AIM:To develope a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determing chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in Fanhuncao Granule(Senecio cannabifolius Less). METHODS: The operation was carried out on Eclipse XDB-C_(18) column with the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid(12(∶)88,V/V).The flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection wavelength at 327 nm were set to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid and caffieic acid. RESULTS: There was good linear relationship between the concentrations and the peak-areas of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid.The two kinds of standard solutions were both stable in 16 h(RSD=1.55% for chlorogenic acid,1.11% for caffeic acid) The average recovery was 100.1% and 99.8% for chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid,repectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,sensitive,rapid and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Fanhuncao Granule.

RNAs are known to regulate diverse biological processes, either as protein-encoding molecules or as non-coding RNAs.However, a new class of bi-functional RNAs, carrying both protein coding and RNA-intrinsic functions, have been identified and termed as 'CncRNAs'.This review discuss three major genomic sources of CncRNAs and describe the dual characteristics and functional mechanisms of them, providing a new perspective to further understand the complexity of the transcriptomics and genomes and the complex gene-regulatory network in organisms.

Objective: To design a biodegradable aerosol film for treating various wound and diffuse hemorrhage in various organs. Methods: Uniform design was used to screen prescription. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to assay the release in vitro . Results: Time of film formation was less than 30 s. The release in vitro was about 50% in 15 min and stabilized gradually after 15 min. Conclusion:The film formation and release in vitro are well acceptable. [

Objective:To better understand the clinical characteristics of children with pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP).Methods:Seven cases of non-human immunodeficiency virus infected children with PCP admitted to pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) at Xi′an Children′s Hospital from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were enrolled.Clinical findings, laboratory examination results, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome data were retrospectively reviewed.Results:There were seven children enrolled in this study including six boys and one girl.The average age was(6.09±3.80)years.Six patients received a long-term steroid or immunosuppressive therapy, and the average duration of medication was(80±30)days.One patient was eventually diagnosed with immunodeficiency disease despite no history of steroid and immunosuppressive therapy.Fever, cough and progressive dyspnea were the main manifestations.The pulmonary signs were not obvious, however, the chest radiographs showed serious ground glass changes.Laboratory examination showed that white blood cell counts were normal, lymphocyte counts were decreased to varying degrees, while C-reactive protein, calcitonin and lipopolysaccharide increased slightly or normal.Lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased and PaO 2/FiO 2 decreased, respectively.All children combined with different degrees of heart, liver and digestive tract damage.Pneumocystis jirovecii infection was diagnosed by metagenomics next-generation sequencing(mNGS), of which one case was detected by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the remaining six cases were detected by peripheral blood.After entering PICU, mechanical ventilation, intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin, and continuous renal replacement therapy were performed.None of the children used TMP-SMZ for prophylaxis outside the hospital.Among them, one case was diagnosed with PCP before entering PICU and was given TMP-SMZ for 20 days, while the remaining six patients started to receive TMP-SMZ after entering PICU.Finally, one patient was cured, three died and another three cases died after giving up treatment.The average hospitalization days were(11.28±8.78)days, and the average hospitalization costs were (78, 000±24, 000) RMB. Conclusion:Children with non-human immunodeficiency virus infected PCP usually have underlying diseases or immunodeficiency diseases.Due to non-specific manifestations, rapid progression and high mortality, clinicians should pay more attention to it.It is necessary to dynamically observe the respiratory symptoms, perform mNGS as soon as possible, and give TMP-SMZ treatment in time.TMP-SMZ prophylaxis can be given to patients who are highly suspected of PCP but unable to perform pathogenic examinations.

