Objective To observe the changes of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and nuclear factorκB(NF‐κB) expres‐sion in the hippocampus of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation so as to unravel the role of HMGB 1 and NF‐κB in neuroin flam‐mation .Methods Totally 40 Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into shame‐operated group and recover group [including 2 ,6 ,12 ,24 and 48 h of 5sub‐groups after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)] .The animals were sacrificed and hippo‐campus were removed at the indicated time .Pathological changes were observed at each time point .The expression of HMGB1 and NF‐κB were determined using RT‐PCR and Western blot respectively .Results There were no histopathological in the hippocampus of rats in shame‐operated group ,brain tissue appeared change of ischemia pathology in recover group ,it was the most severest at ROSC 24 h and still obviously at ROSC 48 h time point .HMGB1 mRNA and NF‐κB mRNA expression in the hippocampus of rats of recover group increased obviously along with the prolongation of time following ROSC and reached its peak at ROSC 24 h(P<0 . 01) ,much higher than that of shame‐operated group ;the HMGB1 level in the hippocampus of rats after recover significantly de‐clined at 2 h after ROSC and increased obviously at 6 ,12 h and reached peak 24 h later ,then decreased 48 h later(P<0 .01) ,there was positive correlation between the expression of HMGB1 and NF‐κB protein .Conclusion HMGB1/NF‐κB signaling pathway may play an important role in the early stages of brain injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation .Targeted therapies of this path way would be possible to open a new avenue for preventing neuroinflammation after recover .

Objective_To investigate the role of HMGB1 involved in the activation of P38MAPK signal pathway in the hippocampus of rats after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Methods_Rats were randomly divided into two groups as shame-operated group, CPR group including 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation ( ROSC) (5sub-groups) .The animals were sacrificed and hippocampus were removed at the indicated time.Patholog-ical changes were examined at each time point.Calculated the brain water content by day/wet ration.The HMGB1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR technique.The expressions of HMGB1 and P38MAPK activity were deter-mined using Western blot.Results_There were no histopathological change in the hippocampus of rats in shame-op-erated group, brain tissue appeared change of ischemia pathology in CPR group, it was the most severest at ROSC 24 h.The brain water content, HMGB1 mRNA in rats of CPR group increased obviously along with the prolongation of time following ROSC and reached its peak at ROSC 24 h(P<0.01),much higher than that of shame-operated group, the HMGB1 level in the hippocampus of rats after CPR significantly declined at 2 h after ROSC(P<0.01)and increased obviously at 6, 12 h and reached peak 24 h later(P<0.01), the P38MAPK activity in the hippo-campus of rats after CPR, significantly increased at 2 h after ROSC and reached peak 6 h later(P<0.01), then declined slowly later, much higher than that of shame-operated group.Conclusions_HMGB1 involved in the acti-vation of P38 MAPK signal pathway may play an important role in the early stages of brain injury after CPR.

AIM: To analyze the liposoluble constituents from two Varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat(Changhong and Lengyan) cultivated in Kaifeng. METHODS: Changhong and Lengyan were extracted by Soxhlet extraction,and GC-MS was used to analyze their components. RESULTS: Forty compounds were identified from Changhong,amounting to 90.09% of the total constituents.Thirty-five compounds were identified from Lengyan,amounting to 91.57% of the total constituents. CONCLUSION: There appears to be considerable difference in triterpenoids and sterols between the samples of Changong and Lengyan.

Colonic Diseases ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Interferons ; Ischemia

Astragalus produced in Gansu were chosen as the raw material to leachate. Studied the antibiotic effects of the leaching solution on the cariogenic bacteria and compared with the imported bacteriostatic product MI. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli were cultured in the medium for 24 h. The PH and A600 values were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted by using SPSS 13.0. The leaching solution of astragalus has the same inhibitory effects on the growth and acid production of streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli as MI.

