The authors first describe their preparation for and implementation of the assessment of candidates to be fostered as leaders in various fields of learning, viz. selecting assessment methods, identifying an assessment index system, and specifying the index weight and ways to keep the score and implement the assessment. Then they give an account of the assessment results. Finally they analyze the clinical abilities and research capacities examined in the assessment and sum up their practical experience as: ①emphasis by the leading group on the creation of the right environment and mechanism for the growth of leaders in various fields of learning; ②transformation of concepts regarding the use of personnel; ③specification of the function of the assessment; ④identification of strengthened assessment as the key to guaranteeing the quality in fostering leaders in various fields of learning.

Objective To elucidate the airway inflammation status in mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and whether the inflammation could be alleviated by small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting specific RSV gene. MethodsBALB/c mice were infected with RSV via intranasal instillation of RSV suspension, and were then treated with specific siRNA targeting RSV-M2 gene. ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 and Microscope was used to count white blood cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF). ResultsAfter RSV infection, a significant increase in leukocytes count was observed in BALF. Differential count showed a rise in the percentage of neutrophils, eosinophil, especially lymphocytes and a reduction of the percentage of monocytes and macrophages( P＜0.05 ).The levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 were also increased(P＜0.05). Furthermore, the leukocytes count,the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophil, and the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10in BALF were decreased accordingly while the mice were given higher concentrations of siRNA ( P＜0.05 ).Conclusion RSV caused airway inflammation in BALB/c mice, which may be alleviated by RNAi technology.

AIM To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS) method for the simultaneous content determination of four saikosaponins in Xiaozheng Pellets (Bupleuri Radix,Cyperi Rhi-zoma,Rhei Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The analysis of 5％ ammonia-methanol extract of this drug was performed on a Waters Xbridge C18column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 210 nm and 254 nm.With saikosaponin a as a internal standard,the relative correction factors of saikosaponins b1,b2 and c were calculated,followed by the determination of their contents.RESULTS Four saikosaponins showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ≥ 0.999 5),whose average recoveries were 98.08％-102.94％ with the RSDs of 0.85％-1.82％.The results obtained by QAMS approximated those obtained by external standard method.CONCLUSION This simple,precise and feasible method can be used for the quality control of Xiaozheng Pellets.

It's difficult to diagnose precancerous lesion and early cancer for a long time, because both of them haven't typical morphological characteristics. As a novel diagnostic modality, fluorescence endoscopy can accurately reflect minimal changes in human's tissue, thus making a meaningful progress for cancer diagnosing. 200 patients were examined by fluorescence endoscopy to evaluate the diagnostic value. The overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for detecting malignant gastrointestinal tumor was 94.0%, 94.6% and 93.5%, respectively. Thus, fluorescence endoscopy can be used to diagnose malignant gastrointestinal tumors with high validity and reliability, and is advantageous over conventional white light endoscopy especially in detecting the atypical and suspicious lesions. Furthermore, fluorescence endoscopy can also guide target biopsy, is significant to improve the early cancer detection rate, has a broad development prospect.
Endoscopy ; instrumentation ; Fluorescence ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To epidemiologically analyze the common clinical symptoms of sub-health in Beijing area.Methods By analysis of sub-health,epidemiologlcal data and the method of factors analysis, we studied the features and properties of various symptoms and their relationships that represent various kinds of sub-health.We used the structural equation modeling to validate the relationship between the symptom groups and between the symptom groups and their components.Results The amount of the factors whose weight Values were larger than 1.0 was 13,and the cumulative value of all the factors was 55.67%.With the domain knowledge,however,the total factors were merged into 10.We took fatigue as the main hidden variable to build a structural equation model.The function was x2/df=3.65,and GFI,AGFI,CFI,Tucher Lewis indexes were all above 0.9.The direct effects between the hidden variables showed that fatigue is closely related to fatigue of eyes,sleep,and pain with the weighted coefficient ranging from 0.7 to 1.0. Fatigue is somehow related to the symptoms of stool,pee,fauces,mouth,and sweat with the weighted coefficients about 0.5.The indirect effects between fatigue and hidden vailables showed that fatigue has an effect on moods indirectly with standardized indirect effects and standardized total effects was 0.702 and 0.112.respectively.Conclusions The symptoms of sub-health are complex with a dominating symptom and many other secondary symptoms.The common symptom groups are maladjustment of mood,fatigue, abnormity of sleep,maladjustment of stool and pee,double-minded,fatigue of eyes,and pain.The results of structural equation model shows that the causality between symptoms that are in a symptom group is different,so is the causality between the symptom groups,which shows that the symptoms of the sub-health are of diversity.

