Objective To summarize surgery preparation and nursery care for free intemational cataract surgery in the Islamic Republic of Mauritania and provide reference for eye care in future international cataract program.Method Prepare staff and sufficient material before surgery appropriately,pay sufficient attention to infection prevention during surgery,disseminate antibiotic eye-drop to the patient and arrange for regular follow-up after operation.Result Toally 200 cataracted surgeries were performed without severe eye and systemic complications,vision improved for all the patients.Conclusion It is critical to make sufficient staff planning and materials preparation for international cataract surgery program,meanwhile,careful nurse eye care is indispensable for the success of surgeries.

Objective To explore a simple, effective and rapid method for indoor air disinfection. Methods Three kinds of disinfection methods were carried out (method A: wiping surfaces of floor and walls of room with water and ultraviolet irradiation, method B: wiping surfaces of floor and walls with chloro-disinfectant and ultraviolet irradiation, method C: wiping surfaces with chloro-disinfectant and spraying chloro disinfectant containing chlorine) and the effectiveness of different disinfection methods was compared. Results The result showed that all of the three methods could decrease natural fallen bacteria count in isolated room air to up to the standard, and the disinfection effectiveness of method C was better than the method A and method B. Conclusion The result indicated that method C was an effective and simple method for indoor air disinfection.

Actovegin is a drug,which can improve cellular energy metabolism,especially glycometabolism.It has an insulin-like effect,such as increasing the uptake of glucose and activating glucose metabolic enzyme.In addition,it can inhibit the production of lactic acid.Actovegin was mainly applied to the treatment of Alzheimer disease initially,but now it is indicated more and more.

Objective To investigate the effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia and analgesia on cellular immune function and erythrocytes glycometabolism in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.Methods Forty esophageal carcinoma patients,classified as ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective thoracic surgery were randomly divided into two groups with 20 cases each：group A underwent general anesthesia plus thoracic epidural anesthesia （TEA） during thoracic surgery and received patient-controlled epidural analgesia （PCEA） with fentanyl and ropivacaine postoperatively;group B received general anesthesia during thoracic surgery and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia （PCIA） postoperatively. Venous blood samples were collected for the measurement of Th1,Th2 and the activities of PFK,G-6PD and AR before the induction（T0）,2 h after the initiation of the incision（T1）,and 4 h（T2）,24 h（T3）and 48 h（T4）after surgery. Results The Th1/Th2 ratio in both groups were decreased significantly after completion of surgery compared with baseline levels （P0.05）. At T2,T3 and T4 the Th1/Th2 ratio in group A were higher than group B. Compared with these before operation,the activity of PFK was decreased significantly and the activities of G-6PD and AR in erythrocytes were increased markedly at T3 in group B（P0.05）.But erythrocytes PFK,G-6PD and AR activity slightly changed in group A.Conclusion These findings show that thoracic epidural anesthesia and PCEA may inhibit Th0 cells to differentiate into Th2 cells,protect cellular immune function and moderate erythrocyte glucose metabolism changes.

Objective To assess the quality of randomized controlled trials(RCT)abstracts published in Journal of Clinical Anesthesiology by CONSORT for Abstracts.Methods Articles invol-ving human RCTs published from 2012 to 2013 were reviewed and searched through WanFang Med Online.Trials involving animal experiments,in vitro,RCTs without abstract,and meta-analyses were excluded.According to the CONSORT checklists for abstracts,the quality of abstracts for RCT were assessed.Results In total,392 RCT abstracts were analysed.The median word counts of ab-stracts was 364 (IQR 306-444),sample size was 60 (IQR 40-80).Almost all abstracts provided an appropriate description of conclusions (100%), numbers randomized (99.0%) and objective (99.0%).The majority of abstracts described interventions (94.6%)and participants (82.4%).Re-quirements present in less than 50% of the abstracts were details regarding trial design (46.2%)and harms (48.7%).The descriptions of randomization (13.3%),blinding (1.8%),methods-outcome (3.6%)and results-outcome (9.7%)were very low.Moreover,title,recruitment and numbers ana-lysed were not reported.Conclusion The quality of RCT abstracts and adherence to the CONSORT checklist for abstracts remains poor,and the CONSORT for Abstracts should be endorsed to improve the quality of RCT abstracts as early as possible.

Objective To investigate the effect of IL-1 7A on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and fear conditioning test.Methods Among 70 male SD rats aged 18 months, firstly,thirty rats were randomly divided into five groups:control group(group A),LPS 6 h group (group B),12 h group(group C),24 h group(group D),48 h group(group E).Group A were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline and groups B,C,D and E were injected with LPS 500 μg/kg.Ani-mals of groups A,B,C,D and E were killed respectively after LPS injection and their hippoeampus tis-sue was detected for the concentration of IL-1 7A.Secondly,forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group(group O),IL-1 7A antibody group(group P),LPS group (group Q),IL-1 7A antibody+LPS group(group R).Group P and group R were injected intracerebroventricularly with IL-1 7A antibodies 3 μl (200 μg/μl),groups O and Q were injected equal volume of normal saline.30 min later,groups Q and R were injected intraperitoneally with LPS 500 μg/kg,groups O and P were in-jected equal volume of normal saline.24 h later,contextual fear conditioning test was performed. Then,all animals were killed and their hippocampus tissue would be detected for the concentration of TNF-αand IL-6,as well as the expression of Iba1-positive cells.Results The concentration of IL-1 7A of groups B,C,D and E increased significantly compared with group A (P <0.01 ),there was no difference between groups E and A.The freezing time of groups Q and R was significantly shortened than that in group O(P <0.01 or P <0.05 ),the freezing time of group R was significantly longer than that in group Q(P <0.01).The concentration of TNF-αand IL-6 of groups Q and R was obvi-ously higher than group O(P <0.01 ),the concentration of TNF-α and IL-6 of group R lower than group Q(P <0.01).The expression of Iba1-positive cells in hippocampal area CA1 of groups Q and R was obviously increased compared with group O(P <0.01).Compared with group Q,the expression of Iba1-positive cells in hippocampal area CA1 of group R were obviously decreased (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion IL-1 7A is implicated in the early stage of LPS-induced neuroinflammation and the chan-ging of freezing time in contextual fear conditioning in aged rats.