Objective To investigate the role of serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase (SGK) 1 in the inflammatory responses mediated by toll like receptors.Methods Mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS,1 mg/kg) 2 h after the pretreatment of EMD638683 (10 mg/kg) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control.At the time points of 3 and 24 h,pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6,IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) in serum were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Livers and lung were harvested at 6 h and 24 h after the injection of LPS,embedded by optimum cutting temperature (OCT) and then stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE).Peripheral blood mononuelear cell (PBMC) were isolated and stimulated by LPS with or without the pretreatment of EMD or LY294002.Cytokines (IL-6,IL-12 and TNF-α) were measured using ELISA.IKKα/β,IKBα and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 were detected by Western bolt.Data were analyzed by one way analysis of variance.Results In the model of LPS-induced endotoxin sepsis,inhibition of SGK1 induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6 [t=3.007,P＜0.05],IL-12[t=4.413,P＜0.05] and TNF-α[t=5.403,P＜0.05]),increased inflammatory cells infikration into the liver and lung within 6 h,and induced serious multiple organ damage with collapse of alveoli and fatty degeneration of liver.After 24 h,pharmacological inhibition of SGK1 with EMD638683 increased proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 [t=18.540,P＜0.01],IL-12[t=16.520,P＜0.01] and TNF-α[t=34.880,P＜0.01]) production in human PBMC upon LPS stimulation and inhibited the phosphorylation of IKKα/ β/IKBα and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65.Conclusions SGK1 suppresses the toll like receptor 4 mediated inflammatory responses via NF-κB.

Objective To investigate the virological response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)genotype 1b relapsers after 48 weeks of peginterferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV)combination retreatment,and to explore the predictive value of interleukin (IL )-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphismon virological response.Methods From 2012 to 2014,genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C (CHC)relapsers in He′nan Provincial People′s Hospital were retreated with combined peg-IFN/RBV for 48 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Host IL-28B genetic polymorphism was detected.Predictive factors associated with virological response and sustained virological response (SVR)were analyzed.Independent-samples t test was conducted in continuous variables,whileχ2 test or Fisher exact probability test was conducted in counts data.Results A total of 61 patients finished 48 weeks of peg-IFN/RBV combination therapy and were further followed up for 24 weeks off-treatment.Mean age was (46.7 ±12.4)years.Thirty-seven patients (60.7%)were male and 49 were rs12978960 CC genotype.After 48 weeks of retreatment with peg-IFN/RBV and 24 weeks of off-treatment follow-up,40 patients (65 .6%)achieved SVR.Rapid virological response (RVR)and SVR of younger patients were both significantly higher than those of older patients (100.0% vs 67.4% and 85 .0% vs 47.6%,respectively;both P =0.006).IL-28B rs12978960 genotype was predictive to RVR and SVR.Patients with RVR and SVR had higher carriage rates of IL-28B rs12978960 CC genotype compared with those without RVR and SVR (both P <0.05 ).Patients with CC genotype had higher rates of RVR (34.1 % vs 0;χ2 = 10.625 ,P =0.006 ),end-of-treatment virological response (84.1 % vs 70.6%;χ2 =5 .563,P =0.039 )and SVR (77.3% vs 35 .3%;χ2 =9.572,P =0.007)than those with CT/TT genotype.However,there were no statistical differences of extended RVR (34.1 % vs 29.4%;χ2 =0.122,P =0.809)and early virological response (79.5 % vs 82.3%;χ2 =0.612,P =0.964).Conclusions Retreatment with antiviral therapy is necessary in CHC patients with genotype 1b. IL-28B rs12978960 genetic polymorphism is predictive to the SVR of retreatment,especially for patients without RVR,which will provide individualized treatment and optimize the treatment strategy.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional risk,malnutrition(undemutrition),overweight/obesity,and application of nutritional support in hospitalized patients with endocrine disorders.Methods Adult patients in Department of Endocrine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)from September to December 2008 were consecutively enrolled.Nutrional Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002)war per-formed on the next morning after admission and nutritional support evaluation was performed on the 14th day of ad-mission or on the discharge day.The relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support Was analyzed.Nu-tritional risk was defined as NRS2002 score≥3,and body mass index(BMI)<18.5 ks/m2 defined as unclernut-rition.Results A total of 152 patients were enroled,and NBS2002 scoring was performed in all patients.The prevalence of undernutrition Was 7.9%and the nutritional risk was 27.6%.The prevalence of nutritional risk in the elderly inpotients(≥60 years old)was significantly higher than in younger patients(18-59 years old)(36.8%vs 20.2%,P=O.023).Nine patients(21.4%)with NRS2002≥3 received nutrition support,and 12patients(10.9%)with NRS2002<3 received nutritional support.The average PN:EN ratio was 1:3.2.Conclu-siom NRS2002 is afeasible nutritional risk screening tool for inpatients with endocrine disorders.A large propor-tion of inpotients were at nutritional risk or undemutrition in the Department of Endocrine of PUMCH. The application of nutritional support currently is somehow inappropriate.Evidence-based guidelines are required to improve this situation

