Objective To investigate the effects of ketamine on endotexin-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines(IL-6, TNF-?) and activation of their medulating factor NF-?B in vivo. Methods Forty adult male SD rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: (Ⅰ)control group(n=10); (Ⅱ) endotoxin group received intravenous endotoxin(Escherichia coli O111: B4, Sigma) 5 mg?kg~(-1)(n=10); (Ⅲ, Ⅳ)endotexin+ketamine group received ketamine or 5 or 10mg?kg~(-1)?h~(-1) after endotoxin(n=10). The animals were anesthetized with urethane i.p. (1g?kg~(-1)). Carotid artery was cannulated for BP and HR monitoring and jugular vein was cannulated for fluid or drug administration. Two hours after endotoxin administration the animals were sacrificed by exsanguination. Blood was collected and peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC) were isolated. NF-?B activity in PBMC was measured by EMSA and plasma TNF-? and IL-6 levels were determined by ELISA. Results Progressive hypotension and tachycardia developed after endotoxin administration. Endotexin also increased NF-?B activity in PBMCs and plasma TNF-? and IL-6. Ketamine 10 mg?kg~(-1) attenuated the endotexin-induced hemedynamie levels. Ketamine(5, 50 mg?kg~(-1)?h~(-1)) suppressed NF-?B activity in PBMC and inhihited plasma TNF-? level but plasma IL-6 level was not affected. Conclusion Ketamine can suppress endotoxin-induced NF-?appa B activation. Subanesthetic dose of ketamine has anti-inflammatory action.

Objective To evaluate the regulatory role of acetylcholine receptor in muramyl dipeptide (MDP)-induced activation of Nod-like receptor 2/receptor-interacting protein 2 (2NLR2/RIP2) pathway in macrophages of mice.Methods RAW264.7 cells at the logarithmic growth phase were seeded in 12-well plates (density 1 × 106 cells/ml,2 ml/well),a total of 108 wells.The cells were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =36 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),MDP group (group M),and GTS-21 (a7nAChR specific agonist) group (group G).The cells were routinely cultured in group C.MDP with the final concentration of 10 μg/ml was added to the culture medium in group M.MDP with the final concentration of 10μg/ml and GTS21 with the final concentration of 50 μg/ml were added to the culture medium in group G.The cells were incubated for 24 h.At 1,6 and 24 h of incubation with MDP,12 wells were chosen and the cell suspension was obtained for measurement of NLR2 mRNA expression (by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR),RIP2 expression (by Western blot),and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the culture media (by ELISA).Results Compared with group C,the levels of NLR2 mRNA,RIP2,TNFα and HMGB1 were significantly increased at each time point in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M,the levels of NLR2 mRNA,RIP2,TNF-α and HMGB1 were significantly decreased at each time point in group G (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Acetylcholine receptor can suppress MDP-induced transduction of NLR2/RIP2 pathway in macrophages of mice.

