Objective To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the apoptosis resulted from hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) and potential relation to caspase-3 expression.Methods Rats were divided into HIBD、HBO、sham operation group.To observe the morphologic change of brain tissues treated by HBO and compared with that of the hypoxia-ischemia rat model, then check the dynastic change of caspase-3 expression by immunohistochemistry at different time point. Results The expression of caspase-3 in the hippocampus and cortex was higher than that of sham group at 18, 24, 48 and 96 h time point(P

Objective To study the survival,growth and function restoration of fetal ovary allotransplantation.Methods 18~20 days fresh and frozen-thawed rat ovaries were ectopic allotransplanted subcutaneously to adult female SD rats that had been castrated for 4 weeks.Vaginal smears were taken daily after transplantation to observe the restoration of estrous cycles,and serum oestradiol(E_2) and progesterone(P) levels were measured at different time.Histological morphology of endometrium and ovaries were compared among four groups.Results 52.17%of the recipients in fresh group and 38.01% in frozen-thawed group resulted in restoration of regular estrous cyclic activity,and hormone level became normal on day 35 and day 49 after transplantation.The grafts grew up and follicles in different developing stage and corpora lutea could be observed under microscope.Endometrium had hormone effects.Conclusions This study indicates that subcutaneously allotransplanted fetal ovaries can survive,develop and restore the function of secreting sex hormone.The ultraspeed cooling rats fetal ovaries can be survival when they were thawed and develop and secrete hormone as fresh ovaries after being allotransplanted.

Objective To investigate the effects of an enriched environment (EE) on the psychological and behavioral symptoms of senescence and on the level of plasmic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and serum corticosteroid (Cor). MethodsTwenty male senescence-prone SAMP8 mice of 3 months old were divided randomly into an enriched environment (EE) group and a standard environment (SE) group.Five male senescence-resistant SAMR1 mice of the same age served as the control group.Behavioral symptoms were assessed after 2 months using autonomic activity and elevated-plus maze (EPM) test performance.Plasma ACTH and serum Cor were detected using radio-immunologic methods. ResultsAverage autonomic activity frequency and EPM open-arm times were significantly lower with the SAMP8 mice than among the control group,and the autonomic activity frequency was significantly higher in the EE group than in the SE group of SAMP8 mice.The average EPM open-arm times of the EE group and the SE were not significantly different.Average ACTH and Cor levels were both significantly lower in the SAMP8 mice,and the level of ACTH was significantly higher in the EE group than in the SE group.There was no significant difference in these groups' average Cor levels. ConclusionsThe SAMP8 mice of 5 months demonstrated significant mental and behavioral abnormalities,as well as down-regulated plasma levels of ACTH and Cor.EE An enhanced environment can reduce behavioral disturbance through up-regulating ACTH.

