OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of preservative ethylparaben content in hospital preparation.METHODS: The determination was carried out on Spherisorb C18 column and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(50∶50,V/V) at a flow rate of 1 mL?min-1.The column temperature was set at 35 ℃;the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the sample size was 20 ?L.RESULTS: The linear range of ethylparaben was 1.812 5～18.125 0 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery rate of 99.92%.The intra-day RSD was less than 2.10% and inter-day RSD was less than 4.89%.CONCLUSION: The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and applicable for the determination of ethylparaben content in hospital preparation.

Objective To establish a gas chromatographic method for the determination of 41 organophosphorus pesticide retention in ginseng. Methods Samples were extracted with acetonitril, purified by PSA solid phase extraction column, eluted by acetone-normal hexane, detected by FPD, and separated by ZB-1701 capillary column. Temperature for the samples was increased through program and the samples were determined by gas chromatography. Results 41 organophosphorus pesticides showed good linear relation in the range of 5-1000 μg/kg, and correlation coefficient was 0.991-0.998. The average recoveries at the three fortification levels (50, 100, 500μg/kg) were between 69.8% and 99.7% with the RSD between 1.9% and 15.3%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of the 41 pesticides were between 9μg/kg and 45μg/kg. Conclusion The method developed in this study is with high degree of accuracy, good sensitivity, easy and simple to handle.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the change of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),intercellular adhesion molecules(ICAM-1),matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 contents in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) in rats after perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) exposure. METHODS PMVECs were separated and purified using a modified method of implantation of pulmonary tissues. After identification,PMVECs were divided into the normal control group and the PFIB-exposed groups(n=3). The PFIB-exposed groups inhaled PFIB at the concentration of 200 mg · m-3 for 5 min in a flow-past header,while the normal control group were PMVECs in quiescent condition. The supernatants and lysates of PMVECs were harvested at 0.5,1,2,4 and 8 h,respec?tively, after execution. The contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,ICAM-1,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA,and the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS① According to the morphologic characteristics of cell growth and the expression of specificity antigens and the bind experiment of phytohemagglutinin,the cells separated and purified by modified method shared the characteristics of PMVECs.②TNF-αwas rapidly expressed by PMVECs at 0.5 h post PFIB stimulation and the maximum value was achieved at 2 h post PFIB stimulation(P<0.05). The newly synthesized TNF-α was slowly released out of the cells. The maximum TNF-α in the supernatant was achieved at 4 h post stimulation.③Within 2 h of stimulation,PMVECs synthesized a large amount of IL-1β and peaks at 2 h. However,IL-1βwas never released to the extracellular milieu.④The amount of ICAM-1 was rapidly synthesized by PMVECs after PFIB stimulation,but at a low level.⑤After stimulation with PFIB,MMP-2 in the supernatant of PMVECs culture was gradually increased,peaked at 2 h and then decreased subsequently. The biological activity of MMP-2 in the supernatant was also enhanced after PFIB stimulation. PFIB did not stimulate synthesis or secretion of MMP-9,indicating that PMVECs were not the main source of MMP-9 during PFIB inhalation-induced acute lung injury. CONCLUSION PFIB stimulates the surviving PMVECs to synthesize a large amount of TNF-α,IL-1β, MMP-2 and conjunctive ICAM-1.

BACKGROUND: Chronic musculoskeletal pain can cause disability and decreased quality of life of patients. Probing into the therapeutic methods of musculoskeletal disease and choosing proper treatment drugs are important for patients.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of controlled-release tramadol in patients with moderate to severe chronic pain of musculoskeletal origin.DESIGN: A self-control study was conducted.SETTING: Arthrtosis Institute, People' s Hospital Affiliated to Peking University.PARTICIPANTS: Patients who were in the Orthopaedic Outpatient Service,People' s Hospital of Peking University were involved. This observational study was conducted in 40 adults who experienced moderate to moderately severe chronic musculoskeletal pain that was not controlled by routine nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID) therapy.INTERVENTIONS: Any NSAIDs and other analgesics were prohibited. Patients initially took 50 mg of controlled-release tramadol (Tramcontin) every 12hours, supplemented by every 50 mg if insufficient pain relieved. Recommended daily maximum dose was 400 mg per day. The observation lasted for 4 weeks. The patients were asked for document therapy-relevant data every day and were interviewed every week to doctor assessment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain intensity before and after treatment, pain remission degree, all side effects and their severity.RESULTS: All cases were finished the study and no one withdrew from follow-up. No eligible patients exited from the study because of therapeutic failure or intolerance. In comparison with the initial visual analogue scale (VAS) mean value 6. 80 ± 1.84, the average VAS value at the end of observation was 1.00 ± 1.46, which had significant difference( P ＜ 0. 001) . An average pain reduction of (85. 50±5.35)%was obtained, among which 78% were absolutely and obviously lessened. Side effects were reported in 9cases (22%).Drowsiness and dizziness(6 cases) was the most common, followed by nausea (3 cases), vomiting (1 case), somnolence (2 cases), constipation and urinary retention (1 case) and blurred vision (1 case).CONCLUSION: Tramcontin, as slow-release tramadol, proved to be an effective, safe, and easy-to-use central acting analgesic has an important role in the management of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Light side effect and good tolerance has provided a new choice for treatment of chronic pain in the orthopaedic department.

