of the ERK 1/2 and Akt was evaluated by Western blotting .RESULTS:Triptorelin inhibited the prolifera-tion of MCF-7 cells at concentration of 10-5 mol/L after treated for 192 h or at concentration of 10 -4 mol/L after treated for 168 h and 192 h.Triptorelin inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells at concentration of 10 -4 mol/L after treated for 192 h (P<0.05).Treatment with triptorelin for 192 h at concentration of 10 -4 mol/L had no statistical significance effect on phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Inhibitory effect of GnRH analogue triptorelin on human breast cancer cells is not just the connection with the down-regulation of pituitary hormone , but also a direct in-hibitory effect.The role may not be involved in the activation of ERK /MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways .

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical effects of calcaneal fracture with closed reduction and minimally invasive plate fixation assisted with bidirectional distractor distraction.

METHODSFrom September 2015 to October 2016, 11 male patients(13 feet) with calcaneal fractures treated with bidirectional distractor distraction assisted with minimally invasive plate fixation were retrospectively studied. They were aged from 24 to 57 years old with an average of 36.4 years old;8 feet were type IIand 5 feet were type III according to Sanders classification. Postoperative incision, fracture healing, Böhler angle, Gissane angle were observed and Maryland scoring system was used to evaluate clinical effects.

RESULTSAll fractures healed well without incision inflammation and incision disunion. All patients were followed up from 12 to 15 months with an average of 13.5 months. Böhler angle were improved from (9.6±7.3)° before operation to (20.2±4.6) ° at 1 year after operation, and had statistical meaning; Gissane angle increased from (92.7 ±8.5)° before operation to (121.7 ±7.6) ° at 1 year after operation. Maryland score at 1 year after operation was 88.79±8.25, and 11 feet got excellent results and 2 feet moderate.

CONCLUSIONSBidirectional distractor distraction assisted with minimally invasive plate fixation could effectively fix calcaneal fractures, reduce postoperative complications, and get satisfied results of postoperative images and functional recovery. It is one of effective methods for treating Sanders II and III calcaneal fractures.

Objective To explore the effect of prevention and treatment of external application of Algoplaque for controlling phlebitis caused by peripheral indewelling needle in vein for patients. Methods This research was divided into two parts,prevention and treatment. As for prevention research,patients were randomly divided into the experimental and the control groups,each group included 30 patients. In the experimental group,we applied directly external application of Algoplaque at the upper of needle puncture site of the vein and nearby the eye. In the control group,we applied the film directly to fix the indwelling needle. As for the treatment research, it was carried out in patients with occurred phlebitis, who were randomly divided into two groups,the experimental group included 30 cases of patients and the control group included 28 cases of patients. Observation time was one to five days. Results The incidence of phlebitis in the experimental group of prevention research was 23%, in the control group it was 90%. The incidence of phlebitis in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The effective rate in the experimental group of treatment research was 96.7% and it was 67.9% in the control group. The difference was very significant. Conclusions External application of Algoplaque can effectively control phlebitis caused by peripheral indewelling needle in vein.

Background and purpose:Colorectal serrated adenoma (SA) was ofifcially named in 2000 by the WHO as a separate disease, with unique properties compared with traditional adenoma (TA), and its relationship with colorectal cancer (CRC) is very concerned. This study was to analyze and compare the telomerase, p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression on the tissues of SA, TA and CRC. Methods:Immunohistochemistry was adopted to analyze the expression of telomerase, p53, and Ki-67 in 37 cases of SA, 36 cases of TA and 34 cases of CRC. Results:The p53-positive percentage of SA was signiifcantly lower than that of TA (P<0.01), and the p53-positive percentage of TA was signiifcantly lower than that of CRC (P<0.01). No signiifcant difference of Ki-67 expression was found between SA and TA, and the Ki-67-positive percentage of SA and TA was lower than that of CRC (P<0.01). The telomerase-positive percentage of TA was signiifcantly lower than that of SA (P<0.01), and the telomerase-positive percentage of SA was signiifcantly lower than that of CRC (P<0.05). Conclusion:Telomerase, P53, and Ki-67 immunohisto chemical analysis indicated that SA is a kind of proliferative adenoma, and telomerase activation may play a role in the cancer process.

A total of 41 patients with aspiration pneumonia after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy were retrospectively selected from January 2005 to December 2010.They were divided into early bronchoscopy group (n =24) and conventional therapy group (n =17) to analyze the therapeutic effects of early bronchoscopy on temperature,white blood cell (WBC),absorption of chest radiography and mortality rates.The temperature and WBC were at the same level between both groups at pre-treatment [(38.7 ±0.7)℃ vs.(38.5 ±0.7)℃,P=0.633; (15.8 ±4.2) × 109/L vs.(16.2 ±3.4) × 109/L,P =0.430]while the temperature declined obviously after a 3-day treatment [(37.3 ±0.9)℃ vs.(38.4 ± 1.4)℃,P =0.015] and also WBC after a 5-day treatment[(10.6±4.2) × 109/L vs.(15.3 ±6.9) × 109/L,P=0.045].The bronchoscopy group had a faster absorption of chest radiography (Z =-3.515,P =0.00).The mortality rate showed no statistically significant difference between both groups.