OBJECTIVETo search alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Luculia pinciana.

METHODThe alpha-glucosidase inhibitor was isolated by the column chromatographic techniques and the bioassay-guided method in vitro. A combination of MS and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify the chemical structures. The inhibitory kinetic of the isolations was also investigated.

RESULTThe ethyl acetate extract showed strongest inhibitory activity, and five active compounds were isolated and identified as scopletin (1), 5-methoxy-8-hydroxycoumarin (2), lalpha,3beta,24-trihydroxyursolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4) and oleanolic acid (5). The IC50 values of all compounds were lower than that of acarbose. Four of them shown noncompetitive type manner on alpha-glucosidase inhibition except that compound 3 is competitive type manner.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-4 as the inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase were reported for the first time.

Acarbose ; pharmacology ; Coumarins ; pharmacology ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Oleanolic Acid ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rubiaceae ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; alpha-Glucosidases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 b genetic variation in the open reading frame for treatment outcomes of the pegylated-interferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV) combination therapy by examining patients from Henan Province with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).

METHODSThirty-seven treatment naive patients infected with HCV genotype 1b were included in the study. Prior to initiation of a 48-week course of peg-IFN/RBV therapy, peripheral blood was drawn for sequencing of the viral ORF 5'-half. Patients were assessed at the end of the 48 weeks of treatment and at a 6-month follow-up appointment. The patient data was stratified according to the status of sustained viral response (SVR) group and non-response (NR) and statistical analysis was performed to determine the correlation between detected genetic variations and treatment response status.

RESULTSGenetic variability in the ORF 5'-half was significantly higher among the individuals in the SVR group than among those of the NR group. Significant differences were found in the gene regions encoding p7, NS2 and NS3. For p7, the NR group had actual and expected frequencies of special mutation of 9.0 and 17.4 and total mutation of 77.0 and 68.6, while the SVR group had actual and expected frequencies of special mutation of 42.0 and 33.6 and total mutation of 124.0 and 132.4 (x2 =7.725, P =0.05). For NS2, the NR group had actual and expected frequencies of special mutation of 36.0 and 54.3 and total mutation of 270.0 and 251.7, while the SVR group had actual and expected frequencies of special mutation of 106.0 and 87.7 and total mutation of 388.0 and 406.3 (x2 = 12.16, P less than 0.01). For NS3, the NR group had actual and expected frequencies of special mutation of 49.0 and 53.4 and total mutation of 241.0 and 236.6, while the SVR group had actual and expected frequencies of special mutation of 81.0 and 76.6 and total mutation of 335.0 and 339.4 (x2 =6.745, P =0.043). The inter-patient genetic variations in the NS3 gene were concentrated in the protease domain. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between HCV diversity in p7 and treatment outcome.

CONCLUSIONThe genetic data reported here provides strong support for the role of NS2, NS3 and p7 in antagonizing the peg-IFN/RBV response during the treatment of HCV infections. We conclude that higher inter-patient viral genetic diversity correlates with successful treatment and may modulate the efficacy of antiviral therapy in CHC patients of Henan.

Adult ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; virology ; Humans ; Interferons ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Open Reading Frames ; Ribavirin ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome