Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems identify brain signals through extracting features from them. In view of the limitations of the autoregressive model feature extraction method and the traditional principal component analysis to deal with the multichannel signals, this paper presents a multichannel feature extraction method that multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) model combined with the multiple-linear principal component analysis (MPCA), and used for magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals and electroencephalograph (EEG) signals recognition. Firstly, we calculated the MVAR model coefficient matrix of the MEG/EEG signals using this method, and then reduced the dimensions to a lower one, using MPCA. Finally, we recognized brain signals by Bayes Classifier. The key innovation we introduced in our investigation showed that we extended the traditional single-channel feature extraction method to the case of multi-channel one. We then carried out the experiments using the data groups of IV-III and IV - I. The experimental results proved that the method proposed in this paper was feasible.
Bayes Theorem ; Brain ; physiology ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Multivariate Analysis ; Principal Component Analysis

Objective To observe the effect of medicine-induced posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).Methods.PVR was induced in the left eyes of 24 pigmented rabbits by intravitreal injection with platelet rich plasma.The rabbits were randomly divided into two experimental groups (group A and B) and one control group with 8 eyes in each group.Three hours later,the eyes in group A and B and the control group underwent intravireal injection with 1 U plasmin 0.05 ml+ 20 U hyaluronidase 0.05 ml,plasmin 0.1 ml,and balance salt solution 0.1 ml,respectively.The grade of PVR was recorded 1,7,and 28 days after the intravitreal injection,and the eyes were examined by flash electroretinogram (FERG),B-scan,and retinal histopathological examination.Results The PVR models of rabbit eyes were induced successfully.On the 7th day after injection,complete and partial PVD was found in 5 and 3 eyes respectively in group A;partial PVD in 5 eyes and no complete PVD was observed in group B;there was no PVD in the other 3 eyes in group B and also in the eyes in the control group.On the 28th day after intravitreal injection,PVR grade of group A and B were both obviously lower than that of the control group(D= 75.6,98.9;P = 0.003,P = 0.011) ;On the 7th and 28th day after injection,the b-wave amplitude in group A and B was significantly higher than that in the control group;PVR grade of the PVD eyes was lower than that of non-PVD eyes;PVR grade of the complete PVD eyes was only 0 ～ 1.Conclusions Three hours after the PVR models of rabbit eyes were induced,complete PVD induced by intravitreal injection of plasmin combined with hyaluronidase could prevent the development of PVR of rabbit eyes in some degree;partial PVD induced by plasmin alone or combined with hyaluronidase could relieve the development of PVR.

Improving the innovation quality of medical students is the key for cultivating the medical staff with international competition. The most important point for improving the innovation quality is to establish an educational model in favor of cultivation of medical students.Adjusting curriculum system,conforming experimental content and enhancing extracurricular research activity can make for the improvement of medical stndents' innovation and cultivation of scientific research quality.

Objective To discuss the relationship between part of risk factors and the characters of coronary artery lesion of different gender patients with coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods Two hundred and eight patients who were diagnosed CHD by coronary angiography (CAG) were selected. All patients were divided into male group (122 cases) and female group (86 cases). The characters of CHD and part of clinical data in different gender CHD patients were compared and analyzed. The independent risk factors of different gender CHD patients were analyzed. Results The age of onset in female group was later than male group:(69.22±10.12) years vs.(62.80±11.34) years, P=0.000. The incidence rate of hypertension and diabetes in female group were significantly higher than those in male group: 83.7%(72/86) vs. 63.1%(77/122), 53.5%(46/86) vs. 32.8%(40/122);and the levels of total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in female group were significantly higher than those in male group:(5.16±1.26) mmol/L vs. (4.60±1.23) mmol/L,(1.16±0.27) mmol/L vs. (1.05±0.27) mmol/L, (3.17±1.16) mmol/L vs. (2.74±1.06) mmol/L;the level of uric acid (UA) in female group was significantly lower than that in male group: (319.83±90.05)μmol/L vs. (357.91±98.51)μmol/L, there were significantly differences(P<0.01). The level of trigalloyl glycerol (TG) in two groups had no significant difference: (1.91 ± 1.23) mmol/L vs. (1.75±0.97) mmol/L, P=0.298. Logistic regression analysis showed that age and diabetes were the risk factors of CHD in different gender (P<0.01 or <0.05). Conclusions There are different risk factors between different gender CHD patients, while the coronary artery lesion is similar. Diabetes is the most important independent risk factor of different gender CHD patients, which is more important for female patients with more risk factors.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common malignant solid tumor that occurs during childhood;it has a significant heterogene-ity in clinical symptoms and outcome. NB diagnosis is complicated, and various clinical techniques are often involved in examining im-agery, cellular morphology, immunohistochemical staining, gene and molecule biology, and operation excision scope. Diagnoses are graded based on danger extent, which is indicated by clinical stages and unfavorable prognosis factors. These characteristics are the ba-sis for formulating the corresponding synthetic treatment plan. Limited studies are available on treatment norms for adult cases of NB;such cases are currently diagnosed and treated in accordance with child NB diagnosis and treatment norms. An adult patient diagnosed with NB stage 4 is presented. This patient experienced obvious relief from the symptoms after whole body chemotherapy, with further surgery operation indications. This successful case of multi-disciplinary joint diagnosis and cooperative treatment may provide potential treatment techniques for similar patients.

AIM: To establish a HPLC method for determing naringin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,honokiol and magnolol in Da,Xiao-Chengqi Decoction bought from Taiwan. METHODS: The seperation was performed on Licrospher C_(18) column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with acetonitrile-0.5% HAc(gradient elution) as mobile phase and the detection wavelength was set at 270 nm. RESULTS: In the eight samples measured the content of naringin was from 0.54 to 44.20 mg/g;rhein from 0.51 and 2.10 mg/g;honokiol from 0.44 to 6.65 mg/g;emodin from 0.02 to 0.23 mg/g;magnolol from 1.09 to 2.29 mg/g,chrysophanol from 0.09 to 2.70 mg/g.However,honokiol and magnolol were not detected in some samples. CONCLUSION: This established method is fully validated with respect to linearity,precision,reproducibility and accuracy and successfully applied to quantifying the six constituents in eight commercial samples.The overall results demonstrate that this proposed method is simple,reliable,and suitable for the quality control of Da,Xiao-Chengqi Decoction.

This paper presented the practice of Zhejiang in introducing the drug zero-profit reform.A comparative analysis was made to the pilot county hospitals regarding their business performance,patients' burden,financial subsidy and medical insurance expenditure.The reform has scored a success as expected with the following outcomes:sharp rise in medical services volume,medical income and financial aid on one hand; drop of the proportion of drug income and changes in the medical income makeup; controlled increase of average cost of outpatient and inpatient care,and significant drop of pharmaceutical costs; increased expenditure yet stable operation of medical insurance funds;proportional increase of medical insurance compensation,with drops of the proportion of both out-ofpocket expenses and visits to doctors out of their county.This reform,however,has such shortcomings as follows:insufficient adjustment toward true costs of medical services,lack of a clear and sustainable financial compensation mechanism,and that of supporting measures.Based on these,the authors call for accelerated payment system reform,dynamic and scientific adjustment of medical service prices,exploration of clear financial compensation methods,optimization of internal management of hospitals,and acceleration of the formation of a medical staff income distribution mechanism.

Objective To evaluate PBL teaching results in medical virology experiment course. Methods Medical students of class 2011 were randomized assigned into PBL group (n=45, 20 five-academic-year students and 25 seven-academic year students) and control group (n=63, 38 five-academic-year students and 25 seven-academic year students). Teaching effectiveness was evaluated by scores of experiment, medical virology examination and final examination. PBL group was surveyed with questionnaire. SPSS statistical software was used and t test was employed to do analysis. Results Scores in medical virology examination were higher in seven-academic-year students in PBL group than in control group and there was no difference in other two examination scores between the two groups. Survey showed that interest motivation, case analysis, experiment design and knowledge grasp-ing in PBL group were highly satisfied. However, evidence-based and generalization ability among seven-academic-year students as well as autonomous learning ability and ability to deduce material among five-academic-year students were not completed satisfied. Conclusions PBL with public health events in medical virology experiment course can develop students' intrinsic motivation, knowledge grasping and public health awareness. However, PBL methods should be adjusted to suit different academic students.

Purpose:Exploring for sensitive tumor markers of cervical carcinoma to decide correct program of treatment, and to predict the prognosis. Methods:The sera from 37 patients with cervical carcinoma, 26 patients with leiomyoma were obtained from Jul. 1999 to Jan. 2001. A quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the concentrations of S VEGF and a micropartical enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) was performed to measure the concentrations of Scc Ag. The X 2 Test, the t Test, the analysis of variance and the multivariated analysis were used as statistical analysis. Results: The mean S VEGF level in patients with cervical carcinoma was significantly higher than in patients with leiomyoma ( P 0.05), the positive rate of its expression in cervical carcinoma was 67.56%. Conclusions:The S VEGF and Scc Ag can be used as prognosis indicators, and also as for post operative radiotherapy in cervical carcinoma.

Aim: To establish the HPLC and LC-MC methods for the quality analysis of the different species of Radix Paeoniae Alba cultivated in Bozhou. Methods: The LC-MS method was applied to analyze the chemical composition of the cultivated species, the HPLC method was applied to determine the contents of paeoniforin, ben-zoic acid and paeonivayin in crude drugs and processing products. Results: 10 characteristic peaks were identified by LC-MS with reference standards. The significant difference was observed in the chemical compositions of 3 cultivated species. The significant difference was observed in the chemical compositions of 3 cultivated species. The content of paeoniflorin was increased significantly after traditional processing. The results indicated the 4-year-old pubang and 5-year-old xiantiao are the best cultivated species. Conclusion: The methods are simple, rapid and precise to assess and control the quality of different species of Radix Paeoniae Alba cultivated in Bozhou.