The color fading reation on potassium bromate with Victoria green stand G by the catalysis of nitrite in hydrochloric acid medium was studied. The experimental condition offlow injection spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace NO2- was optimized. The linear range for the determination of nitrite is 0.00～0.30 mg/L and 0.30～ 2.00 mg/L, the solpes of standard curves are 0.708 and 0.339 respectively, the analytical speed is 80/h. It has been used todetermine trace nitrite in the collanae lake water, fishpond water, power plant waste water and well water. The results are satifactory.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of health belief mode1 system nursing education on lymphedema risk-reduction behavior,incidence and quality of life in post-operation breast cancer patients.MethodsA total of 225 patients who were underwent surgery by inclusion criteria and then were randomly divided into the intervention group ( n =109 ) and the control group ( n =106 ).The control group was given routine education,while the intervention group was given health belief model system education in addition routine education.Patients were followed up for at least 12 months,and the implementation of lymphedema risk-reduction behavior,quality of life,and the incidence of lymphedema of two groups were compared.ResultsThe implementation of lymphedema risk-reduction behavior were higher in intervention group than that in control group with statistically significantly difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).The incidence of lymphedema was 16.5％ in intervention group,37.7％ in control group,the difference was significantly in two groups.Scores for general quality of life (107.81 ± 10.10),emotional well-being ( 19.72 ± 3.74 ),functional well-being( 18.58 ± 3.34 ),social/family well-being( 21.85 ± 3.69 ),concerns specific to breast cancer patients(24.47 ± 3.59) were higher in intervention group than those in control group( ( 101.07 ±10.54),(18.48 ± 3.63),(14.79 ± 3.22),(20.39 ± 4.82),(23.10 ± 4.78)) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Health belief model system nursing intervention can improve the implementation of lymphedema risk-reduction behavior,decrease the incidence of lymphedema and increase long-term quality of life of the breast cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect and prognosis of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation ( EPLBD) in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. Methods A total of 153 patients with choledocholithiasis (>1. 0 cm in stone diameter) admitted and treated in Shanxi People's Hospital from August 2016 to November 2017 were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table: the EPLBD group ( n=83) and the small endoscopic sphincterotomy plus large balloon dilatation ( ESLBD) group ( n=70) . The success rate of stone removal, the rate of lithotripsy, and the incidence of short-term and long-term complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistical differences between the EPLBD group and the ESLBD group in total stone removal rate [ 95. 2％( 79/83) VS 97. 1％ ( 68/70) ,χ2=0. 388, P=0. 533] and one-time stone removal rate [ 92. 8％ ( 77/83) VS 90. 0％ ( 63/70) ,χ2=0. 375, P=0. 540] . The lithotripsy rate between the two groups had no statistical difference [ 25. 3％ ( 21/83 ) VS 35. 7％ ( 25/70 ) , χ2 = 1. 958, P= 0. 162 ] . There was no statistical difference in the incidence of recent complications between the two groups [ 43. 4％ ( 36/83 ) VS 40. 0％(28/70), χ2=0. 178, P=0. 673]. No postoperative perforation was found in either group. The follow-up time was 22. 7 ± 4. 3 months in the EPLBD group, and 20. 8 ± 6. 3 months in the ESLBD group. The cumulative recurrent rate of choledocholithiasis in the two groups were 2. 4％ ( 2/83) and 15. 7％ ( 11/70) , respectively, and the difference was significant ( P=0. 003) . Conclusion Simple EPLBD in the treatment of choledocholithiasis is equivalent to ESLBD in the success rate of stone removal, utilization rate of lithotripsy, and incidence of recent complications, but the long-term stone recurrence rate of EPLBD is lower than that of ESLBD. EPLBD is effective and safe on the treatment of choledocholithiasis.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical audiological characteristics in Chinese Alport syndrome, and investigate the relationship between the genotypes of Alport syndrome and hearing phenotype.

METHODSThe clinical hearing data of 92 cases diagnosed as Alport syndrome from 2008 August to 2013 August were reviewed and analyzed. All coding exons of COL4A3 and COL4A5 genes were PCR-amplified and sequenced from genomic DNA, or mRNA of COL4A5 gene was RT-PCR-amplified and sequenced from skin fibroblast in 17 cases.

RESULTSEighty-seven out of 92 cases were found with X-linked dominant inheritance (XLAS); 5 cases with autosomal recessive (ARAS); 44 cases had normal hearing, but 14 young cases had abnormal OAE; 48 cases (52.2%, 35 male, 13 female) had sensorineural hearing loss. A total of 44 cases with XLAS had hearing loss (49.4%), wherein the incidence of hearing impairment was 55.0% in male XLAS, and 37.0% in female XLAS. Mild and moderate hearing loss were found in XLAS. Audiometric curves including groove type (21 cases), descending type (13 cases), flat type (10 cases), high frequency drop type (3 cases) and ascending type (1 case) were found in AS. Sixteen mutations of COL4A3, COL4A5 gene were found in 17 cases with Alport syndrome, including severe mutation in 8 cases with moderate hearing impairment.