Objective To investigate how vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) up-regulates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 via protein kinase C(PKC)/ nitric oxide(NO) pathway in the retina of diabetic rats.Methods All the rats were divided into 4 groups: normal,diabetes,diabetes+PKCI and control groups.Diabetes was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of STZ.PKC inhibitor GF109203X was injected intravitreally after 5 months of streptozotocin induced diabetes.NO was determined by nitrate reductase method.VEGF and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) were measured by Western blot.Results VEGF and NO expressions increased obviously in the retina of diabetic rats compared with those in the normal group(P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for promoting clinical rational application of Xueshuantong for injection(lyophi-lized). METHODS:By hospital centralized monitoring method,all medical records were retrieved from Hospital Information Sys-tem of our hospital,who received Xushuantong for injection(lyophilized)from Aug. 7 to Oct. 6 in 2015;general information of patients'drug information,drug utilization and the occurrence of ADR were traced and recorded by clinical pharmacists to evaluate the rationality of clinical utilization of Xushuantong for injection(lyophilized). RESULTS:Totally of 1014 medical records were included in the study. Xueshuantong for injection(lyophilized)was mainly used for fracture,cerebral infarction,coronary disease, cataract and other disease. 22 clinical departments as orthopedics department,neurology department,cardiology department and ophthalmology department were involved,accounting for 56.41% of total. For the patients receiving Xushuantong for injection(ly-ophilized),the average age was 63.12 years,the average course was 11 days and dose was 100-500 mg/time. They were given medicine intravenously once a day,and 0.9% Sodium chloride injection was used as solvent (93.29%). There were 10 kinds of drugs for drug combination averagely. The incidence of ADR was 5.92‰,and all ADR resulted from same batch of drugs (No. 15040211);ADR mainly manifested as erythra,erythema,pruritus,chills,etc. In terms of irrational drug use,the incidence of overlong treatment course was 17.85%;that of inadequate solvent dose was 13.71%;that of fast dripping rate was 7.59%;that of unsuitable solvent selection was 0.69%;that of drug use with no indication was 0.39%. CONCLUSIONS:Xueshuantong for injec-tion(lyophilized)is widely used in middle-aged and elderly in the clinic. There are many varieties and irrational drug use. The oc-currence of ADR is properly related to age,treatment course,solvent,dripping speed,product quality and other factors. Clinical pharmacists are required to monitor drug use,promote the rationality of drug use and reduce the occurrence of ADR.

AIM: To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of nifedipine sustained-release tablets after multiple doses administration in healthy volunteers. METHODS: Twenty two male healthy volunteers were enrolled in a randomized two-way crossover design with multiple doses (20 mg·d-1×7 d) study. Nitrendipine was used as the internal standard and the concentrations of nifedipine in plasma were determined by HPLC-APCI-MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and the bioequivalence were compared by DAS (ver 1.0) program. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference preparations were as follows: Cmax (52.5±27.4) and (54.0±31.2) ng·ml-1;Cmin (5.4±4.1) and (6.2±5.9) ng·ml-1;Cav (16.8±9.2) and (19.3±12.4) ng·ml-1;Tmax (3.7±0.9) and (4.1±1.1) h;t1/2 (8.9±4.9) and (8.5±3.1) h;AUC0-τ (403.4±221.0) and (461.9±296.6) μg·h·L-1, AUC0-36h (444.4±256.1) and (503.1±330.9) ng·h·ml-1;AUC0-∞ (482.1±268.9) and (542.3±348.4) ng·h·ml-1;DF (299.8±117.7)% and (279.2±97.5)%, respectively. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in Tmax, Cmax, Cmin, Cav, DF, AUC0-τ, AUC0-36h, AUC0-∞ and t1/2 between the two preparations. The relative bioavailability of test tablets was (100.6±38.6)%. CONCLUSION:The test and reference preparations were bioequivalence.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of naringenin on isoniazid and rifampicin induced hepatotoxicity and the role of CYP 3A4.Methods Isoniazid and rifampicin were added to culture media for QSG-7701 cells and cultured for 48 hours. Narringenin, 1,5 and 25 mg·L~(-1) in final concentration,was added concomitant with isoniazid and rifampicin. The culture media and cells were collected and the activities of lactate dehydrogenase were detected with chromatometry. The ratio of extra/intracellular lactate dehydrogenase was calculated as the release rate of lactate dehydrogenase. Cells were incubated with midazolam for 2 hours after treatment with durgs and the concentration of midazolam in the incubation media was determined with HPLC-MS.Results Compared with control group, isoniazid and rifampicin treatment increased lactate dehydrogenase release and CYP 3A4 activity significantly. Naringenin attenuated the effect of isoniazid and rifampicin on lactate dehydrogenase and CYP 3A4 activity.Conclusion Naringenin can attenuate the hepatotoxicity of isoniazid and rifampicin through inhibiting the activity of CYP 3A4 in cultured hepatocytes.