Objective To prepare high-quality refined and depolymerized capsular polysaccharide(CPS) of Streptococcus pneumoniae for preparation of polysaccharide vaccine and polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae.Methods Refined CPS of type 6A was prepared by acid precipitation method from the inactivated fermentation broth of type 6A Streptococcus pneumoniae,and the final concentration of CaCl_2(80,160,240,320 mmol/L) and pH(2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0) were optimized.Three batches of type 6A refined CPSs were prepared by the optimized method,and the applicability of the method to polysaccharides of 5,7F,10A and 19F types was verified.After removing impurities from the inactivated broth of type 6 A Streptococcus pneumoniae by acid precipitation,the type 6 A depolymerized CPS was prepared by trifluoroacetic acid method,and the reaction temperature(8,25 and 40℃),the final concentration of trifluoroacetic acid(0.25,0.50,1.00 mol/L) and the reaction time(1,3,6 h) were optimized.Three batches of depolymerized CPSs were prepared by the optimized method,and compared with the high-pressure homogenization method,and then the applicability of trifluoroacetic acid method to depolymerized CPSs of 5,10A and 19F types was verified.The quality of refined and depolymerized CPSs was tested according to the methods specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol Ⅲ,2020 edition).Results The optimum final concentration of CaCl_2 and pH of acid precipitation method were 160 mmol/L and 3.0 respectively.The prepared type 6A,5,7F,10A and 19F refined CPSs were all qualified.The optimum reaction temperature,reaction time and final concentration of trifluoroacetic acid were 25℃,3 h and 0.50 mol/L for trifluoroacetic acid method.The prepared type 6A,5,10A and 19F depolymerized CPSs were all qualified.Conclusion The refined and depolymerized CPSs of Streptococcus pneumoniae prepared in this study meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol Ⅲ,2020 edition),and the preparation process is suitable for the preparation of various types of polysaccharides.

The increase of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is a key link in causing the pathological changes in vasogenic brain edema and inflammatory reaction. In recent years, a number of studies have indicaded that a lot of mediators participated in the structural and functional changes and damage of BBB during the process of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

C.Conclusion: The drug releasing rate of Icariin Ointment made of emulsion ointment base is the fastest.

There exists different view in the goal of investigative study.Based on the self-fulfilling cycles of self-regulated learning,the author of the article puts forward that developing the ability of self-regulated learning by doing investigative study according to each phase characteristic of self-regulated learning is one of the important goals of investigative study.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and drug resistance change of acinetobacter baumannii in prima‐ry hospital during 2005-2014 to provide reference for clinical rational drug use .Methods The infection characteristics of acineto‐bacter baumannii in primary hospital during 10 years and its resistance to 10 kinds of common antibacterial drugs was analyzed .Re‐sults A total of 576 strains of acinetobacter baumannii were isolated during 2005-2014 ,accounting for 31 .44% of all Gram nega‐tive bacteria ,which was significantly higher than that of Escherichia coli ,pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumonia bacillus (P<0 .05);446 strains were mainly originated from the sputum specimens (77 .43% ) and 290 strains(50 .35% ) from ICU ;the re‐sistant rate was 44 .44% for CSL ,62 .24% for MIN and more than 70 .00% for 8 kinds of antibacterial drugs of IPM ,MEM ,etc .;which to IPM ,CAZ ,SXT showed the declining trend year by year ,while which to MEM ,AMK ,LEV ,MIN showed the rising trend year by year .Conclusion The isolated acinetobacter baumannii strains in primary hospital are rised year by year ,and generally have resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs ,the clinical doctors should rationally select antibacterial drugs according to the drug susceptibility test results for preventing the occurrence of acinetobacter baumannii infection .

Objective:To investigate the expressions of CD44v3 and CD54 in oral premalignant epithelia and its significance in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosa.Methods:The expressions of CD44v3 and CD54 in 19 cases of normal mucosa and mucosal hyperplasia,22 case of dysplastic epithelia,26 cases of oral cancer mucosa were detected by using immunohistochemistry.Results:CD44v3 and CD54 proteins showed no expression or micro-expression in normal and hyperplastic epithelia.The expressions increased in the dysplastic epithelia and mucosa of oral cancer gradually.The difference between the expressions of the three groups was significant(P

Objective To observe the clinical effect of long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy (LTDOT) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods COPD patients were randomly divided into LTDOT group and control group,LTDOT group received LTDOT on basis of conventional therapy,and control group only received conventional thempy.The lung function,blood gas analysis was detectedand quality of life in paracmasis before and after treatment was evaluted.Results After two years, FEV1[(1.42±0.42)L],PaO2[(80.0±2.6)mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa]in LTDOT group were obviously higher than those in control group[(0.72±0.38)L,(55.0±2.2)mm Hg],there were significant differences between two groups(P<0.01).FVC,PaCO2 in two groups were no significant difference(P>0.05).Quality of life in LTDOT group was better than that in control group,average emergency frequency[(2.3±1.2)times] and hospital day[(16.0±2.4)d]in LTDOT group were obviously decwatsed than those in control group [(5.2±1.3)times,(36.0±2.2)d](P<0.01).Conclusion For the patients with COPD paracmasis, LTDOT can increase FEVI,PaO2,elevate quality of life and decrease average emergency frequency and hospital day.

Objective To observe the occurrence of vascular calcification in maintenance hemedialysis (MHD) patients. Method Sixty-nine MHD patients were enrolled in this study. Vascular calcification was evaluated by plain X-my films of chest, upper and lower extremites. Analyzed the relationship of vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. Results Vascular calcification on X-ray films presented in 38 cases (55%). Of the 23 cases with calcification on arteries of extremites, 14 cases were found to have both intimal calcification and medial calcification. Patients with vascular calcification were older. Ischemic heart disease and cardiac failure appeared more frequently in the patients with vascular calcification. Conclusions Both intimal calcification and medial calcification are frequently found in the MHD patients. Vascular calcification is probablly associated with cardiovascular disease in MHD patients.

Objective To report successful nursing experience of cardiac arrest caused by amniotic fluid embolism.Methods 3 pregnant women with cardiac arrest caused by amniotic fluid embolism from January to August 2012 were successfully rescued,the nursing measures included observation of labor course,mechanical ventilation,rapid establishment of intravenous injection route,anti-shock and prevention of DIC and renal failure.Results 3 cases of pregnant women were given timely rescue and pulled through.All rehabilitated and were discharged.Conclusions Amniotic fluid embolism is the most serious,dramatic,and the most difficult to control complications in obstetric department.Prevention is the key for amniotic fluid embolism,once happened,medical workers should carry out rescue work calmly and implement effective interventions.

To study the initiatives and progress of African nations in promoting the development of traditional medicine to determine if these measures can be applied to the protection of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge. Information research methods were used to collect and analyze relevant literature. The development of African traditional medicine has been effectively promoted through various measures taken by African organizations and governments. In recent years, Africa has achieved remarkable results in promoting the development of traditional medicine. Many other countries will benefit from studying their examples and adopting similar measures.