Objective To observe the effects of substance P (SP), NK1 receptor antagonist and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) by immortalized human keratinocyte line HaCaT. Methods The NO level in supernatant of cultured HaCaT cells was measured by nitrate reductase assay after treatment with different concentrations (10-9 to 10-6 mol/L) of SP, or the combination of SP (10-8 mol/L) and spantide (3×10-7 mol/L), aminoguanidine (10-7 mol/L), 7-nitroindazole (10-6 mol/L) or L-NAME (10-5 mol/L) for various durations. Reverse transcription-PCR was performed to measure the expression of iNOS mRNA in HaCaT cells incubated with SP of 10-8 mol/L for 1, 24 and 48 hours. Results The SP of 10-9 to 10-6 mol/L significantly induced the production of NO by HaCaT cells, and the highest level of NO was observed in HaCaT cells treated with SP of 10-8 mol/L. The synthesis of NO by HaCaT cells induced by SP was inhibited by Spantide of 3 × 10~7 mol/L at all time points (30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours, all P< 0.01), by L-NAME of 10-5 mol/L at 3 time points (30 minutes, 1, 24 hours) and by 7-nitroin-dazole of 10-6 mol/L at 2 time points (30 minutes, 1 hour, both P< 0.05), but not by aminoguanidine of 10-7 mol/L at any time point (all P > 0.05). After treatment with SP of 10-8 mol/L, the relative mRNA expression of iNOS was 0.199 ± 0.018 and 0.516 ± 0.030 at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, and there was a statistical difference between the two time points (P < 0.01). Conclusions SP can reinforce the secretion of NO by HaCaT cells via NK1 receptor activation, but iNOS is unlikely to be the primary origin of NO secreted by HaCaT cells induced by SP.

Objective To study the relationship between serum MMP-9,Gal-3,TGF-β1 and lung function in children with bronchial asthma.Methods The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),serum galectin-3 (MMP-9),serum metalloproteinase-3 (MMP 9) and serum albumin were measured in 218 pediatric children between March 1,2012 and August 31,2016 in Shenzhen Longhua New District People's Hospital pediatric outpatient clinic.FEV1％,FEV1/FVC and FEF50 were measured and compared respectively with the index data of the control group.The lung function of the children was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Mild group and severe group children above.Results Serum levels measured in 218 children (F=35.34,46.51,56.73,all P＜0.05).The data of any two groups also showed statistical difference after q test,and the difference was statistically significant (FEV1 ％),1-second forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity percentage (FEV1/FVC),forced expiratory 50％ (FEF50) of the first-second forced expiratory volume/forced expiratory volume of 1 second (F=78.13,52.69,26.24,all P＜0.05).After the q test,the data of any two groups were analyzed by ANOVA.Between the data were also statistically significant differences.Conclusion MM-9,Gal-3 and TGFβ1 in bronchoalveolar lavage and the degree of pulmonary function decline have close ties.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of Huangzi Zhike granule for acute bronchitis with the syndrome of wind-cold attacking the lung.Methods A multi-center,randomized,double-blinded,double-simulation and positive drug parallel controlled trial was adopted.Three hundred and nine cases in the treatment group were treated with Huangzi Zhike granule,and 103 cases in the control group were treated with Tongxuan Lifei oral liquid.Results Huangzi Zhike granule had a total effective rate of 95.15 %and significantly relieved the symptoms of cough,spitting thin clear white sputum and throat itching.Compared with Tongxuan Lifei liquid,Huangzi Zhike granule showed a better clinical effect(P

