Objective To explore the relationship between anomalous pancreaticobiliary ductal junction(APBDJ) and gallbladder carcinoma. Methods The current related literatures were reviewed.Results APBDJ was associated with gallbladder carcinoma development. A proposed mechanism was free reflux of pancreatic juice into the gallbladder and molecular alterations of gallbladder epithelial cells.Conclusion APBDJ is a high risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. Prophylactic cholecystectomy is recommended for patients with APBDJ.

Objective To review the recent studies regarding etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation. Methods The current related literatures about the etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation were reviewed. Results There were approximately 10.00% to 35.44% recipients developed diarrhea after liver transplantation. Other symptoms such as severe body fluid and electrolyte loss, discomfort, and increase blood level of immunosuppressive drug can be caused by diarrhea as well. Clostridium difficile, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus infection and immunosuppressant were main etiological factors. It is important to find out the inducement of diarrhea and work out the corresponding management and other supportive care on the basis of the etiology. Conclusion Diarrhea is a common complication of liver transplantation whose etiology is complex. Appropriate approaches may be helpful to decrease the risk of this complication.

Objective:To evaluate the expression of EGFR and gene nm23H1 and their relation to the tumor oncogenesis and progress of cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:SABC immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of EGFR and nm23H1 in cholangiocarcinoma and cholangitis tissue.Results:The positive rate of nm23H1 in cholangiocarcinoma was lower than cholangitis(P

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR) belongs to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptor.Three PPAR subtypes have been identified to date(PPAR?,PPAR? and PPAR?)and the relationship between PPAR? and tumor has drawn great attention.Current data showed that PPAR? agonists exert their antineoplastic effect through inhibiting cell growth and angiogenesis,inducing cell apoptosis and differentiation,and reducing tumor invasive ability.PPAR? agonists may be a promising tool for cancer chemotherapy.

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare and low-grade malignant tumor of vascular origin.Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings are unspecific.The definitive diagnosis can only be made by histopathalogi-cal investigation The primary treatments of choice are radical hepatic resection or liver transplantation. The role of differ-ent adjuvant therapies for patients with hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma remains to be determined.

Objective To investigate the protevtive effect and mechanism of early using selective digestive decontamination (SDD) on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) in rats.Methods Sixty rats were randomly assigned into SAP group and SAP+SDD group after SAP model was set up.Rats in the SAP+SDD group underwent SDD immediately after the model was established and last for 3 days. The peripheral and portal vein serum endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor -a (TNF-a) and interleukin -1 (IL-1) at 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours and the mortality, average living time and the degree of pancreatic necrosis were observed and compared in the 2 groups. Results The levels of peripheral and portal vein serum endotoxin, TNF-? , IL-1,and the mortalities in SAP+SDD group were significantly lower than those in SAP group(all P

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gastric carcinoma.Methods: S-P immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in 47 specimens of gastric carcinoma.Results: MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were expressed predominantaly in the peritumor stromal cells than tumor cells themselves.The expression level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 correlated with lymph node metastasis (P0 05).Conclusion: The results suggests that MMP-9 and TIMP-1 might be important biological makers for determining the malignant behave of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To investigate antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii)causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP),so as to guide rational use of antimicrobial agents and reduce antimicrobial re-sistant rate.Methods Clinical data of patients with A.baumannii HAP in a hospital between 2009 and 2012 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Antimicrobial resistance data were summarized and analyzed statistically ac-cording to uniformed methods.Results A total of 284 patients developed A.baumannii HAP,patients mainly distributed in intensive care unit(45.07%),department of respiratory diseases(19.01%),neurosurgery (9.15%),and neurology (5.99%).The incidences of A.baumannii HAP,multidrug-resistant A.baumannii (MDR-AB)HAP,and extensively drug-resistant A.baumannii (XDR-AB)HAP increased year by year.The total resistant rates of A.baumannii to cef-operazone/sulbactam (9.51%)and minocycline(9.86%)were low,to levofloxacin(43.66%)and ciprofloxacin(45.42%) were relatively higher;resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were 16.20%and 20.42% respectively.The resistant rates to meropenem,imipenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam,and ampicillin/sulbactam increased year by year (all P <0.05). Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance of A.baumannii is serious,it is essential to strengthen the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance of A.baumannii,and prevent the spread in hospital.

Objective To evaluate the expression of CyclinD1 in gallbladder carcinoma and its relationship with clinlicopathological parameters.Method SABC immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CyclinD1in 41carcinoma,15 chronic cholecystitis,10 normal tissue of gallbladder .Gallbladder carcinoma cell proliferation condition was detected by PCNA counting score .Results There were no positive signal of CyclinD1 deteted in chronic cholecystitis and in normal tissue,the positive rate of CyclinD1 in gallbladder carcinoma was 58.5%(24/41).The expression of CyclinD1 was related to tumor TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and cell differentiation (P

Objective To explore the clinical features of adrenocortical oncocytoma for better understanding. Methods A total of 586 patients with adrenal cortical adenoma were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from January 1993 to November 2009, in which 18 were diagnosed as adrenal cortical oncocytoma pathologically, with 7 male and 11 female, aged ( 45.5 ± 15.9 ) years, and the disease course of( 13.3 ± 13.1 )months. Results 6 patients suffered from Cushing's syndrome, 2 primary hyperaldosteronism, 1 had clinical features of both Cushing's syndrome and primary hyperaldosteronism, and 9 were nonfunctional. 4 cases were misdiagnosed as pheochromocytoma preoperatively. All 18 patients were diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound and operation ( 13 by laparoscopy, 5 by laparotomy). 11 tumors were located in the left adrenal while 7 in the right, with the average tumor size of 5.6 cm in diameter. Histopathologically, 1 was oncocytic adrenocortical carcinoma, while 17 were adrenocortical oncocytoma, in which 5 were potentially malignant and 12 were benign. 11 patients were followed up for 20.5±20.1 months. 2 patients were dead, and 9 were alive with tumor recurrence in 1 case.ConclusionsAdrenocortical oncocytoma is a pathological diagnosis and the clinical manifestations are various. The tumors are usually large in size, and can easily be found by ultrasound, but may be wrongly diagnosed as pheochromocytoma.Being different from previous reports, the majority of these patients present with endocrine dysfunction. Most of these cases are benign, but malignant potential is obvious. Therefore,follow-up is very important.