This paper describes the relationship between standards and intellectual property rights,describes the importance of putting the intellectual property protection into the International standards of Chinese medicine by the examples.According to the Chinese medicine's own characteristics and actual conditions in our country,the author points out some suggestions on how to put the intellectual property protection into the International standards of Chinese medicine.

In this paper,we analyze the current situation of the national standardization on acupuncture needles and related patents.Through analyzing the international research focus on the acupuncture needle patents,we give some strategic suggestions on the intellectual property protection of acupuncture needles and traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To evaluate the mechanical properties of Rene95 alloy component made by laser engineered net shaping (LENS). Methods: The component was fabricated from Rene95 alloy powder by LENS, then the mechanical properties of the component, Rene95 alloy casting and dental Ni-Cr alloy casting were studied. Results: The tensile strength(MPa), yield strength(MPa), elongations(%) and the microhardness(Hv) of Rene 95 alloy component made by LENS were 1 354.27?63.44, 1 175.29?34.32, 16.53?5.85, and 464.33?10.95, those of Rene95 alloy casting 1 430.28?55.73, 1 145.52?29.78, 10.31?4.25 and 457.56? 11.38, those of dental Ni-Cr alloy casting 612.05?18.46, 426.06?12.70, 6.21?1.21 and 260.14? 6.08, respectively.Conclusion: The mechanical properties of Rene95 alloy component made by LENS were same as those of Rene95 alloy casting, better than dental Ni-Cr alloy casting.

objective: To study the effects of laser engineered net shaping(LENS) in the manufacture of dental prosthesis. Methods: An experiment LENS system, including a 5 kW continuous wave CO 2 laser, a four-axes numerical control working table and powder feeding system, was built up, by which, a rectangular LENS component was made from Rene95 alloy powder. The microstructure of the component was observed with scanning electron microscope and ESA analysis. Results: The size of the component was 120 mm?15 mm?15 mm , and the wall of the component was perpendicular to the base. The microstructure of the component was made up of fine columnar dendrite with the length of 10～20 ?m, 10 times less than that of the cast made from the same material. The main elements of the powder distributed homogeneously,the negative effect of segregation could be limited and the properties of the component could be improved.Conclusion: The microstructure of components made by LENS is much better than that of those made by casting from the same material.

Objective To detect the change and clinical significance of homocysteine (Hcy),hypersensitivity C response protein (hs-CRP) and hypersensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods Ninety-six cases of AMI were selected as the research group and 60 cases of coronary heart disease without AMI were enrolled in the control group.Blood samples were collected to measure the contents of serum Hcy,hs-CRP and hs-TnI.ROC curve was drawn and Logistic regression model was established to analyze the role of each index alone and combined detection in the diagnosis of AMI.Results The levels of Hcy,hs-CRP and hs-TnI in the research group were significantly higher than those in the control group (Hcy: (29.29±7.65) mol/L vs.(17.23±4.68) mol/L;hs-CRP: (15.47±5.01) mg/L vs.(9.21±3.15) mg/L;hs-TnI: (40.88±9.18) ng/mL vs.(7.34±2.12) ng/mL,t=2.78,8.66,34.36,P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve of Hcy,hs-CRP,hs-TnI were 0.802 (95%CI(0.729~0.874)),0.71(95%CI(0.62~0.792)),0.929 (95%CI(0.891~0.967)),respectively.The area under the combine detection curve was 0.971 (95%CI,0.950~0.992).The sensitivity of Hcy,hs-CRP and hs-TnI in the diagnosis of AMI were 79%,57%,87%,respectively,the specificity of the three groups were 72%,70%,90%,the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection were 96% and 88%.Conclusion Combined detection of Hcy,hs-CRP and hs-TnI plays a better role in the diagnosis of AMI than that of Hcy,hs-CRP,hs-TnI alone and has a high specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of AMI.

Objective To compare and analyze the phylogenetic tree and sequence variant characteristics of Klebsiella species between 16S rDNA and rpoB. Methods Eighteen isolates identified as genus Klebsiella (with 15 of K. Pneumoniae and 3 of K. Oxytoca) by automated biochemical tests were selected. DNA were extracted, 16S rDNA and rpoB genes were amplified and sequenced with Klebsiella 16S rDNA and rpoB primers. Together with already published 8 species of Klebsiella and 9 species of Enterobacteriaceae 16S rDNA and rpoB sequences from GenBank, totally 35 sequences of 16S rDNA and rpoB respectively, phylogenetic trees were constructed with MEGA 4.0 to the analysis of groups. DNAStar/MegAlign was used for comparison of variable regions of 16S rDNA and rpoB, with analysis of degree of divergent at the same time. Results As for all 35 sequences, both 16S rDNA and rpoB phylogenetic trees divided Klebsiella species into three groups, 15 of K. Pneumoniae in this study and 6 of K. Pneumoniae from GenBank (except for K. Oxytoca and K. Mobilis) cluster to group Ⅰ, K. Oxytoca and K. Mobilis were cluster to group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. In rpoB phylogenetic tree, no matter group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, or subgroup within group Ⅰ, the bootstrap values in each node of rpoB phylogenetic tree is obviously higher than that of 16S rDNA. Moreover, as for cluster to K. Oxytoca, rpoB is better than 16S rDNA. Analysis nucleic acid sequences of Klebsiella species, with 41 variable regions and 4 most significant regions were found within the Klebsiella 16S rDNA, while rpoB with 63 variable regions, and 1 most significant region. The similarity of 16S rDNA and rpoB within Klebsiella were 95.9%-100% and 90.2%-100% respectively. Further analysis divergent degree of 16S rDNA and rpoB within Klebsiella, the divergent value of rpoB (0-10.6) is higher than that of the 16S rDNA(0-4.0). Conclusion As for molecular classification and identification within KlebsieUa species, rpoB has more advantages than 16S rDNA.