Objective To compare two different dumping cooking methods (boiling vs.frying) in their effect on postprandial glucose level in diabetic patients using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).Methods 10 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in-patients in the Department of Endocrinology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between February and May 2011 were enrolled,whose fasting and preprandial glucose levels were controlled with a insulin pump.On day 2 and day 4 in the study period,the patients were given fried dumplings and boiled dumplings for lunch respectively,with the same nutrient contents.The starch digestibility of these two kinds of dumplings were compared using in vitro resistant starch digestion,measuring the concentrations of rapidly digestible starch,slowly digestible starch,and resistant starch.CGM was used to record blood glucose changes,in order to evaluate glycemic effect of these two dumpling cooking methods on postprandial glucose levels at 9 time points (0,15,30,60,90,120,150,180,and 240 minutes),peak blood glucose,and area under the curve (AUC) in 4 time periods (0-60,63-120,123-180,and 183-240 minutes).Results The percentage of rapidly digestible starch was remarkably lower in fried dumplings than in boiled dumplings (30.8％ vs.77.0％),but the content of slowly digestible starch in fried dumplings was higher than that in boiled ones (63.7％ vs.20.7％),and the content of resistant starch in both dumplings were similarly low (1.9％ and 2.3％).The average time to the peak glucose value was shorter in fried dumplings compared with boiled dumplings [(93 ± 53) minutes vs.(156 ± 61) minutes,P =0.02],but the average glucose levels at all the 9 time points and the AUC in all the 4 time periods were not significantly different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with fried dumplings,boiled dumplings show faster starch digestion,but long time to the peak postprandial glucose level.Fried dumplings may raise the glucose level faster than boiled dumplings do in T2DM patients.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of gefitinib in the first-line and the second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with different mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with advanced NSCLC harboring different EGFR mutations and taking gefitinib as the first-line or the second-line treatment in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. According to the treatment method, the patients were divided into the first-line treatment group (36 cases) and the second-line treatment group (34 cases); according to the type of gene mutations, the patients were divided into exon 19 deletion group (EGFR gene exon 19 LREA deletion, 46 cases) and exon 21 mutation group (exon 21 L858R mutation, 24 cases). Progression-free survival (PFS), effective rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR) were observed in each group. Results Of the 70 evaluable patients, the median PFS time in patients with exon 19 LREA deletion was 8.88 months (95％ CI 7.72-10.04), and the median PFS time in patients with exon 21 L858R mutation was 8.67 months (95％ CI 7.17-10.17), the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.959). The ORR in patients with exon 19 LREA deletion was 69.6％ (32/46), and the ORR inpatients with exon 21 L858R mutation was 54.2％ (13/24), the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2= 1.629, P = 0.202). The DCR in patients with exon 19 LREA deletion was 84.8％ (39/46), and the DCR in patients with exon 21 L858R mutation was 91.7％ (22/24), the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2= 0.194, P = 0.659). The median PFS time in patients with the first-line treatment was 9.22 months (95％ CI 7.92-10.52), and the median PFS time in patients with the second-line treatment was 8.37 months (95％ CI 7.08-9.65), the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.507). The ORR in patients with the first-line treatment was 63.9％ (23/36), and the ORR in patients with the second-line treatment was 58.8％ (20/34), the difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 = 1.460, P = 0.227). The DCR in patients with the first-line treatment was 88.9％ (32/36), and the DCR in patients with the second-line treatment was 88.2％ (30/34), the difference was not statistical significant (χ 2 = 0.060, P = 0.940). Conclusion The short-term efficacy and PFS are similar between NSCLC patients with different mutations of EGFR or with the first-line and the second-line treatment with gefitinib.

Objective:To observe the effect of combining transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with functional electrical stimulation-assisted cycling (FES-cycling) on lower limb motor function early after a stroke.Methods:Thirty-seven survivors of a recent stroke were divided into a tDCS treatment group ( n=18) and a pseudo-stimulation group ( n=19). While receiving routine rehabilitation training and clinical drug treatment, the tDCS treatment group also cycled in response to functional electrical stimulation while simultaneously receiving tDCS anode stimulation of the motor cortex M1 area. The pseudo-stimulation group followed the same protocol but with the tDCS stimulation inactivated. Both groups were treated for 20min daily, 5 days weekly for 4 weeks. Before and after the 4 weeks of treatment, the lower limb motor function, walking ability and ability in the activities of daily living of both groups were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale for the lower extremities (FMA-LE), the timed up and go test (TUGT) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) respectively. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to detect each subject′s cerebral cortex motor threshold (CMT) , cortical latency (CL) and central motor conduction time (CMCT) as well as the amplitude (Amp) of the motor evoked potential of the lower limb primary motor cortex (M1 area). Results:After 4 weeks of treatment, the average FMA-LE and MBI scores and TUGT times of the two groups had improved significantly compared with those before treatment. The average FMA-LE score and TUGT time of the tDCS group were significantly better than those of the pseudo-stimulation group. The average CMT, CL and CMCT in both groups were significantly lower than those before the intervention, while the average Amp had increased significantly, but there were significant differences in the average CMT, Amp, CL and CMCT between the two groups after the 4 weeks of treatment.Conclusions:Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cycling assisted by functional electrical stimulation can effectively stimulate excitability in the motor cortex soon after a stroke. That should promote the recovery of nerve activity and lower limb function.

