Objective To observe the inhibition effect of Shenkang 2 on rats'HPA axis,and provide theoretical basis for clinical application of steroid withdrawal and maintenance in the treatment phase.Methods To built the HPA axis suppression rat model by using high-dose glucocorticoids,when the hormone reduced to low-dose,traditional Chinese medicine Shenkang 2 were administrated.Serum ACTH,cortisol levels,adrenal index,adrenal pathological differences were observed before and after the treatment of Shenkang 2 among the treatment group,hormone control group and normal group.Results Serum ACTH,cortisol and adrenal index slowly recovered after hormone withdrawal in beth treatment group and the hormone control group,serum ACTH,cortisol and adrenal index in the treatment group rebounded faster than that in the control group,the atrophy of fascicular zone of adrenal cortex and cell disarrangement was lighter in the treatment group than that in the control group.Conclusions Shenkang 2 can improve the suppression effect of glucocorticoid-induced HPA axis suppression.

Now the layer-by-layer self-assembling (LbL) technique has become an attention-getting reparative methodology for ultrathin film formation. Many scientists in different academic areas including bioengieering, medical science, drug controlled release, optoelectronics dive into this technology. Among of them, carriers with structures which can be flexibly controlled are more useful since functional structure units can be assembled in layer-by-layer fashion, which is simplicity, chemical mildness, concealment, can achieve targeted drug delivery and so on. In this review, we have discussed the advantage, development, influential factors and applications of LbL. We have focused on reviewing the applications and perspective of nanoparticles, microgels and capsules were both fabricated via the LbL assembling at drug delivery.

Objective:To investigate involvement of the Ras/Erk signal pathway in activation of human ??T cells stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis low molecular peptide antigen(Mtb-Ag).Methods:PBMC were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects and simulated in vitro with Mtb-Ag,CD3mAb or PMA and inomysin(IM).CD69 expression of total T cells and ??T cells were measured by flow cytometry at different hours after stimulation, and the number of expanded ??T cells were counted after 10 days of culture. PD98059,a specific inhibitor for Erk pathway was used to treat PBMC for 30 min before stimulation.Results:The proportions of CD69 expressing cells in total T cells and ??T cells were same as 99% at 6 h after stimulation of PBMC with PMA +IM and similar about 55% at 24 h after stimulation with CD3 mAb,whereas those at 24 h stimulation of PBMC with Mtb-Ag were 75.2% and 16.0%,respectively.CD69 expression and proliferation of ??T cells activated by Mtb-Ag were markedly inhibited by pretreatment of PBMC with PD98059.Conclusion:Mtb-Ag is a specific stimulator for activation of ??T cells, and Ras/Erk signal transduction pathway involves in the activation of ??T cells.

Objective:To examine the polymerization shrinkage stress of three universal hybrid composite resins by photo-elastic analysis.Method:Epoxide resin disks (d=80 mm,h=4 mm) with a cylindrical cavity (d=4 mm) in the middle were prepared.Composite resins of Charisma,TPH Spectrum and Esthet-X were respectively filled in the cavities for the formation of specimens.Eight specimens were made for each resin.The resin specimens were light cured for 40 s by Dentsply QHL75 Curing lite. Polymerization contraction stress was calculated based on the diameter of the isochromatic rings of first order obtained from the diameter of epoxide resin specimen at 1,2,3,4,5,10,20 and 30 min,1,24 and 48 h after curing. The statistical analysis was carried out with the Wilcoxon test.Results:Polymerization contraction stress rised rapidly in the first 10 min after curing. 1 and 24 h after curing the shrinkage stress(MPa) of Charisma were 2.893 6?0.1 and 4.190 4?0.1,while that of Esthet-X were 2.291 7? 0.1 and 3.143 9? 0.3 ,respectively.The shrinkage stress values of TPH spectrum was between those of Charisma and Esthet-X 24 h after curing. 79% specimens showed shrinkage stress releasing during 24 and 48 h after curing.Conclusion:The rates of the shrinkage stress of the three studied resin composites are different.

