Enamel pearl is an ectopic enamel, which usually occurs in the root bifurcate or approaching enamel-cementum site of the first maxillary molar. A case of multiple enamel pearls on the left maxillary third molar is reported in this paper, and relevant literature was reviewed.
Dental Cementum ; Dental Enamel ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Molar ; Molar, Third ; Tooth Root

0.05). The cells on Ti1 and Ti2 were attached well till confluent.Conclusion:The neotype titanium alloys are biocompatible.

OBJECTIVE To explore urinary tract infection.METHODS Totally 750 clinical isolates of urinary tract infection were collected from patients who were cured in our hospital from 2001 to 2003,then analyzed the kinds of these bacterials and sensitive rate to antibiotics.RESULTS The percentage of Gram-negative bacilli was 53.60%,in which Escherichia coli was 38.13%;The percentage of Gram-positive cocci was 35.20%,in which Enterococcus were 16.53%;the percentage of fungi was 11.20%.The resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ampicillin,amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,quinolones,nalidixic acid and SXT was 80.54%,57.69%,45.00-71.00%, 71.23% and 65.14%,respectively,and the resistance rate to amikacin was lower than to gentamicin(5.82% vs 39.11%,P

Objective To seek for the best clinical nursing pathway for early limbs activity of patients with high-risk hemiplegia in the department of cerebral surgery and to reduce limbs paralysis and improve their life quality.Methods Patients(112 cases)with high-risk bemiplegia in the department of cerebral surgery from January to December in 2007 were set as the experimental group.They took part in limbs early activity on the first day on admission with application of clinical nursing pathway.Patients(89 cases)of the same kind who took part in limbs activity from January to December in 2006 were set as the control group.The two groups were compared with Brunnstrom scale beth on admission and discharge.Results The Brunnstrom grade of upper limbs,hands and lower limbs of the experimental group was evidently higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Especially the isolated movement and coordination ability of the hands significantly increased(P＜0.01). Conclusions Early limbs activity with clinical nursing pathway for patients with high-risk hemiplegia in the department of cerebral surgery could reach the aim of recovery of limbs functional activity.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the component contents and near-infrared spectral characteristics of sophora pieces from different habitats to confirm the near-infrared spectral features of sophora pieces. Methods: The near-infrared spectroscopy of the sophora extract was determined to confirm the characteristic absorption of principal components. Meanwhile, the content of main ingredients in sophora pieces was measured by HPLC, and the near-infrared spectral characteristics of sophora pieces from different places were compared analyzed. Results: The near-infrared spectral features of sophora pieces from different habitats showed some differences with something in common. There was a close relationship between the near-infrared spectral features and the compositions and the main ingredients. Conclusion:Combining with the near-infrared spectra of sophora extract can effectively identify the characteristics of sophora pieces from different places, which is beneficial to the establishment of a reasonable and effective near-in-frared qualitative analysis model.

Objective To summarize the imaging features of the thoracic canal stenosis caused by ossification of ligamentum flavum, and to evaluate its clinical results of a novel decompression of total laminotomy and autografting in-situ. Methods 31 patients underwent total laminotomy, autografting in-situ and decompression to treat the ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum. In the study, there were 18 males and 13 females; the average age was 45.7 years (rang, 26 to 73). 3 patients were associated with cervical stenosis, 5 with lumbar stenosis, and 2 with both cervical and lumbar stenosis. 9 were associated with anterior compression by thoracic disc herniation or OPLL. The vertebrae affected were 1 level in 3 patients, 2 levels in 12, 3 levels in 11 and more than 4 levels in 5. 23 affected segments were located at the upper thoracic spine(T1-T4), 19 at the mid-thoracic spine(T5-T8) and 52 at lower-thoracic spine(T9-T12). All the patients underwent total laminotomy and autografting in-situ, 9 patients with thoracic disc herniation or OPLL received discectomy and internal fixation at one stage. The postoperative outcomes were evaluated according to Epstein criteria. Results The patients were followed up 6 to 63 months (mean, 15 months). The clinical outcomes were excellent in 14 cases, good in 7 cases, and fair in 3 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 87.5%. One case experienced neurological complication with Frankel C grade improved to Frankel D grade treated with neurotrophic drug and hyperbaric oxygen and to Frankel E grade at 5 months after operation. 2 presented with lower limb intravenous thrombosis, and CSF leakage happened in 1 case and cured with re-operation. The osteotomy of total laminotomy was bony healed at average of 5.5 months, and there was not new formed ossification anterior to re-implanted vertebral lamina and spinal cord compression. Conclusion MRI combined with CT scanning is a most useful imaging modality for the diagnosis of ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum. The novel surgical procedure designed by the authors is safe and effective in treating ossification of thoracic ligamentum flavum.