Objective To survey birth defects of neonates conceived by using various types of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) between 1998 and 2007 in Shanghai. Methods From 1998 to 2007, 8507 neonates from 6551 pregnancies conceived through assistant reproductive technology (ART) from 7 reproductive medicine center in Shanghai were enrolled in this retrospective study, including Shanghai Ji-Ai Genetics and IVF Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine affiliated Renji Hospital,Buijin Hospital, China Welfare Institute International Maternal and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai the Ninth People's Hospital and the Second Military Medical University affiliated Changhal Hospital. The clinical data about the type and incidence of birth defect were analyzed. Meanwhile, the factors associated with birth defect were investigated, such as various ART,gender, mother age, numbers of gestational sac, the source and quality of sperm. Results The birth defect rate was 1.08% (92/8507) and the most remarkable malformation occurred in circulation system [34% (31/92)]. The rates of major congenital malformations were 1.21% (34/2799) in fresh conventional IVF-ET, 1.07% (20/1871) in IVF-frozen-thawed embryo transfer(IVF-FET), 1.04% (23/2212) in fresh intracyto plasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-ET and 0.92% (15/1625) in ICSI-FET, which did not show statistical difference (P>0.05). There was also no significantly different incidence of malformations between 1.12% (49/4371) in male neonates and 1.02% (42/4136) in female neonates (P >0.05).However, the occurrence of congenital malformation is positively related with maternal age, the rates were 0.84% (41/4884) in mother's age less than 30 years and 1.77% (16/902) in mother' age more than 35 years, which reached statistical difference (P < 0.05). It also showed remarkable different incidence among 0.53% (25/4679) in singletons, 1.59% (57/3576) in twins and 3.97% (10/252) in triplets (P< 0.05). No remarkable difference of malformation rate among sperm sources used in fertilization were observed, including 1.09% (81/7419)in ejaculated sperm, 1.21% (7/579)in percutaneous epididymal aspiration (PESA) and 0. 79% (4/509) in donor sperm (P>0.05). Conclusions The overall incidence of birth defect in neonates from ART is similar to those conceived naturally and is not associated with different types of IVF-ET, embryo cryopreservation, sperm sources. However, maternal age and multiple pregnancies coder the higher possibility of birth defect.

Objective: To find a viable alternative to reduce the number of doses required for the patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to improve efficacy and patient compliance. Methods: In this study, we used ginger oil, a phytochemical with potential therapeutic properties, to prepare ginger oil patches. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the main active component of ginger oil, 6-gingerol. Transdermal absorption experiments were conducted to optimize the various pressure-sensitive adhesives and permeation enhancers, including their type and concentration. Subsequently, the ginger oil patches were optimized and subjected to content determination and property evaluations. A PTSD mouse model was established using the foot-shock method. The therapeutic effect of ginger oil patches on PTSD was assessed through pathological sections, behavioral tests, and the evaluation of biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and melatonin (MT). Results: The results demonstrated that ginger oil patches exerted therapeutic effects against PTSD by inhibiting inflammatory responses and modulating MT and BDNF levels. Pharmacokinetic experiments revealed that ginger oil patches maintained a stable blood drug concentration for at least one day, addressing the rapid metabolism drawback of 6-gingerol and enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. Conclusions Ginger oil can be prepared as a transdermal drug patch that meets these requirements, and the bioavailability of the prepared patch is better than that of oral administration. It can improve PTSD with good patient compliance and ease of administration. Therefore, it is a promising therapeutic formulation for the treatment of PTSD.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate gene diagnosis of micrometastasis in lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the feasibility of mucin 1 (MUC1) mRNA and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA as molecular marker to detect micrometastasis of lung cancer.

METHODSExpression of MUC1 mRNA and CK19 mRNA was detected in 119 lymph nodes taken from 31 patients with NSCLC, 35 lymph nodes from 10 patients with pulmonary benign diseases as controls by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSIn the 119 lymph nodes from lung cancer patients, CK19 mRNA expression was detected in 66 lymph nodes (55.5%) and MUC1 mRNA expression was detected in 65 lymph nodes (54.5%) by RT-PCR. Neither CK19 mRNA nor MUC1 mRNA expression was observed in all the 35 lymph nodes in the benign pulmonary lesion group.

CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that the detection of both MUC1 and CK19 mRNA might be helpful to diagnose NSCLC micrometastasis in lymph nodes. The establishment of this method may lead to an earlier diagnosis of metastasis for lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic etiology for a fetus with congenital orofacial cleft. METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphism microarray (SNP array) was carried out on skin tissues sampled from the fetus following induced abortion for the detection of copy number variation (CNVs). Pathogenicity of the candidate gene was validated through experiment. RESULTS: SNP array revealed that the fetus has carried a hemizygous 9.23Mb deletion at Xq21.31-q22.1(91 063 807-100 293 555), which was inherited from its mother. The region contained 13 OMIM genes and 1 ncRNA coding gene(MIR548M). Inhibiting of the expression of the MIR548M gene in oral epithelial celllines has resulted in up-regulation of the expression of SUMO1 gene which was known to involve in the pathogenesis of orofacial cleft. CONCLUSION Dosage insufficiency of the MIR548M gene may underlie the etiology of orofacial cleft in this fetus.
Cleft Lip/genetics* ; Cleft Palate/genetics* ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics* ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pregnancy ; SUMO-1 Protein