The pharmacokinetics and tissue distributions of the novel paclitaxel microemulsion based on the L-OH lipid complex made in our laboratory were studied in this article with the commercial paclitaxel injection in cremophor as reference preparation by injected intravenously with single dose of 5 mg x kg(-1) in rats. LC-MS/MS method was used to determine the drug concentration in plasma and calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. [3H]-paclitaxel was used to reveal the tissue distributions of different organs in 0.5 h, 3 h, 24 h and 120 h. The results indicated that the AUC of the emulsion group descended to 42.55%, with the CLz and Vz increased by 2.27 times and 3.81 times respectively. Tissue distribution results revealed that the emulsion showed a significantly increase in liver and spleen with a peak concentration up to 5 times; a slightly increase was observed in lung with no statistical differences; a significantly decrease in heart, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, aorta, thymus, pancreas, fat, muscle, skin, seminal vesicle, reproductive organs and brain with a drop of 40%-80%. These results indicated that paclitaxel microemulsion based on L-OH lipid complexes can remarkably reduced the blood exposure, accelerate plasma clearance rate and increase distribution volume. The fact that paclitaxel microemulsion tended to be uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES) contributed to the target in liver, spleen and lung, and help to reduce the toxicity in blood, heart, kidney and gastrointestinal tract.

Objective To study the influence of breast-feeding on the common neonatal comorbidities of very low birth weight (ELBW) infants.Method A retrospective study was conducted in our hospital from July 2014 to September 2015.The ELBW infants with birth weight between 1 000 g and 1 500 g were enrolled into the study.The infants were assigned into three groups according to human milk intake during hospitalization:high-volume breast feeding group (the high-volume group) (human milk equal to or greater than 75％),small-volume breast feeding group (the small-volume group) (human milk less than 75％) and premature formula group (the formula group) (exclusive formula fed during hospitalization).The general status,weight gain,the incidences of gastrointestinal dysfunction,neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC),late onset sepsis,premature retinopathy (ROP),bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) during hospitalization were compared between the three groups.Logistic regression analysis was applied.Result A total of 210 cases were included in the study.32 cases in the high-volume group,73 cases in the small-volume group and 105 in the formula group.The incidence of NEC (Bell's stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ) in the high-volume group was significantly lower than the small-volume group and the formula group (6.3％ vs.24.7％,26.7％) (P ＜ 0.05).No statistical differences existed as for the incidences of gastrointestinal dysfunction,sepsis,ROP,BPD,and PVL (P ＞0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio (OR) of survival without NEC in the highvolume group were 0.183 compared with the formula group and 0.204 compared with the small-volume group;and the 95％ confidence interval were 0.041 ～0.818,0.044 ～ 0.938 respectively.No statistically significant differences existed among the three groups in the growth rate of body weight,the time needed to regain birth weight,the time needed to reach total enteral nutrition and the length of hospital stay (P ＞0.05).Conclusion High-volume breast milk intake can reduce the incidence of NEC (Bell's stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ).Breast-feeding has little adverse effects on common comorbidities of ELBW infants.Enhanced breastfeeding has similar efficacy comparing with formula feeding in the catch-up growth.

Carcinoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms

Objective To evaluate the predictive effect of preoperative pressure-flow studies on the outcome of transurethral prostatectomy.Methods Sixty-three patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) were evaluated by using pressure-flow studies,international prostate symptom score,uroflowmetry,and residual urine volume before and 3 months after surgery.The patients were divided into 3 groups(obstruction equivocal and unobstruction) according to the grade of pressure-flow.The outcome of transurethral prostatectomy were analyzed in each group with detrusor contractility(weak or normal).Results Treatment outcome could be predicted by using the grade of benign prostatic obstruction and detrusor contractility.The sensitivity of which was 73.5%,with a specificity of 88.5% and positive predictive value of 96.2%.Conclusions Urodynamic studies provide great predictive value of option in transurethral prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the morphology of eroded auditory ossicles obtained in middle ear surgery for cholesteatoma and to investigate the mechanism of bone erosion in cholesteatoma. METHOD: The morphology of eroded auditory ossicles in 8 cholesteatoma cases and 2 normal cases were observed with light microscopy. The ultrastructure of eroded auditory ossicles in 5 cholesteatoma cases and the ultrastructure of control bones in external ear canal of 2 cases were observed and compared with transmission electron microscopy. RESULT: Osteomyelitis and multinucleate osteoclasts with ruffled borders were observed in the eroded auditory ossicles of cholesteatoma. Intramembranous and endochondral ossification were both observed. The obvious bone destruction and remodeling were observed consistently. CONCLUSION Osteoclasts and Osteomyelitis are both responsible for bone destruction in cholesteatoma. Intramembranous and endochondral ossification may co-participate in bone remodeling. Osteogenesis is also a basic pathologic phenomena in cholesteatoma. The obvious bone destruction and remodeling can coexist in cholesteatoma cases.
Case-Control Studies ; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear ; pathology ; Ear Ossicles ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Osteoclasts ; pathology ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of receptor activator nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in cholesteatoma and to determine their roles in the destruction of bone. To observe the role of osteoclasts in bone destruction. METHOD: Immunohistochemical technique and computer image analysis were used to examine the expression of RANKL and OPG in 27 cholesteatoma and 11 normal tissue respectively. RESULT: RANKL was expressed mainly in promatrix cells, including fibroblasts and foam cells. OPG was expressed both in epithelium and promatrix cells. The results of the computer image quantitative analysis showed that the mean optical density of RANKL and the ratio of RANKL/OPG in cholesteatoma were higher than that in normal skin epithelial tissue (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean optical density of OPG in cholesteatoma and that in normal skin epithelial tissue (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The overexpression of RANKL and the increased ratio of RANKL/OPG in cholesteatoma are associated with the destruction of bone. Osteoclasts is possible mediator of osteolysis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholesteatoma ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective:To evaluate the heart hemodynamics in fetuses with premature ductus arteriosus constriction or closure using fetal heart quantification (FHQ).Methods:The clinical data of 50 singleton fetuses with ductus arteriosus constriction ( n=35) or ductus arteriosus closure ( n=15) who underwent echocardiography in Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, from May 2013 to January 2020. Fifty healthy singleton fetuses were randomly selected as the control group. The ductus arteriosus diameter (DA), pulsatility index (PI), diameter of the left atrium(LA) and right atrium(RA), diameter of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV), tricuspid regurgitation/right atrium area ratio (TR/RA Ratio), pressure gradient of tricuspid regurgitation (PG of TR), and heart/chest ratio were measured using conventional fetal echocardiography; the correlations among the parameters were analyzed. Speckle-tracking analysis was used to analysis and compute the LV and RV global spherical index (GSI), fractional area change (FAC) and global strain (GS), the LV ejection fraction(EF) and stroke volume (SV). These variables and their correlations were compared and analyzed. Results:Compared with the control group, the GS and FAC of the LV and RV in the ductus arteriosus constriction or closure groups were lower ( P<0.05) while the LV-SV was higher ( P<0.05). The FAC, GS, and EF values of the LV were higher in the premature ductus arteriosus closure group than in the ductus arteriosus constriction group ( P<0.05), while the RV-FAC was lower ( P<0.05), the RV-GS and LV-SV showed no significant changes ( P>0.05). Correlation analyse showed that the PI was positively correlated with DA( r=0.364, P<0.05); the PG of TR was negatively correlated with DA( r=-0.414, P<0.05); the TR/RA Ratio was negatively linearly correlated with PI( r=-0.388, P<0.05), and positively correlated with RV/LV Ratio ( r=0.369, P<0.05); the other parameters were not significantly correlated with the DA or PI ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Fetal heart hemodynamics in the premature ductus arteriosus constriction or closure groups change significantly, FHQ can provide valuable information for the evaluation of the fetal heart with ductus arteriosus constriction or closure.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of B lymphocyte stimulator (Blys) and its receptor BAFF (BAFF-R) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The expression of Blys and BAFF-R was measured by flow cytometry in 90 pa-tients with SLE,which was compared with that of 45 healthy controls. The relationships between the expression of Blys, BAFF-R and other laboratory parameters as well as disease activity were analyzed. Results The expression of Blys and BAFF-R in PBMCs from patients with SLE was significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (P <0.001), so did the active group (P < 0.001) and inactive group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01). The expression of Blys in PBMCs from active SLE patients was higher than that of inactive patients (P <0.05). However,there was no statisti-cal difference of BAFF-R between the two groups. The expression of Blys in PBMCs was positively related to SLEDAI (r =0.728,P <0.001) ,IgG and IgM(r=0.691,P<0.001 and r =0.453,P<0.01) ,but negatively related to C3 and CA (r = -0.510, P < 0.001 and r = -0.312, P < 0.05). The expression of Blys in dsDNA positive group was higher than those of dsDNA negative group (P < 0.01). The expression of Blys and BAFF-R in Cl qAb positive group was higher than those of ClqAb negative group as well (P <0.01). Conclusion The expression of Blys and its receptor BAFF-R in PBMCs from SLE is elevated ,which may reflect the disease activity and is related to the pro-duction of autoantibody. They might be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.