Objective To explore the effect of individual rehabilitation nursing guidance on the initiative of rehabilitation therapy of spinalcord injury patients. Methods 50 spinal cord injured patients were divided into conventional group (group A) and individualized group(group B). Group A was given conventional rehabilitation nursing guidance. Group B was given special rehabilitation nursing guidance consideringthe patients' and their families' requirement. Initiative of rehabilitation therapy was assessed between group A and group B beforeand 2 months after intervention. Results Group A had no significant increasing of initiative assessment score (P<0.05) 2 months, while theinitiative assessment score of group B increased significantly (P<0.01), even group B was better than group A (P<0.05) after the intervention.Conclusion Individual rehabilitation nursing guidance may facilitate to improve the initiative of SCI patients.

ObjectiveTo discuss the clinical value of transcutaneous bilirubin assay and serum bilirubin assay in diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.MethodsSelected 180 cases of hyperbilirubinemia in term newborn infants using standardized JH20-1C transcutaneous bilirubin testing non-invasive transcutaneous bilirubin determination,and compared with serum bilirubin measurement.ResultThere was significant positive correlation between transcutaneous bilirubin[51.3-325.6 (169.3 ± 51.2) μ mol/L ] and serum bilirubin [ 68.4-338.9 ( 187.5 ± 42.5 ) μ mol/L ] (r =0.91,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement is a non-invasive,easy operation,reliable results,there is higher value of clinical application for the detection and diagnosis of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Objective To explore the effect of nursing intervention on the hyponatremia after cervical spinal cord injury. Methods 60 patients with the hyponatremia after cervical spinal cord injury were divided into a control group (n=30) and a nursing intervention group (n=30). The control group was just given a general treatment on hyponatremia, while the nursing intervention group was given a systematic nursing intervention of hyponatremia by the duty nurse concerned. The serum sodium value and the course of disease of the two groups were both analyzed a month after nursing intervention. Results Compared with the control group, the value of serum sodium in the nursing intervention group got a significant rise with a shorter course and a less relapsed cases (P<0.01). Conclusion Nursing intervention may improve the hyponatremia after cervical spinal cord injury.

The aim of this work was to investigate guar gum/ethylcellulose mix coated pellets for potential colon-specific drug delivery. The coated pellets, containing 5-fluorouracil as a model drug, were prepared in a fluidized bed coater by spraying the aqueous/ethanol dispersion mixture of guar gum and ethylcellulose. The lag time of drug release and release rate were adjustable by changing the ratio of guar gum to ethylcellulose and coat weight gain. In order to find the optimal coating formulation that was able to achieve drug targeting to the colon, the effect of two independent variables (the ratio of guar gum to ethylcellulose and the coat weight gain) on drug release characteristics was studied using 3×4 factorial design and response surface methodology. Results indicated that drug release rate decreased as the proportion of ethylcellulose in the hybrid coat and the coat weight gain increased. When the ratio of guar gum to ethylcellulose was kept in the range of 0.2 to 0.7, and the coat weight gain in the range of 250% to 500%, the coated pellets can keep intact for about 5 h in upper gastrointestine and achieve colon-specific drug delivery. The pellets prepared under optimal conditions resulted in delayed-release sigmoidal patterns with T5% (time for 5% drug release) of 5.1-7.8 h and T90% (time for 90% drug release) of 9.8-16.3 h. Further more, drug release was accelerated and T90% of the optimum formulation pellets decreased to 9.0-14.5 h in pH 6.5 phosphate buffer with hydrolase. It is concluded that mixed coating of guar gum and ethylcellulose is able to provide protection of the drug load in the upper gastrointestinal tract, while allowing enzymatic breakdown of the hybrid coat to release the drug load in the colon.