Objective To investigate the effect of electro-acupunctare at zusanli on acute lung injury in a rat model of sepsis after scald.Methods Fifty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,aged 2-3 months,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sepsis after scald group (group SS),electro-acupuncture at zusanli group (group E),electric stimulation of non-acupoint group (group NE) and electro-acupuncture at zusanli + α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT,a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist) group (group α-BGT).The rats were subjected to a third degree scald covering 20％ total body surface (TBS) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) 5 mg/kg was injected into the femoral vein immediately after scald to induce sepsis.Electro-stimulation (3 V,2 ms,3 Hz) of bilateral zusanli was performed for 12 min starting from the time point immediately after MDP injection and every 8 h for 2 consecutive days in group E.In group NE,electro-stimulation was performed at the points 5 mm lateral to the bilateral acupoints of Zusanli and the method was similar to those previously described in group E.In group α-BGT,α-BGT 1.0 μg/kg (in 1 ml of normal saline) was injected into the femoral vein before electro-stimulation of zusanli.At 48 h after treatment,arterial blood samples were obtained for determination of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein levels (by ELISA) and lung specimens were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of the expression of Nod like receptor 2 (NLR2) mRNA (by RT-PCR) and receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2) in the lung tissues (by Western blot).Results Compared with group C,the expression of NLR2 mRNA and RIP2 was significantly up-regulated,and the serum TNF-α and HMGB1 levels were increased in SS,NE and α-BGT groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group E (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group SS,the expression of NLR2 mRNA and RIP2 was down-regulated,and the serum TNF-α and HMGB1 levels were decreased in group E (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in NE and α-BGT groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group E,the expression of NLR2 mRNA and RIP2 was significantly up-regulated,and the serum TNF-α and HMGB1 levels were increased in NE and α-BGT groups (P ＜ 0.05).The pathological changes of lung tissues were significantly reduced in group E as compared with group SS.Conclusion Electro-acupunctare at Zusanli can reduce acute lung injury in a rat model of sepsis after scald and inhibition of NLR2/RIP2 signaling pathway and activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in lung tissues may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of intensive pulse light (IPL) device for facial rejuvenation and the treatment of hyperpigmented lesions, facial telangiectasias, acne vulgaris and hair removal. Methods One hundred females who claim to improve their skin texture, hair re-moval and patients with hyperpigmented lesions, facial telangiectasias and acne vulgaris were treated with IPL device. Patients received five treatments with the time interval of 3 weeks to 1 month. Pho-tographs were assessed 1 month after the last treatment. Results For facial skin texture, the total im-provement were scored 100 %. For hyperpigmented lesions and facial telangiectasias, the total im-provement reached to 90%. For ache vulgaris, the total improvement reached to 75 %. For hair re-moval, the total improvement was 95 %. Conclusion The IPL device is an effective and safe modality for the improvement of skin texture, hyperpigmented lesions, facial telangiectasias and hair removal, and a novel modality for the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Objective To study whether transient overexpression of tumor suppressor gene PTEN could lead to growth suppression and up-regulate the sensitivity to doxorubicin of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Methods The eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-C 1-PTEN containing whole cDNA of PTEN was constructed and transfected into MCF-7 cells by Lipofectamine 2000 in vitro. Growth inhibition of the cells was observed by phase contrast microscope and flow cytometry. The clonogenic cell survival ability was studied by clony forming assay. MCF-7 cells′ chemosensitivity to adriamycin was studied with MTT assay. Results PTEN overexpression led to morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. PTEN overexpression also resulted in a significant increase in G 0/G 1 cell population (14.79%) and apoptosis (10.60%) detected by flow cytometry. The clonogenic survival rate of cells transfected with PTEN was significantly decreased after doxorubicin treatment compared with control. The transfected cells were more sensitive to doxorubicin compared with the control cells ( ? 2=8.59 , P

Objective: To establish the quality standard for Erxiaqingxin Tablets(Cordyceps, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Radix Puerariae, Caulis Bambusae in Taenia, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, etc.). Methods:TLC was performed to identify Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Radix Puerariae. HPLC was used to determine the content of puerarin. Results:The study on the quality control showed that the characteristic of identification by TLC was distinct and hightly specific. The quantification method had the linear range of 0.04092～2.4552?g. The average recovery was 99.36% and RSD was 2.32%. Conclusion:The method for identification and quantification was simple, realizable and reproducible. It can be used effectively for the quality control of Erxiaqingxin Tablets.

Objective To analyze the allergens and sex ,age distribution of chronic urticaria in Chengdu .Methods Totally 859 patients with chronic urticaria were tested with 13 kinds inhaled allergens and 15 kinds of food allergens by skin prick test .Re‐sults The top 5 allergens were:dermatophagoides farinae、dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ,cockroach ,shrimp and sea‐crab .The positive rate of dermatophagoides farinae was 58 .7% ,dermatophagoides pteronyssinus which was 55 .1% took second place .No difference was found between sex ,more inhaled allergens were found positive than food allergens in both sex groups .The positive rate was higher in people younger than 60 .Conclusion Dermatophagoides farinae ,dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ,cockroach , shrimp and sea‐crab are the commonest allergens in Chengdu .The skin prick test is important in the individualized treatment of chronic urticaria and health education .It may also be helpful in the management of chronic allergic skin diseases .