The mechanism and principles of autofluorescence imaging based on autofluorescence technique are reported. The threshold value of fluorescence spectrum ratio applied can be quantitative and objective and the reliable measurement method that may provide intuitive method of autofluorescence imaging in the gut mucosa. The suspected lesion may be found rapidly according to the imaging color difference, therefore the results of clinical study of the digestive tract cancer diagnosis indicated that the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were 94%, 95.5% and 94.8% respectively, and it has very high value in clinical application.
Digestive System Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; instrumentation ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Photofluorography ; Sensitivity and Specificity

The post-marketed reassessment is an important link to ensure the safety and effectiveness of traditional chinese medicine. It is also the expansion and stretch of new drug evaluation. Through the systematic, standard, rigorous post-marketed reassessment, the enterprise can full access to drugs after listing the efficacy and safety information, evaluate the interests and risk of the drug and provide the scientific basis for the drug use. It can also provide timely, scientific technology basis for government health decisions, the enterprise marketing decision and public health security. This paper mainly discussed the thought on clinical orientation of traditional chinese medicine in the post-marketed reassessment and how to reach the goal through systematic consideration and overall plan.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

In post-marketing study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pharmacoeconomic evaluation has an important applied significance. However, the economic literatures of TCM have been unable to fully and accurately reflect the unique overall outcomes of treatment with TCM. For the special nature of TCM itself, we recommend that Markov model could be introduced into post-marketing pharmacoeconomic evaluation of TCM, and also explore the feasibility of model application. Markov model can extrapolate the study time horizon, suit with effectiveness indicators of TCM, and provide measurable comprehensive outcome. In addition, Markov model can promote the development of TCM quality of life scale and the methodology of post-marketing pharmacoeconomic evaluation.
Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Markov Chains ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

The Prescription for Pharmacoeconomic Analysis (PFPA) of New Zealand was firstly published in 1999. The original version was reviewed in 2004 and version 2, approved and published in 2007, is the living document. The main purpose for this guideline is to provide an overview of the methods PHARMAC (Pharmaceutical Management of Agency) uses when conducting cost-utility analysis. Compared with version 1, version 2 involved and discussed the most frequently mentioned issues in pharmacoeconomic guidelines around the world. This paper describes the distinguishes between version 1 and 2, the advantages of version 2 as well as the amendments that will be made in PHARMAC's future work, in order to provide meaningful advice for standardizing and documenting methods in China
Costs and Cost Analysis ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; New Zealand

Objective: To investigate the association between gene polymorphism of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2(VMAT2) and schizophrenia in Han Chinese population. Methods: 430 patients with schizophrenia and 470 age-sex matched controls were recruited from four mental health centers. All patients were diagnosed by two psychiatrists based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID). The ligase detection reactions (LDR) method was used to assess the polymorphism of the two SNPs (rs363371 and rs363324) of VMAT2. Results: No associations of two SNPs with schizophrenia was found. When we stratified males and females for the analysis, we found that that in the recessive model of rs363371, there was an obvious significant association between rs363371 and schizophrenia in males (OR=0.564, 95% CI=0.357–0.892, p=0.014) but not females. For the association between rs363324 and schizophrenia, no association was found in either males or females. No association was found when stratifying early-onset schizophrenia and late-onset schizophrenia. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both rs363371 and rs363324 were not associated with schizophrenia, while it seemed that the AA genotype of rs363371 plays a protective effect in male Chinese in developing schizophrenia.