Hamayou is the processed oviduct of Rana temporaria chensinensis David or R. amurensis. It is a well known traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the "Yin" and invigorating the kidney. Products produced in Gansu Province was found to have a coefficient of expansion of 53. 5~66. 8. Its essential aminoacid content was found to be 4. 43% ~5. 22% higher than those produced in the North-eastern Provinces

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for Huangshen electuary.METHODS:In this experiment the optimum extraction technology for Huangshen electuary was investigated by the L9(34) orthogonal test with the content of Astragaloside Ⅳ as technology index.The effects of three factors including the extraction times,time length of extraction and solvent ratio were investigated.RESULTS:The best extraction technology for Huangshen electuary was as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶10 and the decoction was carried out for 3 times(2 hours/time).CONCLUSION:The optimum extraction technology for Huangshen electuary is stable and feasible.

This paper reports the results of a study about the segregational stability of a series of pNK289-derived plasmids. The segregational stability in B. subtilis AS1. 1176 was found to be different among these same originated plasmids. The difference in segregational stability was shown not to be related to the sizes or replication patterns of the plasmids, but to have some relation to their copy numbers. As the unstable plasmid pNK219 can be miaintained stably in B. subtilis BD 224, it can be inferred that the host inheritable background could affect the segregational stability of plasmid. These results not only have laid a foundation for finding out some genes related to the stability of pNK289-derived plasmids, but also provided theoretical basis for constructing stable recombinant plasmid in Bacillus.

Objective To investigate the effects of endotracheal suctioning,turning over,oral caring and swallowingon cuff pressure,so as to provide evidence for the management of the endotracheal cuff.Methods During continuous monitoring of cuff pressure with pressure sensor,the changes of cuff pressure were recorded in the process of endotracheal suctioning,turning over,and oral caring.The data of cuff pressure were recorded including before activity,during activity,after activity for 5 min,15 min and 30 min.In addition,the data of cuff pressure were recorded including before swallowing,during swallowing,after swallowing for 1 min,5 min and 10 min.Results The cuff pressure during endotracheal suctioning and after endotracheal suctioning for 5 min was higher than that before endotracheal suctioning,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);the cuff pressure during turning over and after turning over for 5 min was higher than that before turning over,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);the cuff pressure during the oral caring was higher than that before oral caring,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);the cuff pressure during swallowing was higher than that before swallowing,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion These clinical factors would lead to transient increase of cuff pressure including suctioning,turning over,oral caring,and swallowing.The instantaneous cuff pressure will mislead the staff to judge the safey of endotracheal cuff.The cuff pressure should not be blindly adjusted,so as to avoid the risks of leakage and aspiration.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the problems about the prescription review by the monitoring system for rational drug use (PASS 1.6.1.7) and discuss the countermeasures. METHODS:A retrospective method was adopted. A total of 4 942 prescriptions of our hospital in the first quarter of 2015 were selected at random,and reviewed by PASS and the pharmacist respectively. The re-view results were analyzed,and then countermeasures were put forward for the problems found to exist in the software review. RE-SULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The conformity rates of prescriptions which had been determined as acceptable through PASS review and pharmacist review were 81.20% and 97.40% respectively. PASS misjudged 929 (18.80%) rational prescriptions as irrational ones,mainly concerning administration and dosage,simultaneous existence of Western medicine and Chinese patent medicine on one prescription,repeated drug use and use with caution,etc. PASS misjudged 122(2.47%)irrational prescriptions as rational pre-scriptions,mainly concerning administration and dosage,inconformity between diagnosis and drug use,etc. The above-said prob-lem was attributed to imperfect hospital management and insufficient software intelligence. It is suggested that the hospital should strengthen the data maintenance and management of information system and PASS developer should improve software rules to in-crease the accuracy rate of prescription review.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the construction effect of rational drug use monitoring system on the improvement of clini-cal drug use in the hospital. METHODS:The data about the construction of rational drug use monitoring system were collected from our hospital,including pharmacist workstation prescription check(check before prescription/medical order charging to realize warning in advance),clinical pharmacy management system prescription comment(realize prescription/medical order comment after-wards)and adverse drug reaction/adverse drug event(ADR)reporting information platform(realize online ADR reporting)during 2014-2015. The data was analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of system construction. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There were a total of 3 417 329 prescriptions audited by the pharmacist workstation within 2 years through improving system functions,includ-ing 7 315 prescriptions were returned to doctors to be modified,the percentage of which declined from 0.39% to 0.08%. The pass rate of prescription comment pre-judgment increased from 81.2% to 90.4% in 2015 by clinical pharmacy management system. The valid case number of ADR monitoring and reporting increased from 186 cases to 267 cases,involving all department of our hospi-tal. The construction of rational drug use monitoring system in our hospital can improve the standardization of prescription/medical orders,the level of rational drug use and the case number of ADR,which has achieved the expected results.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the rational use of haemocoagulase hemostatic drugs in the clinic by under-standing the perioperative utilization. METHODS:In retrospective study,1 200 discharge records of perioperative prophylactic ap-plication of haemocoagulase hemostatic drugs were collected randomly during Jan.-Dec. 2014.,and then analyzed statistically in re-spects of consumption sum and amount,application,irrational drug use,etc. The cost of hemocoagulase accounted for 7.39% of total drug cost,among which Haemocoagulase agkistrodon for injection had the highest consumption amount and sum,with utiliza-tion ratio of 51.44%. Average medication time of hemocoagulase during perioperative period was 2.36d;maximal average cost of hemocoagulase was 684.52 yuan in ENT and head and neck surgery department/ stomatology department;ENT and head and neck surgery department/ stomatology department,urinary surgery department had long average medication time,being 3.85d and 3.50d. RESULTS:Only 39.42% haemocoagulase hemostatic drugs were reasonably used during perioperative period. The unreasonable manifestation included:improper medication time(52.15%), too long medication course after operation(35.75%),wrong usage (5.61%)and replacing various haemocoagulase hemostatic drugs without reason(5.06%). CONCLUSIONS:The striking phenome-non of irrational use of haemocoagulase hemostatic drugs during perioperative period is severely worrying,so we need to strength-en the standard management and pharmaceutical supervision and intervention by clinical pharmacists.

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in dog triggers myocardial nerve sprouting and sympathetic hyperinnevation. It is possible that RFCA in humans has the same effect. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a neurons nurture that supports the survival and differentiation of sympathetic neurons and enhances target innervation. Therefore, it is hypothetic that RFCA can increases plasma NGF concentration in humans.OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that RFCA increases plasma NGF concentration in humans.DESIGN: Self-control experiment.SETTING: Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Forty-three patients were selected from the Cardiological Department of Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from January to June 2005, including atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) (n=18), right-sided accessory pathways (RSAP) (n=13) and left-sided accessory pathways (LSAP) (n=12), 20 males and 23 females, ages 28-65 years, all agreed to participate in the study voluntarily.METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from the peripheral veins before ablation and at 6 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7 days after ablation. The plasma concentration of NGF was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The plasma concentration of NGF was determined with ELISA before RFCA and at 6 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7 days after RFCA in each patient.RESULTS: Total 43 patients who were referred for ablation therapy for AVNRT, RSAP and LSAP were involved in the result analysis without loss. Plasma NGF increased at 6 hours after RFCA. Increased NGF continued to 7 days in the RFCA treated patients. The plasma NGF concentrations at 6 hours, 1, 3, 5, 7 days after RFCA in AVNRT, RSAP and LSAP ablations treated patients were (29.72±7.04), (30.94±5.68),(31.39 ±4.92), (31.06 ±4.56), (29.11 ±4.59), (31.77 ±6.25), (30.69 ±5.10),(31.46±4.96), (30.15±4.01), (30.43±3.14), (31.42±6.75), (31.00±5.20),(32.08±4.62), (30.67±3.71), (29.27±2.75) μg/L, respectively, and all more than that before RFCA [(14.89±2.84), (15.00±2.71), (15.51±2.75) μg/L, P ＜ 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in the NGF levels at 6 hours, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after RFCA (P ＞ 0.05). The plasma NGF concentration was not significant different among AVNRT, RSAP and LSAP ablation patients at any given time (P ＞ 0.05). The number of RFCA applications, the procedure time and the total energy have no correlation with NGF concentration at any given time instance.CONCLUSION: RFCA increases plasma NGF concentration in humans and lasts for at least 7 days. The number of RFCA applications, the procedure time and the total energy have no correlation with NGF concentration at any given time instance.

Objective: To observe the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the content of tumor necrosis factor?(TNF?) and the activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO) after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats,and to investigate its mechanism of protective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.Methods: Thirtysix male SD rats were randomly divided into shamoperated group,model group and(tetramethylpyrazine) group.The thread with embolus was(inserted) in the cerebral(middle) artery in shamoperated group,but the artery was not(embolized).The cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models of rats were established in model group and(tetramethylpyrazine) group,while in the latter group,33 mg/kg of tetramethylpyrazine was(injected)(intraperitoneally) 30 minutes before ischemia.The methods of radioimmunoassay and pectrophotometry were used respectively to detected the content of TNF? and the activity of MPO in brain tissues of rats.(Results): Compared with those in shamoperated group,the content of TNF?((0.601?0.089) ?g/L vs.(1.576?0.153) ?g/L) and the activity of MPO((0.026?0.008) U/g vs.(0.409?0.044) U/g) in brain tissues(increased) markedly in model group(both P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the dissolution determination of Benidipine hydrochloride tablets.METHODS:According to Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 edition),Benidipine hydrochloride tablets were added into hydrochloride acid 0.1 mo?lL-1 at rotation speed of 50 r?min-1,then samples were obtained after 30 min.The absorbance of samples was detected at detection wavelength of 359 nm and accumulative dissolution was calculated.RESULTS:The linear range of benidipine hydrochloride was 5～30?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9)with an average recovery of 99.76%(RSD=0.47%).The accumulative dissolutions of 3 batches of samples were all above 80%.CONCLUSIONS:Established method is simple and reliable for the dissolution determina-tion of Benidipine hydrochloride tablets.