Aim To investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on gut injury following intestinal ischemia reperfusion in rats and the possible mechanism.Methods By using rat model of intestinal I/R injury, 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =10 in each group):sham-operation group, I/R group(control group)and ginsenoside Rg1 group(treatment group).The contents of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), malondialdehyde(MDA), the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in intestinal mucosa were measured respectively.Chiu's count was used to assess the changes in intestinal pathological morphology.Results TNF-α, IL-6, MDA contents and the intestinal injury score in control group were significantly increased compared to those in sham-operation group, while SOD contents in control group were significantly decreased compared to sham-operation group.Inversely, TNF-α, IL-6, MDA contents and the intestinal injury score in treatment group were significantly decreased compared to those in control group, while SOD contents in treatment group were significantly increased compared to control group.Conclusion Pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg1 has protective effect on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, which may be attributed to decreased contents of TNF-α, IL-6, MDA and increased levels of SOD.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to obtain the normal value of McNamura analysis for Chengdu adolescents with normal occlusion of early permanent dentition.

METHODSMcNamara analysis was conducted on the basis of the lateral cephalograms of 67 Chengdu adolescents with normal occlusions, and the obtained data was compared with that of Shanghai adolescents and McNamara.

RESULTSThere was no difference in the normal value of McNamara analysis between male and female Chengdu adolescents. The Comparative results between Chengdu and Shanghai adolescents indicated significantly larger values of Shanghai adolescents in effective middle facial lengths, mandibular lengths and lower anterior facial heights. The vertical distances from the upper incisor to point A and, from the lower incisor to A-Po line of Chengdu adolescents were larger than those of white adolescents.

CONCLUSIONThere is significantly difference in values of normal occlusions of McNamara analysis among different regions and different races.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cephalometry ; methods ; Child ; China ; Dental Occlusion ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Face ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Jaw Relation Record ; Male ; Maxillofacial Development ; Radiography ; Reference Values ; Skull ; diagnostic imaging

AIM:To explore the ability of different group B streptococci ( GBS) strains on inducing platelet activation.METHODS:Six strains of GBS, separated from the septic patients with thrombocytopenia, were used as the inducers.Light transmission aggregometry was used to measure platelet aggregation.Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) was performed to investigate the interaction of platelets with bacteria.The expression of platelet CD62P, Toll-like receptor 2 ( TLR2) and TLR4 was determined by flow cytometry and Western blotting.Furthermore, the activity of platelet TLR2 (or TLR4) was blocked by anti-TLR2 (or anti-TLR4) monoclonal antibody, and the platelet aggregation induced by GBS was detected.RESULTS:Only 3 of 6 GBS strains isolated from the septic patients induced platelet aggregation and up-regulated the expression of CD62P and TLR2 in the platelets (P<0.05), but not TLR4.Incubation with anti-TLR2 anti-body, but not anti-TLR4 antibody, significantly blocked platelet aggregation induced by GBS.CONCLUSION:Some GBS strains from the patients are able to trigger platelet activation in vitro, and platelet TLR2 may play an important role in the interaction between GBS and platelets.

Objective To provide guide for prevention and cure of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis(PD) by comparing the causative organisms and clinical outcome of PD related peritonitis in younger and elderly patients in our center.Methods All patients who developed PD related peritonitis between January 2006 and December 2013 in Wuhan NO.1 hospital were included.According to their age,episodes were divided into younger patients group (＜ 65 years) and elderly patients group (≥65 years).The microbiology and clinical outcome of PD related peritonitis were compared,and the related risk factors of the treatment failure were analyzed.Results Three hundred and sixty-six episodes of peritonitis occurred in 258 patients during the study period.The overall rate of peritonitis was 1 episode in 76.8 patient-months.Elderly patients had higher incidence of peritonitis (1 episode every 56.4 months vs 1 episode every 88.7 months,P=0.001),higher incidence of fungus infection (9.6％ vs 3.9％,P=0.026) and higher mortality (46.2％ vs 14.0％,P=0.001) than that in younger patients.Cox regression analysis showed that longer duration of PD treatment and fungal peritonitis were both risk factors of the treatment failure.Conclusion Elderly patients had higher incidence of peritonitis,higher incidence of fungus infection and higher PD-related mortality than younger patients.