OBJECTIVE: To study the formulation and technology of dexamethasone solid lipid nanoparticles(DXM-SLN) lyophilized injection and evalnate it's quality. METHODS: The formulation of the supporting agent was optimized and the preparation technology of lyophilized injection was established to prepare the lyophilised injection. The content of DXM in the sample was determined and its quality was investigated as well. RESULTS: 30% mannitol was supporting agent, the particle size of DXM-SLN was 340 nm, with zeta potential at -25.2 mV, entrapment ratio at 92.10% and drug-loading at 7.10%. It was stable within 3 months' at 2～8 ℃storing. CONCLUSION: The preparation technique of this preparation is simple and feasible and its quality is stable and controllable.

In order to search for new antiplatelet agents with higher potency, a series of tetramethylpyrazine ( TMP) /chalcone hybrids ( 2-26) were synthesized and evaluated based on the principle of bioisostere and hybrid-ization. They exerted inhibitory activity against adenosine diphosphate ( ADP )-induced and arachidonic acid ( AA)-induced platelet aggregation to varied extent. Among them, compound 8 was the most potent with IC50 of 0. 14 mmol/L on ADP-induced platelet aggregation ( 9. 1 folds of TMP and 10. 5 folds of chalcone ) and 0. 09 mmol/L on AA-induced platelet aggregation ( 8. 8 folds of TMP and 10. 0 folds of chalcone) , which was superior to clinically used anti-platelet drug aspirin ( ASP, IC50 =0. 15 mmol/L) .

Objective To investigate tentatively the role of angiotensionⅡ( AngⅡ) in perfluoroisobutylene ( PFIB)-in-duced acute lung injury ( ALI) in rats.Methods Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into one control group(0 h) and six PFIB-exposed groups which were executed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after PFIB exposure (n=4). The PFIB-exposed groups inhaled PFIB at a concentration of 145 mg/m3 for 8 min in a flow-past header while the control group was exposed to the filtered air in a similar manner .After execution at the corresponding time-point, the samples of the lung, serum and brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were harvested.The measurement of the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio ( W/D) and total protein content in BALF , and the histopathological examination of the lung were carried out to evalu -ate the degree of lung injury .The over-time changes in the content of AngⅡin the lung homogenates and blood plasma and the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE) in the lung tissue were observed .Results The lung W/D and total protein content in BALF were increased significantly at 16 h after PFIB exposure with severe acute lung edema and abun-dant neutrophil exudation to the alveoli , which were alleviated dramatically at 24 h after PFIB exposure .The content of AngⅡin the lung homogenate showed a tendency of increase during the first 8 hours with significant decrease at 16 and 24 h after exposure.However, the content of AngⅡin the plasma and the activity of ACE in the lung experienced of fluctuations , but without significant difference compared to the control group .Conclusion There is no obvious correlation between the extent of lung injury and that of AngⅡin the lung.The pathological significance of AngⅡin PFIB-induced ALI needs to be further clarified.

ObjectiveTo investigate the detection results of WBC,CRP,ESR and GR% in patients with knee infection after operation. Methods The study was conducted from March 2012 to January 2015. Twenty patients were collected in the study. The values of WBC,CRP,ESR and GR% were compared and analyzed between pre-operation and post-operation of 1,3 and 7 days. Results The values of WBC,CRP,ESR and GR% in the post-operation of 1 day were higher than those in the pre-operation,and there were statistically significances (P < 0.05). The values of ESR in the post-operation of 3 and 7 days were higher than that in the pre-operation, with statistically significances(P < 0.05). However,the values of WBC,CRP and GR% in the post-operation of 3 and 7 days were no statistically significances compared with those in the pre-operation(P > 0.05). Conclusion WBC,CRP,ESR and GR% have good reference value for early diagnosis and treatment,which can be used as screen testing indexes in the early knee infection.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of levofloxacin tablets produced by 6 different factories.METHODS:To investigate the quality of 17 batches of levofloxacin tablets produced by 6 factories according to related standards and to evaluate the drug dissolubilities using paddle method.RESULTS:17 products from six factories were all proved qualified.Significant differences of dissolution parameters and treatment costs were found among the different products.CONCLUSION:There are difference in quality of levofloxacin tablets.The tablets produced by the factory holding the patent right are more expensive,however the qualiity is more stable.

BACKGROUND: The use of allograft tendon promotes the development of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, which is of great importance in the relevant basic research and clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current application and progress of allograft tendon in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: We searched relevant articles about the use of allograft tendon in PubMed and Embase published from January 2012 to February 2018 using the keywords of "allograft tends OR allografts, intra-articular knee ligament OR anterior cruciate ligament OR ACL". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: China's use of allogeneic tendon in the reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is still in the developmental stage. The current pros and cons of using allografts or autografts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are inconclusive. Concerns about the choice of allografts are mainly due to possible infections and slow healing. A huge difference exists in different trials concerning the effects of allografts versus autografts. The conclusions are therefore roughly as follows: there is no difference in knee function after implantation of the two grafts, or the knee joint function is better after autograft. Studies have shown that allografts may increase the risk of secondary surgery. Therefore, the use of allograft tendon faces many clinical challenges in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.