Objective To explore the surface electromyography(EMG)characteristics of biceps brachii during isometric contraction in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.Methods The surface electromyograms signals of biceps brachii of 10 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy during passive isometric contraction were recorded.Results The intact side registered a stronger EMG than that of the affected side,the integrated electromyography(iEMG)and root mean square(RMS)levels from the intact side were higher than those of affected side significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion The results of electromyographic analysis are consistent with Modified Ashworth Scale.Electromyographic analysis can provide a satisfactory evaluation of the muscle tone in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Objective To analysis the levels of serum homocysteine (Hcy)and erythropoietin (EPO)levels in patients with ischemic stroke and their relationship with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods The patients with ischemic stroke admitted be-tween January 1,2013 and July 31,2016 were selected as the subjects.Sera test of Hcy,EPO level,and then through the Doppler probe carotid artery method to check the degree of carotid atherosclerosis in all patients,and the use of quantitative records,according to set diagnostic criteria for classification,the use of grading results with the same type of Hcy,EPO lev-els of data analysis to determine the relationship between the two.Results Doppler exploration in 142 patients showed nor-mal carotid intima-media thickness in 34 patients,carotid intima-media thickening in 56 patients,and carotid plaques in 52 pa-tients.After analysis of variance (F=59.64,78.29,P<0.05),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant.The data between any two groups were also statistically significant differences.108 patients with different levels of carotid atherosclerosis were graded into 47 of grade 1,34 of grade 2,and 27 of grade 3,with the same type in the plasma of different grades (F=78.39,48.61, P<0.05).After the qtest,there were no significant differences in the levels of Hcy and EPO.Data were also statistically dif-ferent between groups.Conclusion Serum homocysteine (Hcy)and erythropoietin (EPO)were associated with ischemic stroke and were associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective To explore the surface electromyography (sEMG) assist for the rehabilitation training for children with cerebral palsy. Methods 60 children with spastic diplegia were divided into treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). All the children received comprehensive rehabilitation, while the rehabilitation program were designed with the assist of sEMG in the treatment group. They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) before and 3 months after rehabilitation. Results There was no statistically improvement in dimension A, B, and C of GMFM (P>0.05), but was in the total score and the dimension D and E (P<0.0001). There was no statistical difference in dimension A, B, and C between 2 groups (P>0.05), but was in the total score and the dimension D and E (P<0.01) after rehabilitation. Conclusion The sEMG might be helpful for the rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy.

Objective To observe the effect of static balance test and training equipment on the equilibrium function in children with spastic diplegia.Methods 24 children with spastic diplegia were treated with visual feedback balance training besides routine rehabilitation training.All cases were assessed with Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and the static balance test and training equipment when eyes opened and closed,before and after the 8-week training.Results After the 8 week-training,the BBS scores of all children were higher than that before training(P<0.05).In the segment of the static balance test,fall index,weight distribution index and stability index decreased significantly(P<0.05～0.01).Conclusion The equilibrium function of the children with cerebral palsy can be assessed and pertinent training can be performed with balance equipment.

Objective To summarize the therapeutic experience of 23 patients of traumatic head injuries with a score of 3 on GCS,Methods 23 most severe head injuried patients with a score of 3 on GCS who admitted were analyzed retrospectively.Results 8 cases(34%)survived in which 5 cases(21%)had a good recovery or moderate disability,and other 3 cases(13%)with severe deficits.The other 15 cases(66%)dead after therapy.Conclusion The prognosis of most severe head injured patients with a score of 3 on GCS could be improved by early evacuation of intracranial hematoma with large decompressive cranietomies,early moderate hypothermia therapy,early assistant ventilation and effective prevention and treatment of complications.

Objective To evaluate the value of evoked potentials (EP) in diagnoses of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) for liver cirrhotic patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). Methods A blind and self control study was conducted in 114 liver cirrhotic patients without OHE. All patients were tested for MHE by the number connection test-A(NCT-A), digit symbol test (DST), visual evoked potentials (VEP), brain-stem auditoru evoked potentials (BAEP), short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), P300 auditory event-related potentials (P300ERP). MHE was identified when the NCT-A or/and DST was abnormal. The positive rate was compared among VEP, BAEP, SSEP and P300ERP for their reliability and validity in diagnosis of MHE. Results Of 114 patients, 60 patients were found with MHE (52. 6%), which was positively correlated with Child-Pugh classifications (r=0. 278, P = 0. 003). The positive rate was found 17.5% in VEP, 29.8% in BAEP, 38. 6% in SSEP and 57. 0% in P300ERP. There was no significant difference in diagnosis of MHE between P300ERP and NCT-A+DST (X2 =0. 432,P = 0. 511). The sensitivity of VEP, BAEP, SSEP or P300ERP for diagnosis of MHE was 13. 3%, 41. 7%, 46. 7% or 73. 3%, respectively, whereas the specificity was 77. 8%, 83. 3%, 70. 4% or 61. 1 %, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the best sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of MHE was P300EERP (area under the curve was 0. 672, 95%CI 0. 572 * 0. 773). The agreement of NCT-A+DST with VEP, BAEP, SSEP or P300ERP was 43. 9%, 61. 4%, 57. 9% or 67. 5%. Conclusions P300ERP is a sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of MHE. which can serve as a supplement but not instead of NCT-A+DST.