Background Retinal vein occlusion is a common retinal vascular diseases.Thromblysis and anticoagulation therapies are main approaches.However,systemic thrombolysis is relatively inefficient,and it often enhances the risk of hemorrhage.Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of PLM-ΔK,a kringle deficiency mutant of plasmin,on photochemically induced branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) after intravitreal injection.Methods BRVO models were established by the combination of caudal vein injection of Rose Bengal with argon laser radiation of periphery area of retinal veins in SD rats.Forty model rats were randomized into balance salt solution (BSS) group and 0.01 U,0.02 U,0.03 U PLM-ΔK group,and 10 μl corresponding drug was intravtreally injected 12 hours after modeling.Ophthalmoscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed to observe the change of retinal veins.The animals were sacrificed 3 days after intravitreal injection,and hematoxylin and eosin staining was used for the histopathological and ultrastructural examination of retinas.The retina of the rats was isolated for the stretched preparation of retina.The expressions of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN) in eyeball wall were assayed by immunofluorescence technology.The use and care of the animals complied with Statement of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results The revascularization of over 2 retinal veins was found in 0,3,6 and 8 rats in the BBS group and 0.01 U,0.02 U,0.03 U PLM-ΔK group 3 days after intravitreal injection,respectively,showing a significant difference among the groups (x2=9.635,P =0.022),and the rat number with revascularization in 0.01 U PLM-ΔK group was not significantly different from that in BSS group (Z=-1.558,P =0.119),but the difference between 0.03 U PLM-ΔK group and 0.01 U PLM-ΔK group was significant (Z=-2.762,P=0.006).In the third day after intravitreal injection,retinal vein thrombus were found in the BSS group under the light microscope,and angiogenesis was seen on the retinal flatmount nuclear.In the 0.03 U PLM-ΔK group,posterior vitreal detachment was exhibited under the light microcope,and no retinal new vessel and cell damage were seen.FN was strongly expressed in the inner limiting membrane (ILM) layer,photocyte layer,outer limiting membrane (OLM) layer,choroid and scleral layer,and LN was expressed mainly in the ILM,OLM and scleral layer in the BSS group.However,the expression intensities of FN and LN were obviously weakened in the 0.03 U PLM-ΔK group.Conclusions Intravitreal injection of PLM-ΔK can enhance the reperfusion of occluded branch retinal vein and serve as a potential therapeutic drug for BRVO.Also it can permeate into choroid after intravitreal injection to degradate FN and LN.

Objective To evaluate a rapid biochip system for the determination of muhidrugresistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. MethodsA total of 1 186 clinical strains, including 800 rifampin (RFP) resistant isolates, 797 isoniozid (INH)resistant isolates, 791 MDR-TB and 380 susceptible strains, were selected from Beijing Chest Hospital, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and Guangzhou Chest Hospital respectively using stratified sampling method. Biochips were used to detect loci of rpoB 511 (T→C), 513 (A→C, C→A), 516 (G→T, A→T, A→G) , 526 (C→T, C→G, A→T, A→G), 531 (C→T, C→G), 533 (T→C), katG 315 ( G→C, G→A) and inhA -15 (C→T). Absolute concentration drug susceptibility test of RFP and INH were performed to serve as the gold standard to calculate susceptibility, specificity and overall concordance of biochip test. All polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were sequenced to confirm the mutations. ResultsThe concordances between the biochip system and absolute concentration drug susceptibility test were 93.7％ ( 1 108/1 183 ) for RFP, 83. 8％(994/1 186) for INH and 82.4％ (975/1 183) for MDR-TB. Compared with absolute concentration drug susceptibility test, the biochip method displayed a sensitivity of 92. 0％ (733/797) and 77. 4％ (617/797)and a specificity of 97. 2％ (375/386) and 96. 9％ (377/389) for RIF and INH, respectively. For MDR-TB, the biochip system reached a sensitivity of 74. 6％ ( 588/788 ) and a specificity of 98.0％ ( 387/395 ).Among rpoB mutants, mutations were mostly detected at codon 531[64. 5％ (480/744)]. In stains with mutations in katG or inhA, 77.4％ ( 487/629 ) had mutation at codon 315 ( TCG ) of katG only. The sequencing results had a high concordance with that of the biochip method. There were slight differences in 5 strains, among which one strain was detected by biochip as katG 315(G→C) mutant, but was identified by sequencing as wild type, and mutation types other than those detected by the biochip were confirmed in the other 4 strains by sequencing. Conclusion This biochip system is adapted for extensive application in clinical diagnosis, as it allows fast and reliable detection of resistance to isoniazid and rifampin in tuberculosis clinical isolates.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Probiotics are expected to confer benefits on patients with constipation, but how probiotics act on constipated patients with variable stool consistencies remains unclear. We investigated the effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on constipation-related symptoms, especially stool consistency, of constipated patients. METHODS: Constipated patients meeting the Rome III criteria were divided into 3 groups according to the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS): hard (hard stool [HS], BSFS < 3), normal (normal stool [NS], ≤ 3 BSFS ≤ 4), and soft (soft stool [SS], 4 < BSFS ≤ 5) stools. Subjects in each group consumed a probiotic beverage containing 1010 colony-forming units of LcS daily for 28 days. RESULTS: LcS intervention significantly alleviated constipation-related symptoms and increased defecation frequency in all subjects. Four weeks of LcS supplementation softened the hard stools in HS, hardened the soft stools in SS, and did not alter the ideal stool consistency in NS. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were highest in SS, followed by NS and HS. LcS intervention increased the stool SCFA levels in HS but reduced or did not alter the levels in NS and SS. LcS intervention increased the Pseudobutyrivibrio and Roseburia abundances in HS and decreased the Pseudobutyrivibrio abundance in SS. CONCLUSIONS: LcS supplementation improved the constipation-related symptoms in constipated subjects. Differences in baseline stool consistency could result in different anti-constipation effects of LcS intervention. LcS balanced the stool consistency—softened the HS and hardened the SS. These effects could be associated with modulation of the gut microbiota and SCFA production.
Beverages ; China ; Constipation ; Defecation ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Lactobacillus casei ; Lactobacillus ; Probiotics ; Stem Cells