Objective To analyze the causes of medical disputes and to find an effective way to reduce medical malpractice and medical dispute.Methods The complete identification files of 251 cases of medical malpractice obtained from corresponding Offices of Technical Identification of Medical Malpractice in three cities at prefecture level in Shandong province were analyzed to compare the cause of medical malpractice identified by patients with that identified by experts.Results The main causes that identified by patients included violation(36.41%),default(35.60%),illegality(13.05%),tort(11.89%),and absence of management(3.05%).Among the litigation claims,58.53%were identified as existed factors causing disputes.Among the identified factors,72.66%should have been prevented and controlled.Conclusion Medical malpractice and medical dispute can be effectively prevented and controlled by putting management site forward,ensuring the implemention of the policies,and strengthening the substantive responsibility of the leadership.

Based on link control concepts, the life cycle of science and technology projects was divided into five stages,, such as project application, selection, implementation, output and assessment.All the science misconducts that might occur among these five stages were listed.Finally, different precautions were made to prevent different misconducts during different stage..

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Kangfengshi Granules (KFSG) on expressions of the mRNAs of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in bone tissues of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. METHODS: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group, untreated group, cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated group and KFSG-treated group. Except the rats in the normal control group, all the other rats received subcutaneous injection of collagen II to establish collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. Then the rats in each group were fed normal saline or corresponding drugs for four weeks. Total RNA was extracted from carpal and digital bones. The expressions of OPG, RANKL and M-CSF mRNAs were examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The total incidence of arthritis induced by collagen II in the rats was approximately 90%. The expression levels of RANKL and M-CSF mRNAs and the RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio in the untreated group, KFSG-treated group and CsA-treated group were all significantly higher than those in the normal control group, while the expression levels of OPG mRNA in those three groups were significantly lower than that in the normal control group. The expression level of OPG mRNA in the KFSG-treated group was obviously higher while the expression level of M-CSF mRNA and the RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio in the same group were both lower as compared with those in the untreated group. CONCLUSION: The molecular mechanism of effects of KFSG on bone erosion and destruction induced by rheumatoid arthritis is closely correlated with up-regulating the expression of OPG mRNA, down-regulating the expression of M-CSF mRNA and RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA ratio.

The recent investigations have demonstrated that epigenetic such as DNA methylation and histone modification was closely associated with cell growth and malignant tumors, and epigenetic modification was responsible for an important cause of oncogenesis. However, for the recent years some observations have been also shown that the development of tumorigenesis was attributed to transformation expression in microRNA. The latest investigations have revealed that epigenetic was involved in modulation of microRNA expression, on the contrary some kinds of microRNAs could also control epigenetic, moreover, the reciprocal modulation between microRNA and epigenetic could regulate gene expression and induce tumorigenesis. At the same time the data likewise displayed that epigenetic adjusted microRNA expression principally in a way of DNA methylation or histone modification, nevertheless microRNA regulated epigenetic by way of methyltransferases expression, DNA methylation maintenance and histone modification. With regard to the reciprocal modulation between microRNA and epigenetic, a comprehensive and systemic review of reciprocal relationship in modulation of cell growth and oncogenesis was gived.

Objective To promote the idea and practice of truthful conduct of research among fellow researchers by creating a research integrity training mode for Chinese postgraduates.Methods Based on the RCR (Responsible Conduct of Research) training module,a common research education initiative adopted by many American research institutes,and through literature review and social science study,this paper explored the idea of develop a research integrity training mode for Chinese postgraduates.Results A thorough explanation and analysis was given to the five major aspect of research integrity training mode,including theoretical basis,training objectives,operational procedure,neces sary conditions for application and training evaluation.Conclusion Research integrity training is one of the most important contents of graduate education,and a well designed training mode is the first and foremost step of developing a responsible and credible environment in academia of China.

AIM: To study the quality control of Fuyankang Capsule(Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Radix Scutellariae,etc.) METHODS: The presence of Radix Paeoniae Rubra,Herba Taraxaci,Radix Scutellariae,Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati were identified by TLC.The content of hydroxybenzyl laxticacid,dansensu in the capsule was assayed by HPLC. RESULTS: Linearity of dansensu was found in the range from 0.04 ?g to 0.20 ?g.The average recovery was 98.8% and RSD was 1.5%. CONCLUSION: The method is highly sensitive,simple,precise and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of the capsule.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection on stroke associated pneu monia the changes of plasma C-reactive protein level .Methods 80 cases of post-stroke patients with pneumonia were randomly divided into Xuebijing injection treatment group 40 cases and control group of 40 cases, two groups were given conventional antibiotics and anti-inflammatory treatment ,treated with Xuebijing injection group was dealed with Xuebijing injection 50ml plus 0.9% sodium chloride solution 100ml intravenous drip on the basis of conventional therapy,2/d,for 7d,changes before and after treatment in the two groups were evaluated the body temperature ,periph-eral white blood cell count ,neutrophil percentage ,C-reactive protein index .Results The treatment group after treat-ment for 7d body temperature,blood routine,neutrophils and C-reactive protein were compared before treatment were significantly improved(t=9.99,24.09,12.44,43.98;all P<0.05),all of the indexes in the control group compared before treatment were significantly improved,the differences were significant(t=15.95,20.12,4.14,16.53;all P<0.05),after treatment the observation index except temperatrue decreased significantly ,with statistically significant differences compared with control group (t=4.83,6.15,7.93,all P<0.05).Conclusion Xuebijing injection syner-gistic effect of stroke-associated pneumonia antibiotic treatment significantly , more effective than antibiotic therapy alone,has the very good application and promotion of clinical value .

Depending on the performance,Type of management of medical scientific research managers is divided into four basic management types of positive push type,upload issued type,passive type,the individual barrier type.In addition,factors of management,management performance and the quality of recruits are resolved corresponding to the management type,and have proposed the corresponding practice and management recommendations from two angles of medical research managers and the upper decision makers.

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in invasive breast carcinomas of no special type.Methods we retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of all breast cancer patients at Shanghai Huangpu District Cental Hospital from Jan.2012 to Dec.2012.The optimal cutoff value was obtained by ROC.The difference among variables was calculated by chi-square test.DFS and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method.Cox analysis was performed to analyze clinical parameters for their prognostic relevance.Results A total of 493 were eligible.The optimal cutoff value of NLR was 2.057.The sensitivity was 0.767 and specifity was 0.327 at the optimal cutoff point.Univariate analysis showed that patients with NLR higher than 2.057 had significantly lower DFS (P=-0.001) than patients with NLR equal or lower than 2.057,while the overall survival rate was not statistically different (P=0.131).The Cox proportional multivariate hazard model revealed that higher NLR was independently related with poor DFS with hazard ratio 5.649(95％ confidence interval 3.128-10.201,P=0.002).Conclusions Preoperative NLR is an independent predictor of DFS in breast cancer patients.Further validation and a feasibility study are required before it can be considered for clinical use.

In recent years, the "Room Escape" industry in China is booming, and this real live game has become popular. However, health threatening events such as fire, trauma, coma, and lung infection in the game venues have been reported at home and abroad. If these venues are not supervised in time, there will be great potential public safety and health hazards. In this review, we summarized the hidden dangers of public safety and health in such venues, including fire and safety hazards, persistent stress state, indoor ventilation problems, risk of contagious infection, non-player characters’ health risk, special film effects of 4D cinemas, mosquito problems, light pollution and noise, and food safety. Meanwhile, health management recommendations for the game venues were proposed from the aspects of formulating health management standards, improving health security measures, and strengthening related health education to players, so as to improve the hygiene levels of such venues and protect players and staff from injuries or diseases.