CONCLUSIONSMild and moderate hearing impairment, and groove type of audiometric curve are mainly found in Chinese Alport syndrome, which is different from Alport syndrome in western countries. OAE in the early diagnosis of hearing loss is important. Hearing phenotype is related certainly with genotype.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Base Sequence ; Collagen Type IV ; DNA ; Deafness ; Exons ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger

Objective To summarize the phenotypic spectrum of cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) in Fujian population,evaluate the efficiency of the scale and try to adjust it.Methods Thirty-eight CADASIL patients and 64 CADASIL-like patients were recruited based on the CADASIL scale and gene tests,who visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and Fujian Neurology Research Institute from May 2011 to November 2017.Their clinical and neuroimaging characteristics were analyzed.Results The migraine,migraine with aura,transient ischemic attack / stroke,early onset age,psychiatric disturbances,cognitive decline,leukoencephalopathy,subcortical infarcts showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups.Instead,compared with CADASIL-like patients (10/64,15.6％;47/64,73.4％;10/64,15.6％),CADASIL patients demonstrated higher percentages of temporal pole involvements (13/38,34.2％;x5=4.716,P=0.030),external capsule involvements (36/38,94.7％;P=0.008) and family history in at least two generations (13/38,34.2％;x2=4.716,P=0.030).According to the scale,the scores showed statistically significant difference between CADASIL (14.84 ± 3.03) and CADASIL-like patients (13.34 ± 3.31;t=2.282,P=0.025) with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.622.Conclusions CADASIL showed no specific symptoms in Fujian population.The neuroimaging features were proposed to be focused on,especially the external capsule involvements.CADASIL scale could improve diagnostic efficiency,but still needs to be adjusted for Fujian population.The weight value of migraine,migraine with aura and cognitive decline was suggested to be decreased.

Objective:To assess the differences in multidimensional clinical manifestations between patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) matching the Rome Ⅲ criteria but not matching Rome Ⅳ and IBS patients matching the Rome Ⅳ criteria, among patients diagnosed with IBS according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.Methods:From November 2016 to October 2017, a total of 472 IBS patients admitted to six hospitals were selected, which included Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (139 cases), Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine of Zhejiang University (95 cases), the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (96 cases), the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (90 cases), the People′s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (20 cases), and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University (32 cases). The 472 IBS patients were divided into the group that matching the Rome Ⅳ criteria (Rome Ⅳ group), and the group that matching the Rome Ⅲ criteria but not matching the Rome Ⅳ criteria (Rome Ⅲ group). The basic characteristics (IBS course, post-infectious IBS, history of smoking or drinking, etc.), abdominal symptoms, and defecation-related symptoms of two groups were compared and analyzed by face-to-face questionnaires. Multi-dimensional clinical manifestations assessment was completed by questionnaires, which included gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), irritable bowel syndrome-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS), irritable bowel syndrome-quality of life (IBS-QOL), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Independent sample t-test, rank sum test, and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were 344 patients (72.9%) in Rome Ⅳ group and 128 patients (27.1%) in Rome Ⅲ group. The IBS course of patients in Rome Ⅳ group was longer than that in Rome Ⅲ group (3.0 years (7.0 years) vs. 2.0 years (5.7 years)), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.73, P=0.006). The GSRS scores of loose stools and abdominal pain of IBS patients in Rome Ⅳ group were higher than those in Rome Ⅲ group, and the GSRS scores of increased exhaust and abdominal distension of IBS patients in Rome Ⅳ group were lower than those in Rome Ⅲ group (3.0(2.0) vs. 2.0(4.0), 3.0(2.0) vs.1.0(2.0), 1.5(3.0) vs. 2.0(3.0), 1.0 (3.0) vs. 2.0(3.0)), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.48, -9.90, -2.11 and -2.06, P=0.013, <0.001, =0.035 and =0.040). The proportions of fatigue and dizziness of IBS patients in Rome Ⅳ group were higher than those in Rome Ⅲ group (58.4% (201/344) vs. 43.0% (55/128), 30.8% (106/344) vs. 29.7% (38/128)), and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=8.37 and 12.36, P=0.004 and <0.001). The scores of anxiety and depression subscales of the HADS of IBS patients in Rome Ⅳ group were higher than those in Rome Ⅲ group (6.5 (6.8) vs. 6.0 (6.0), 5.0 (6.0) vs. 3.0 (5.0)), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.58 and -2.40, P=0.010 and 0.017). The scores of IBS-SSS scale, abdominal pain severity, abdominal pain frequency, and impact on quality of life of IBS patients in Rome Ⅳ group were all higher than those in Rome Ⅲ group (249.5 (108.0) vs. 177.0 (111.8), 50.0 (25.0) vs. 20.0 (30.0), 50.0 (70.0) vs. 10.0 (30.0), 66.0 (42.0) vs. 42.5 (34.0)), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-7.79, -9.64, -10.65 and -2.48, P<0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and =0.013). The score of IBS-QOL for behavioral disorder of IBS patients in Rome Ⅳ group was lower than that in Rome Ⅲ group (74.5±21.6 vs. 79.2±17.7), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-2.22, P=0.027). Conclusion:The clinical symptoms of patients mathching the Rome Ⅳ criteria are more typical and severe, as compared with those of IBS patients matching the Rome Ⅲ criteria but not matching the Rome Ⅳ criteria.

Objective: To understand the factors affecting the compliance of blood glucose monitoring in patients with type 2 diabetes in rural areas, and to provide evidence for improving the compliance of patients with blood glucose monitoring. Methods: A method of phenomenological study in qualitative research was conducted to conduct deep semi-structured interviews on 43 patients with poor blood glucose compliance in type 2 diabetes in rural areas, and to analyze the collected data. Results: Extracted five themes: bad experience affected compliance; lack of knowledge about blood glucose monitoring; economic and time was not sufficient; "long-term illness into a good doctor" overconfidence; social support uncertainty. Conclusions The status of blood glucose monitoring in rural type 2 diabetes patients is not optimistic. In order to improve the compliance of patients with blood glucose monitoring, nursing workers should pay attention to the mastery of blood glucose monitoring knowledge in rural type 2 diabetes patients, improve blood glucose monitoring methods and techniques, and give full play to the role of family doctors. Efforts to improve patient blood glucose monitoring compliance.