Pulsed drug delivery(PDD),which can be released at well-defined time points as the therapy needs,can decrease the frequency and avoid taking drug at night,thus improving patient compliance.Here we introduce three kinds of programmed PDD systems independent of external chemical triggering;they are divided according to the triggering mechanisms:degradation-triggered PDD,osmotic pressure-triggered PDD,and both degradationi and osmotic pressure-triggered PDD.This paper reviews preparing technique,release mechanisms and influencing factors of the three PDD systems.The release profiles of pulsatile PDD can be regulated for different therapeutic needs,requiring no external triggers;especially that the PDD system triggered by both degradation and osmotic pressure has a bright future.

AIM:To develope a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for determing chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid in Fanhuncao Granule(Senecio cannabifolius Less). METHODS: The operation was carried out on Eclipse XDB-C_(18) column with the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of acetonitrile-0.4% phosphoric acid(12(∶)88,V/V).The flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection wavelength at 327 nm were set to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid and caffieic acid. RESULTS: There was good linear relationship between the concentrations and the peak-areas of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid.The two kinds of standard solutions were both stable in 16 h(RSD=1.55% for chlorogenic acid,1.11% for caffeic acid) The average recovery was 100.1% and 99.8% for chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid,repectively. CONCLUSION: The method is simple,sensitive,rapid and accurate,and can be used for the quality control of Fanhuncao Granule.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenkang-Ⅱ on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) in nephrotic syndrome rats during high-dose glucocorticoids withdrawal, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of Shenkang-Ⅱ during the withdrawing and maintaining stages of glucocorticoids in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Methods The models of nephrotic syndrome in rats were established with adriamycin, and treated with high-dose glucocorticoid which can cause HPA axis suppression. After the HPA axis was suppressed, the hormone was reduced gradually. At the same time, the rats were treated by intragastric administration with different doses of Shenkang-Ⅱ. The changes of serum ACTH, cortisol and adrenal morphological in large dose of Shenkang-Ⅱ group, small dose of Shenkang-Ⅱ group, hormone control group, nephrotic syndrome model group and normal group were observed after two weeks. Results In the stage of withdrawing glucocorticoids, there were some amelioration in the changes of serum ACTH, cortisol in every group. After 2 weeks, those changes didn’t return to normal level. However, compared with the level of hormone control group, there were obvious increases in the levels of serum ACTH and cortisol in the large and small dose of Shenkang-Ⅱ group (P

The article introduces the pathogenesis of genetic and acquired thrombophilia and elucidates the relationships among thrombophilia, pediatric stroke, adult ischemic stroke and cerebral venous thrombosis. Meanwhile, it briefly introduces the relationships between acquired thrombophilia and cerebrovascular diseases.

Protein kinase C(PKC) is the main signaling molecule of the diacylglycerol dependent protein kinase C signal transducting system.PKC plays an important role in the generation and progress of cancer.The activation of PKC is associated with the proliferation,differentiation,apoptosis,migration and multidrug resistance(MDR) of tumor cells.It may become a novel anti-tumor strategy to block the proliferation and drug resistance signal transduction passageways with new specific PKC inhibitors directed at the PKC subgroup in tumor cells.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and to evaluate prognosis of critically ill patients who developed acute renal failure(ARF).Methods A retrospective study was carried out in critically ill patients who developed ARF.APACHE Ⅱ,SAPSⅡ,SOFA and ATN-ISI were used to evaluate outcome of ARF.Results The incidence of ARF in critically ill patients was 19.1% with a high mortality(51.2%).The clinical characteristics of 41 patients with ARF were:mechanical ventilation 65.9%,vasopressor support 46.3%,oliguria 41.5%,number of insufficient organs 2.16,APACHEⅡscore 17.3,SAPSⅡ score 52.0,SOFA score 9.26 and ATN-ISI 0.54.By COX regression,number of insufficient organs(RR 2.54;95%CI 1.316 ~ 4.913)(P=0.006)and requirement of mechanical ventilation(RR 6.0;95%CI 1.102~32.6)(P=0.038)were independent risk factors for ICU mortality of ARF.APACHEⅡscore,SAPSⅡscore,SOFA score and ATN-ISI were demonstrated to predict mortality of ARF patients accurately as indicated by areas under the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curves of 0.848(95% CI: 0.722~0.974;P