Purpose The aim of this study was to reveal the role of SGT,the small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein,in the developing mouse brain through examining the expression profile of SGT during the development stage. Methods In this study, quantitative RT-RCR and Western blot were applied to investigate the expression of SGT mRNA and protein in the mouse whole brain. Western bolt was also used to detect the expression of SGT in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and cerebellum. Immunohistochemical analysis on postnatal and adult mouse brain was performed to examine the subcellular localization of SGT. Results Our data showed that the levels of SGT mRNA and protein in the mouse whole brain were both high during the postnatal stage and declined in the adult. Regional expression of SGT protein in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, striatum and cerebellum showed a similar expression profile.Immunohistochemical analysis found that in the P14 mouse brain, SGT was abundant in all the CA regions of hippocampus as well as most regions of cerebral cortex and striatum. In the cerebellum, SGT was mainly distributed in Purkinje cells. In the sections of the adult mouse brain, faint expression was observed in the regions mentioned above. Conclusions Our findings firstly exhibit the expression pattern of SGT in the mouse brain development,which might shed new light on further functional analysis of SGT in the central nervous system.

Objective To investigate the effects of VCAM-1 on migration and invasion of glioma cell lines . Methods The techniques of lentivirus pSGU6/GFP/Neo-based VCAM-1 shRNA and EF1 a-GFP/puro-based VCAM-1 expression vector, the scratch wound healing migration and transwell invasion assays , and the Western blot and cell staining were applied to observe the effects of VCAM-1 expression levels on migration and invasion of glioma cell line cells.There are four groups in T98G cells including control, vector, scramble and shRNA-VCAM-1 groups and three groups in U251 cells covering control, vector and VCAM-1 overexpressed groups ( n=6 per group) .Results The stabled glioma cell lines of T98 G cells with down-regulated VCAM-1 and U251 cells with VCAM-1 overexpression were established by using lentivirus-based VCAM-1 shRNA and expression vector.The ability of scratch wound healing (migration activity) decreased significantly (P<0.01) in T98G cells with lower VCAM-1 expression levels, while the migration activity was obviously improved in U251 cells with overexpressed VCAM-1 ( P <0.05 ) .Similarly, the invasion ability was significantly inhibited ( P <0.05) in T98G cells with silenced VCAM-1, as well as VCAM-1 overexpression could enhance the invasion ability of U251 cells ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions VCAM-1 improves the migration activity and invasion ability of human glioma cell line cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of moderate pain on attentional bias towards emotional pictures among healthy subjects.Methods Thirty-two healthy college students aged from 17 to 26 (21.8±2.2;16 males and 16 females) participated in this study.A tourniquet was tied to each subject's left upper arm 1 to 2cm above the cubits horizontal grain.Pain was inflicted by inflating the tourniquet,and the pressure was maintained at 26.66kPa.While tourniquet was inflated (with pain) or not (no pain),each subject was asked to finish a pictorial dot-probe task with three kinds of pictures-emotionally positive,negative and neutral.In experiment 1,subjects performed the dot-probe tasks with the contralateral hand while the tourniquet was tied on the left upper arm without inflation.In experiment 2 the tourniquet was inflated until the subject completed the dot-probe task (for about 10min).The reaction times (RTs) and the error rates (Ers) in the recognition task were recorded,and the intensity of the subject's pain and discomfort were measured using a verbal rating scale.Results The subjects reported moderate to severe pain with the tourniquet inflated.The RT and ER data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) which showed a significant difference between the average RTs of the males (482±73ms without pain and 466±82ms with pain) and those of the females (536±90ms without pain and 519±100 ms with pain).The average ER was significantly different between the pain (2.38±1.49)％ and no pain (1.09±0.82)％ conditions in both groups.Holn-Sidak multiple comparison testing showed significant differences in both groups' average ER between the negative picture (3.81±1.73)％ and the positive picture (1.66±0.97)％,and between the negative and neutral pictures (1.68±0.8) ％ in the pain condition.Mild attentional avoidance was observed with the positive [pain condition (-5.1±4.8) ms and no pain (-4.6±4)ms] and negative pictures [pain condition (-3.43±6) ms and no pain (-0.79±4.1)ms],but no significant difference was found between the pain and no pain conditions.Conclusion The error rate in a pictorial dot-probe task is influenced by pain,especially with negative pictures.