Objective To explore the effect of yam polysaccharide for the diabetic mice. Methods Ninty mice were randomly divided into three groups ,yam polysaccharide group(n = 30), glibenclamide group (n = 30) and control group(n = 30). Mice were Intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (200mg/kg) to establish diabetic model. Yam polysaccharide group was administered yam polysaccharide for 12d. Results Yam polysaccharide significantly decreased the blood sugar of the diabetic mice. There were not significantly different in two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Yam polysaccharide had obvious role in decreasing blood glucose.

In order to explore the value of p63, smoothmuscle actin (alpha-SMA) and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) in the differential diagnosis of ductal lesions of breast, 88 tissue specimens of ductal lesions of breast were collected and examined histologically by HE staining. By using immunohistochemistry, the expression of p63, alpha-SMA and CK5/6 was detected. The results showed that in 38 cases of benign breast lesions, the proliferating cells were all positive for p63 and alpha-SMA. In 19 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 7 cases of intraductal papillary carcinoma, alpha-SMA positive cells formed a layer of continuous embroider-shaped structure and the p63 positive cells formed a layer of evenly separated embroider-shaped structure around the ducts. There was no cross-reaction between p63 and interstitial myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. In 38 cases of benign breast lesions, the positive rate of CK5/6 expression was 100%. In 5 cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia, there were few positive cells in the ducts. In 19 cases of CDIS, no tumor cells expressed CK5/6. In 19 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, almost no CK5/6 was detectable. It was suggested that p63 could serve as a novel specific marker for the identification of breast myoepithelial cells. CK5/6 is of value in differentiating ductal proliferation of varying degrees, especially in the differentiation between cancerous and non-cancerous changes. Simultaneous detection of p63, CK5/6 and alpha-SMA can help increase the diagnostic accuracy of breast diseases.

Objective To evaluate content validity and construct validity of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)Core Set for patients with organ transplantation.Methods Patients with kidney,liver,heart,or lung transplantation were assessed with ICF Core Set questionnaire,Functional Independence Measure(FIM)and Barthel Index(BI).Content validity was evaluated with frequency and percentage of patients with a problem for each ICF category,while construct validity was evaluated with Spearman correlation between ICF categories with FIM and BI.Results A consecutive sample of 102 patients completed this study.In body functions,10 categories were reported as a problem by more than 30% of the patients,of which 22 categories correlated significantly with FIM or BI.In body structures,structure areas of skin(s810)were reported as a problem by 30% of the patients,of which 3 categories correlated significantly with FIM or BI.In activities and participation,3 categories were reported as a problem by 30% of the patients,of which 15 categories correlated significantly with FIM and BI.In environmental factors,8 categories were reported as a facilitator by 30% of the patients,of which 8 categories correlated significantly with FIM or BI.Conclusion The content validity and construct validity of ICF Core Set for patients early after organ transplantation were good.

Objective To observe the baseline characteristics and visual outcomes after two years follow-up of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients treated with ranibizumb. Methods Forty-four eyes of 44 patients with exudative AMD were enrolled into this retrospective study, 19 were men and 25 were women. The mean age was 78 years (range 64–92 years). All patients were underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study), fundus color photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The mean BCVA was (50.36±14.43) letters, the mean central foveal thickness (CFT) was (291.95± 82.19)μm, and the fluorescence leakage area of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was (7.61±5.84) mm2. All patients received three initial intravitreous injection of ranibizumb (IVR) and were retreated with monthly IVR when needed. The mean follow up time was 25.6 months (range 24–29 months). On 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, BCVA and OCT were repeated. On 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, FFA and ICGA were repeated. The change of BCVA, CFT and fluorescence leakage area of CNV were observed. The association of baseline characteristics and two year visual outcomes were analyzed. Results On 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, the BCVA were improved significantly (t=?1.89,?3.51,?4.61,?4.04,?5.77,?4.69;P<0.05), the CFT were decreased significantly (t=1.51, 2.30, 3.40, 3.28, 3.54, 3.88, 3.73;P<0.05). On 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after treatment, the fluorescence leakage area of CNV were reduced significantly (t=2.12, 2.90, 3.51, 4.12, 4.06;P<0.05). The lower baseline BCVA, the more improved after treatment. The BCVA improvement degree has a negative relationship with baseline BCVA and fluorescence leakage area of CNV (r=0.505,?0.550;P<0.05), but no correlation with baseline CFT (r=0.210, P>0.05). Conclusion Two year visual outcomes of exudative AMD patients treated with ranibizumb is negative correlated with baseline BCVA and fluorescence leakage area of CNV, but not correlated with baseline CFT.