AIM: To investigate the influence and mechanisms of unsaturated fatty acid on PAI-1 expression in HepG-2 cells. METHODS: PAI-1 activity and mRNA expression were determined by colorimetric assay and RT-PCR, respectively. Two types of CAT reporter gene plasmid containing different deletions in PAI-1 promoter were constructed and transfected into HepG-2 cells, respectively. The transcriptional activity of PAI-1 was demonstrated by the CAT's expression. RESULTS: The mRNA and activity of PAI-1 significantly increased in the groups of oleic acid and linoleic acid compared with the control. When co-transfected with PPAR?-pSG5, the level of PAI-1 transcription was significantly increased. In the HepG-2 cells transfected with NF-?B-like sequence-deletion-pCAT construct linoleic acid, the PAI-1 transcriptional activity increased, and no significant change was observed when transfected with VLDL/fatty acid response element-deletion-pCAT construct. CONCLUSIONS: Unsaturated fatty acids induce PAI-1 activity and mRNA expression in HepG-2 cells. PPAR? may be one of transcription factors playing a role in the regulation of PAI-1 gene expression. The VLDL/fatty acid response element in the PAI-1 promoter may play an important role in the regulation, but not the NF-?B-like sequence.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the results of postoperative radiotherapy with electronic beam for patients with keloids in our hospital.

METHODSFrom September 2006 to May 2009, radiotherapy was given within 24 hours after operation in 53 keloid patients. With single vertical field irradiation, 6-12 Mev electronic beams of Linear Accelerator were selected for different incision depth in different sites. The field size was 1.0 cm (range: 0.5-2.0 cm) away from both incision ends and 1.25 cm (range: 0.75-2.50 cm) away from incision laterally. The radiation was given daily with median treatment course of 4 days (range: 3-21 days) at 3.5 Gy/Fx to a median total dose of 14 Gy (range: 8-20 Gy). SPSS 21. 0 was used for analysis.

RESULTSAll postoperative incisions healed in one stage, the median follow-up was 34 months (range: 18-63 months). The overall local control rate was 79.7%. For patients who received the dose of more than 14 Gy versus less than 14 Gy, the local control rate was 81.6%, 75.2%, respectively (P > 0.05). For male and female, the 3 year local recurrence rate were 45.3%, 9.9% respectively (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that the sex (male versus female) was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.036).

CONCLUSIONSurgery combined with electronic beam irradiation is a rather effective way to treat keloids. The local control rate would have a better trend if the total dose was higher than 14 Gy. Sex is an independent prognostic factor.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keloid ; radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult