Objective] To further investigate the academic thoughts and the aspects of clinical treatments of Lu Yuanlei focused on hemorrhage syndrome. [Methods]According to study straightly the compilation of medical records of Lu Yuanlei and his academic works, the scientific explanation toward the therapeutic methods for hemorrhage syndrome and especially both the theoretical thoughts and the clinical experience of hemoptysis and hematochezia are discussed and concluded. [Results] Lu Yuanlei concluded the three major principles of healing hemorrhage syndrome. To emphasize the importance of patients with sufficient healthy qi inside as well as to make well use of Bupleurum based on syndrome differentiation in the clinical treatments. In addition, with the caution of stopping bleeding without blood stagnation, from our survey, there are three frequently used pairs of drugs specialized for hemostasis in the medical records of Lu Yuanlei. Furthermore, Lu Yuanlei demonstrated three distinguished opinions in the examination of enterorrhagia , to apply Huang Tu Decoction deliberately for the clinical treatment of hematochezia. [Conclusion] The valuable academic inspiration and clinical treatments of hemorrhage syndrome proposed by Lu Yuanlei can be meditated and preached. Besides, his academic viewpoints of scientific connotation of TCM are obviously prominent in the contents.

Glutamate is the primary excitatory amino acid in the mammal brain. Glutamate transporters perform the regulation of glutamate levels in synaptic cleft. If the glutamate transporters should not be expressed, stopped working, or gone into reverse releasing glutamate from the cytoplasm, there would be an extracellular build up of glutamate. Defective glutamate uptake has been suggested to be important in connection with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To study pharmacokinetics of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 in rats after administration of irinotecan and thalidomide.METHODS: Healthy male SD rats were randomized to given 10 mg?kg-1 irinotecan and 20 mg?kg-1 irinotecan (control group) or irinotecan combined with 20 mg?kg-1 thalidomide (trial group).Blood samples were collected at 0.083 h,0.5 h,1.0 h,2.0 h,4.0 h,6.0 h,8.0 h,10 h and 12 h after medication.The plasma concentrations of irinotecan and SN-38 were determined and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DASver2.0 software.RESULTS: As compared with control group,AUC0～t and Cmax of irinotecan in 10 mg?kg-1 irinotecan trial group were increased significantly (P

Objectives To investigate the changes and signiifcance of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and anti-ds-DNA antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN) in children. Methods Sixty-seven children with SLE among whom 52 children had LN were selected and 30 healthy children were selected as normal controls. The level of serum TNF-αwas measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the anti-ds-DNA antibody level was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results The serum levels of TNF-αand anti-ds-DNA antibody were signiifcantly higher in children with SLE or LN than those in healthy controls (P all<0.01). Furthermore, the serum levels of TNF-αand anti-ds-DNA antibody were signiifcantly higher in active phase than in stationary phase of SLE and LN (P all<0.01). The serum TNF-αlevel was positively correlated with SLE disease activity index score and serum anti-ds-DNA level in 67 SLE patients (P<0.05). Conclu-sions The serum levels of TNF-αand anti-ds-DNA antibody were increased in children with SLE and LN and were positively correlated with disease activity.

Objective To study the effect of comprehensive interventions on anxiety of nursing students at internship. Methods Comprehensive educational interventions were practiced at the beginning,middle-term and end of their internship. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)was adopted to assess their level of anxiety.Results There were differences in SAS scores between the three phases(F=2.680,P<0.05).The scores were decreased from the beginning to the end.Conclusion Targeted comprehensive educational interventions can reduce anxiety and stress of nursing students.

[Objective]To assess the influence of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) reconstruction on preoperative fracture classification of intraarticular fractures by comparing 3D CT and 2D CT in preoperative fracture classification of tibial plateau fractures and acetabular fractures.[Method]A retrospective study was performed to evaluate 28 tibial plateau fractures and 19 acetabular fractures.Four attending traumatic orthopaedic surgeons used 3D CT and 2D CT respectively to evaluate fractures and rendered fracture classification.Test of agreement was performed to evaluate interobserver and intraobserver agreement about fracture classification.[Result]With the use of 3D CT images,interobserver and intraobserver reliability for fracture classification increased to perfect agreement.[Conclusion]3D CT could improve the reliability of preoperative fracture classification for tibial plateau fractures and acetabular fractures.3D CT is helpful and worthwhile for preoperative evaluation for fracture classification of intraarticular fractures.

Objective:To investigate the role of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein(ASC) in non-apoptotic,non-necrotic cell death of neutrophils induced by ONO-AE-248.Methods:The morphological changes of neutrophil nuclei and DNA fragmentation of the cells were examined by confocal microscopy and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL).Neutrophils were stimulated with medium alone,LPS,TNF-? or ONO-AE248 respectively.Then expression of ASC was detected by Western blot.Results:ONO-AE-248-induced neutrophil death was negative in TUNEL assay.Western blot showed that the expression of ASC protein was down-regulated by ONO-AE-248.Conclusion:The DNA degradation of the neutrophils when stimulated by ONO-AE-248 is probably different from that of the typical apoptosis.ASC might be a crosslink point between the ONO-AE-248-induced neutrophil death and spontaneous apoptosis of neutrophils.

[Objective]To compare long-term conversion between fresh and cryopreserved osteochondral allografts in order to further provide theoretical foundation for treatment of articular cartilage defect using osteochondral allografts. [Methods]Articular cartilage defect models of 5 mm in diameter and depth were established for 32 New Zealand rabbit’s knees and treated by fresh and cryopreserved osteochondral allografts. Allografts were harvested and assessed by observing and analysing proteoglycan content,chondrocyte viability and ultrastructure of articular cartilage using Alcianblue staining and BCECF-AM /PI fluorescent staining,respectively,at 12 and 18 months postoperatively.[Results]Proteoglycan content and percentage of viable chondrocytes of osteochondral allografts were obviously decreased.Results of fresh osteochondral allografts were significantly better than those of cryopreserved osteochondral allografts at different time points. Ultrastructure of chondrocytes demonstrated degenerative changes.[Conclusion]In treatment of artificial articular cartilage defect ,serious degenerative changes were found for both fresh and cryopreserved osteochondral allografts at a long period,suggesting that fresh,especially cryopreserved osteochondral allografts are not feasible to treat articular cartilage defect.

0.05),but the difference was significant at high frequency(P

0.05).Conclusion The peaked tympanogram of 1 000 Hz probe tone tympanometry in infants indicates normal results while flat tympanograms and other irregular shapes are abnormal.The middle ear functions are affected with flat tympanograms.The 1 000 Hz probe tone tympanometry is a valuable diagnostic tool to evaluate the middle ear functions in infants while 226 Hz probe tone tympanometry is considered inappropriate for infants.The 1000Hz tympanometry is more sensitive than ABR Wave Ⅰlatency and DPOAE responses.