This paper presents the first description of the morphology of Demodex brevis examined by scanning electron microscopy.The authors found that D.brevis can be distinguished from D.folliculorum by the characteristic features of the following structures: the flat gnatho-soma,the humplike podosoma and the absence of transverse striation on its anterior dorsal Surface,the suprecoxal spines,the hypostome,the oral opening,the pedipalpal claws and the claws on legs,and the ennuli of the terminal part of the opisthosoma.The morphology of the above structures observed are briefly compared with those of D.folliculorum.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal injections of conbercept in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to pathologic myopia (PM).Methods A retrospective case series of 37 eyes of 37 patients affected with CNV secondary to PM treated by intravitreal injections of Conbercept.All the patients were examined with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart,central macular thickness (CMT) of optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline.The initial average letters of ETDRS BCVA was 49.86±8.87,CMT was (306.38±31.01) μm.All eyes were treated with intravitreal Conbercept 0.05 ml (10 mg/ml).Follow up visits were performed monthly after injection.The mean follow-up time was 16.8 months.Injections were repeated according to the situation of BCVA,CMT,subretinal fluid and CNV leakage in follow-up.All eyes received an average of 4.8 injections.BCVA,CMT and ophthalmoscope examination were assessed monthly.The relationship of BCVA improvement and CMT reduction with the data at baseline and number of treatments were analyzed by Spearman Rho correlation respectively.Results During the 1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,the mean BCVA were all improved with statistically significant difference (t=17.629,P＜0.01).At 12 months,15 eyes (45.9％) had improvement of 15 letters or more,32 eyes (86.5％) had improvement of 5 letters or more,and 1 eye (2.7％) had decreased more than 5 letters.During the 1,3,6 and 12 months after treatment,the mean CMT were all decreased with statistically significant difference (F=43.726,P＜0.01).At 12 months,the retinal fluid of 34 eyes (91.9％) were absorbed completely;33 eyes (89.2％) had angiographic closure at that time.There was no significant relevance between BCVA improvement and sex,age and course of the disease (P＞0.05),but a significant negative correlation was found between the BCVA improvement and BCVA at baseline,injection times (P＜0.05).There was no significant relevance between CMT reduction and sex,age,course of the disease and injection times (P＞0.05),but a significant positive correlation was found between CMT reduction and CMT at baseline (P＜0.05).There were no systemic or ocular serious side effects during the follow up.Conclusions Intravitreal injections of Conbercept showed BCVA improvement and CMT reduction.It appeared to be effective and safe for choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia.Intravitreal Conbercept for CNV secondary to PM showed BCVA improvement,CMT reduction and safety.

To explore the correlation between the C807T polymorphism of platelet membrane glycoprotein I a (GP I a) gene and aspirin resistance in Chinese people, 200 patients with high-risk of atherosclerosis took aspirin (100 mg/d) for 7 days. Platelet aggregation function was detected using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA) before and after the administration of aspirin. Then the subjects were divided into three groups according to the results of platelet aggregation function: an aspirin resistant (AR) group, an aspirin semi-responder (ASR) group and an aspirin-sensitive (AS) group. Platelet GP I a gene 807CT polymorphism was examined by means of polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). The results showed that T allelic frequency in AR group and ASR group were higher that of AS group (P<0.005), and the prevalence of genotypes (TT+TC) of these two groups was significantly higher than that in AS group (P<0.05). Platelet GP I a T allele was significantly associated with aspirin resistance as revealed by multiple logistic regression (OR=3.76, 95% CI: 2.87-9.58). The results suggest that inherited platelet GP I a variations may have an important impact on aspirin resistance and the presence of GP I a T allele may be a marker of genetic susceptibility to aspirin resistance.
Aspirin/*administration & dosage ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Atherosclerosis/genetics ; Drug Resistance/*genetics ; Integrin alpha2/*genetics ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics

Objective: To observe the effect of the acupuncture plus medication on the expression of silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1) and transcription factor forkhead box protein O3a (FOXO3a) in the hippocampus, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of rats with Alzheimer disease (AD), and to explore the possible mechanism of combining acupuncture and medication in improving AD-related neurological symptoms. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group, a drug group, and an acupuncture-medication combined group by the random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The model was established by micro-injection of streptozotocin into the bilateral lateral ventricles. After successful modeling, rats in the EA group received EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Dazhui (GV14), those in the drug group received intragastric administration of resveratrol at a dose of 44 mg/(kg·bw), and those in the acupuncture- medication combined group received the combined intervention of EA and resveratrol. Rats in each group received intervention once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. Morris water maze was used to detect the rat behavioral changes. Nissl staining method was used to observe the cell morphology and changes in the number of rat hippocampal neurons. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining methods were used to observe the expression changes of SIRT1 and FOXO3a. The thiobarbituric acid method was used to detect the MDA content. SOD activity was determined by the hydroxylamine method. Results: Compared with the normal group, the escape latency was significantly prolonged (P<0.05); the percentage of stay in the target quadrant was reduced (P<0.05), the hippocampal neuronal cells were shrunken, nucleoli were unclear, and cell number was reduced (P<0.05); the SIRT1 expression and SIRT1 positive cell number were decreased, while the FOXO3a expression and FOXO3a positive cell number were increased significantly (P<0.05); the MDA content was increased significantly, and the SOD activity was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the escape latency was shortened (P<0.05); the percentage of stay in the target quadrant was increased (P<0.05); the shape and number of hippocampal neurons tended to be normal (P<0.05); the SIRT1 protein expression and the SIRT1 positive cell numbers were increased, the FOXO3a protein expression and the FOXO3a positive cell number were decreased (P<0.05); the MDA content was significantly decreased, and the SOD activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) in the EA group, the drug group, and the acupuncture-medication combined group. The changes in the acupuncture-medication combined group were more obvious (P<0.05). Conclusion: Both EA and resveratrol improve the learning and memory ability of AD rats by regulating the expression of SIRT1 and FOXO3a and improving the levels of MDA and SOD in the hippocampus and protect the hippocampal neurons, while the combined use of EA and medication is more effective than EA or resveratrol alone, suggesting that this combined treatment is more effective in AD treatment.

BACKGROUND:The aquaporin (AQP), mainly AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9, are expressed in mammalian brain, while the others are sporadical y expressed. There is no evidence concerning the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in the brain.
OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the research progress of the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in maintaining normal physiological function of the brain.
METHODS:An online retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1980 and July 2013 was performed for articles on the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP, with the key words of“AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism”in English and Chinese. A total of 163 papers were screened out and 85 of them met the inclusive criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The existing studies about the expression, function and regulating mechanism of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 in the brain can be summarized as the fol owing three aspects: (1) AQP1 is expressed in the choroid plexus and participates in forming cerebrospinal fluid;in other types of cells, gas micromolecules CO 2 , NO, NH 3 and O 2 also cross through AQP1. (2) AQP4 is mainly expressed in the astrocytes, ependymal foot process and gelatin membranes, which can help the water in and out of the brain tissue, accelerate glial cellmigration and change neural activity. (3) AQP9 is mainly distributed in astrocytes and catecholamine neurons, the main function is involved in energy metabolism in the brain. Therefore, AQP is the key for water transport in the brain. Understanding the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP wil play an important role in the treatment of brain diseases. The regulatory mechanism on the expression of AQPs in normal pathology and related disease remains unclear and related molecular signal pathway needs further exploration.

Objective To compare the functional profiles of organ transplant patients using the International Classification of Functioning,Disability,and Health (ICF) core set.Methods The patients were enrolled 5 to 10 days after discharge following an organ transplant.The Functional Independence Measure (FIM),Barthel Index (BI) and the ICF core set were used to assess them.Analysis was conducted by grouping the kidney transplant patients (group A) separately from the heart,lung and liver transplant patients (group B).The prevalence of sevcre impairment in each group was calculated and compared.Results Average FIM and BI secores were both significantly higher in group A than in group B.No severe or total impairment was observed in group A,but in group B,the prevalence of 5 categories (ie.b455,b730,s430,d415 and d450) was significantly greater than in group A.The most prevalent were poor exercise tolerance (b455,56.8％),low muscle power (b730,54.5％),difficulty in maintaining a body position (d415,54.5％),and impaired walking (d450,45％) With regard to the environment factors,the prevalence of e110 (products or substances for personal consumption) and e120 (products and technology for personal use in daily living) were both significantly different in the two groups.Conclusion Heart,lung and liver transplant patients transplant demonstrated more impairments than the kidney transplant patients.All the organ transplant patients deserve early evaluation for detecting any possible impairment.