Objective To observe the effects of permanent magnetic fields with different magnetic inductions on oxidative damage to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) under normal and hypoxic conditions. Methods HBMECs were cultured in vitro under normal and hypoxic conditions,then divided into a control group and groups receiving magnetic induction at 8.1,16.5,20.3,26.0,27.3,62.5,110.7 and 215.6 mT.Changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in each group were measured 72 h after exposure to the magnetic fields. Results Under normal conditions the SOD activities of the magnetic groups were not significantly different from that of the control group. Only the MDA content of the 215.6 mT group was statistically different (slightly higher) than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Under hypoxic conditions,there was again no statistically significant difference in SOD activity,but the MDA content of the 110.7 mT group was significantly lower. Conclusions Under normal conditions,a 215.6 mT permanent magnetic field has an effect on MDA in HBMECs; under hypoxic conditions a 110.7 mT permanent magnetic field has such an effect.

Mortality of patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAI) is as high as 41％ to 78％ with the conservative treatment in the intensive care unit.Malignant edema caused tentorial herniation is the most common cause of resulting in the death of patients.Some evidence supports the hemicraniectomy for the treatment of patients with mMCAI.The patients must receive supportive and adjuvant therapies before surgical decision making.Therefore,the prediction and intensive care of mMCAI have a very important significance.This article reviews the predictive factors and intensive care of mMCAI.

Objective To explore the possible roles of PI3K pathway and MAPK pathway in mediating the survival and differentiation-promoting effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) on midbrain dopaminergic neurons.(Methods Midbrain) slices of early postnatal rats were cultured,the slices were divided into four groups according to the different substances added into the culture medium: i.e.blank control group,GDNF group,Wortmanin plus GDNF group,and PD98059 plus GDNF group.On the 6th day,some slices were fixed,embedded and sectioned.The sections were processed for tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) immunohistochemistry,and then examined under microscope to determine the morphologic index for statistic analysis(n=6).Meanwhile,some slices were taken for Western blot to examine the expression of TH protein in midbrain slices(n=4). Results GDNF group slices showed the morphologic maturity,the density and the diameter of TH positive neurons,as well as the level of TH expression,were all significantly higher than that of the control groups.The survival effect of GDNF on DA neurons was almost abolished when the PI3K pathway was blocked with Wortmannin;while the MAP kinase and ERK kinase(MEK) inhibitor PD 98059 was added to block the MAPK pathway,the diameter of TH positive neurons was decreased significantly.Conclusion The PI3K pathway might mediate the survival effect of GDNF,while the MAPK pathway seems to be involved in the differentiation process.

Objective To observe the proliferation and differentiation of the neural progenitors in the midbrain substantia nigra(SN) of adult rat when dopaminergic neurons(DA neurons) were destroyed. Methods The Parkinson disease model(PD model) was induced in adult SD rats by steriotaxic injection of 6-OHDA into the right striatum,and then assessed by behavioral analysis to screen the qualified models.After varied survival period,the brain of model rats were perfused and fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde,moved the segment of SN,embedded with paraffin and coronally sectioned continuously.The microsections were processed by immunohistochemistry labeling separately the neural progenitors with anti-nestin monoclonal antibody,the dividing cells with anti-PCNA(proliferation cell nuclear antigen),the neuronal precursors with anti-Tuj1(?-tubulin isotype Ⅲ),and DA neurons with anti-TH(tyrosine hydroxylase).The labeled cells were counted under microscope and analyzed statistically.(Results It) was found in the right SN of PD model rats that: 1.Nestin positive(Nestin~+) cells appeared 10d after 6-OHDA injection,became abundant on 14d,declined in number on 17d,and disappeared on 21d.2.Weakly positive PCNA(PCNA~+) cells appeared on 7d.PCNA~+ cells were abundant on 14d,decreased in number from 21d,with only a few positive cells noticed on 28d.3.Tuj1 positive cells appeared in small number on 10d,became abundant on 14d,decreased in number from 17d and dropped nearly to zero on 21d.4.The number of TH positive neurons was significantly less than the normal control(by 24%) on 7d,and became even less as time elapsed.Conclusion When 6-OHDA is injected into the striatum of adult rats to cause degeneration and death of the DA neurons there,there would be a certain period of time in which a number of neural progenitors will be induced to proliferate actively and differentiate toward neuronal cells(except DA neurons).

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for acute renal injury (AKI) in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsPatients with ischemic stroke were enrolled retrospectively.The general clinical data, vascular risk factors, drug use, stroke etiological typing, stroke severity, and baseline biochemical indices were collected.They were divided into either an AKI group or a control group according to whether AKI occurred or not.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors for occurring AKI in patients with ischemic stroke.ResultsA total of 214 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled, including 32 (14.95%) had AKI and 182 (85.05%) did not have AKI.The proportions of patients in heart failure (62.50% vs.41.21%;χ2=4.998, P=0.025), mannitol use (87.50% vs.43.96%;χ2=20.643, P<0.001), furosemide use (87.50% vs.43.96%;χ2=20.643, P<0.001), contrast agent use (37.50% vs.19.23%;χ2=5.300, P=0.021), and contrast dosage >200 ml (28.13% vs.9.89%;χ2=6.637, P=0.010), as well as NIHSS score (18.0±4.5)vs.8.0±3.2;t=15.249, P<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (89.98±9.1 mmHg vs.80.56±8.19 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa;t=5.898, P<0.001), fasting blood-glucose (10.54±4.31 mmol/L vs.6.32±1.32 mmol/L;t=5.898, P<0.001), blood urea nitrogen level (11.21±2.13 mmol/L vs.7.98±2.34 mmol/L;t=7.293, P<0.001), and arterial lactate concentration (3.98±0.12 mmol/L vs.0.91±0.25 mmol/L;t=68.003, P<0.001) in the AKI group were significantly higher than those in the non-AKI group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting various confounding factors, higher NIHSS score (odds ratio [OR] 1.910,95% confidence interval[CI] 1.517-6.012;P=0.024), higher diastolic pressure (OR 1.816, 95% CI 1.652-3.876;P=0.018), arterial lactate concentration (OR 1.553, 95% CI 1.256-1.763;P=0.019), mannitol use (OR 3.765, 95% CI 2.081-9.658;P=0.017), furosemide use (OR 5.329, 95% CI 3.085-8.763 P=0.010), contrast agent use (OR 2.097, 95% CI 1.364-2.456;P=0.031), and contrast dosage >200 ml (OR 3.294, 95% CI 1.464-2.786;P=0.021) were the independent risk factors for AKI in patients with acute ischemic stroke.ConclusionsThe NIHSS score, diastolic blood pressure, arterial lactate concentration,mannitol use, furosemide use, contrast agent use and contrast dosage >200 ml were associated with AKI in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To investigate the treatment delay in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease in different levels of hospital in Qingdao area and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 700 patients with acute cerebrovascular disease from the city, county and township hospitals in Qingdao were selected from June 2008 to February 2009. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate and analyze the visiting time in patients with stroke and its possible influencing factors. Results The average visiting rate in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease was 30% within 4.5 hours after the onset in Qingdao area. The average visiting rate of the township hospitals was lowest (26%), of the city hospitals was moderate (28%), and of the county hospitals was highest (36%). For the city hospitals, the male patients usually delayed the visiting. The patients with high school or higher education level, urban medical insurance, 120 transportation, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ＜ 3 could usually he treated timely; For the county hospitals, the patients with secondary school or lower education level, 120 transportation, and NIHSS ＜3 could usually be treated timely. For the township hospitals, the patients with NIHSS ＞ 7 and unconsciousness could usually be treated timely. Conclusions The patients with acute cerebrovascular disease in the city, county and township hospitals in Qingdao area had significant treatment delay. Of those, 120 transportation and higher levels of education could decrease the treatment delay of patients. Therefore, perfecting stroke emergency network, raising people's level of education, and strengthening propaganda and education on stroke knowledge in all levels of hospitals are essential for timely treatment of stroke patients.